Effects of Elemental Sulphur and Farmyard Manure on pH and Salinity of Calcareous Sandy Loam Soil and Some Nutrient Elements in Tomato Plant

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of elemental sulphur （S） and farmyard manure on soil pH, EC and N, S, P concentrations of tomato grown in a calcareous sandy loam soil. For this purpose, a pot experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions. Sulphur was applied at 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 400 mg kg~ and farmyard manure at 0, 3 ton da^-1 to the soil. Three weeks after applications, tomato seedlings were planted and 8 weeks later, the plants were harvested to determine N, S, P concentrations and dry matter yield. Soil pH and EC were determined in the soil samples taken at 3 different periods. Effects of sulphur and farmyard manure applications were not significant on N, P concentrations and dry matter yield of tomato plant. S concentration of tomato plant was increased by sulphur alone. Soil pH was decreased and soil EC was increased in both 2^nd and 3^rd soil sampling period by the sulphur applications. As a result of farmyard manure application, soil pH decreased in the 2^nd soil sampling period but increased in the 3^rd soil sampling period. Also, soil EC was significantly increased in 1^st and 3^rd soil sampling period. Farmyard manure had no significant effect on S supply to tomato plant. The N：S ratio of tomato plant was decreased by sulphur alone. However, the sulphur with farmyard manure applications decreased N：S ratio in lesser extend compared to the S applications.     

Affine invariant shape recognition with particle swarmoptimization algorithm

Focusing on the problem that affine transformation will exist among the contour images due to variation of the viewpoints, a new approach to extract affine invariant features and matching strategy is proposed for shape recognition. First, the centroid distance and azimuth angle of each boundary point are computed. Then, with a prior defined angle interval, all the points in the neighbor region of the sample point are considered to calculate the average distance for eliminating noise. After that, the centroid distance ratios(CDRs) of any two contour points with angle difference of 180° are achieved as the representation of the shape, which would be invariant to affine transformation. Since the angles of contour points changed non linearly among affine related images, the CDRs should be resampled to build corresponding relationship. It could be regarded as an optimization problem of path planning. In our method, a PSO based path planning model is presented to address this problem. The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method in shape recognition with translation, scaling, rotation, distortion and noise interference.     

Dynamic characteristics of CVT hydraulic system in speed ratio changing

Aiming at the hydraulic system of CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission), the transfer function of hydraulic system of CVT and the dynamic simulation model of this system based on AMESIM are built, and the characteristics of speed ratio response is simulated and calculated. The influences of spring constant, damping coefficient and mass of moving part on rising time, setting time and overshoot are analyzed. The result shows that the dynamic simulation model of this system is reasonable and will provide a basis and method for the optimization of CVT hydraulic system’s dynamic characteristics in the future.     

不同激素配比对重瓣矮牵牛组织培养的影响

[目的]研究不同激素配比对重瓣矮牵牛组织培养的影响。[方法]以重瓣矮牵牛叶片为外植体,研究不同激素配比对其愈伤组织、不定芽诱导和不定芽生根的影响。[结果]愈伤组织及不定芽的诱导以MS＋6-BA 2.0 mg/L＋NAA 0.2 mg/L最佳,不定芽生根以1/2 MS＋NAA 0.1 mg/L或1/2MS＋IBA 0.1 mg/L最佳,产生的根较粗,数量较多。[结论]该研究结果为重瓣矮牵牛的快速繁殖、种质资源的保存和遗传转化建立了基础。     

流域特征及景观格局对泥沙输移比的影响研究综述

泥沙输移比是目前预测流域产沙量的一种较实用的方法,它的确定受到很多因素的影响,其中流域特征和流域的景观格局是影响泥沙输移比的重要因子。从流域特征和景观格局两大方面对泥沙输移比研究进行综述,以期为我国开展土壤侵蚀及泥沙输移研究提供参考。     

Successful drug development despite adverse preclinical findings part 1: processes to address issues and most important findings

Unexpected adverse preclinical findings (APFs) are not infrequently encountered during drug development. Such APFs can be functional disturbances such as QT prolongation, morphological toxicity or carcinogenicity. The latter is of particular concern in conjunction with equivocal genotoxicity results. The toxicologic pathologist plays an important role in recognizing these effects, in helping to characterize them, to evaluate their risk for man, and in proposing measures to mitigate the risk particularly in early clinical trials. A careful scientific evaluation is crucial while termination of the development of a potentially useful drug must be avoided. This first part of the review discusses processes to address unexpected APFs and provides an overview over typical APFs in particular classes of drugs. If the mode of action (MoA) by which a drug candidate produces an APF is known, this supports evaluation of its relevance for humans. Tailor-made mechanistic studies, when needed, must be planned carefully to test one or several hypotheses regarding the potential MoA and to provide further data for risk evaluation. Safety considerations are based on exposure at no-observed-adverse-effect levels (NOAEL) of the most sensitive and relevant animal species and guide dose escalation in clinical trials. The availability of early markers of toxicity for monitoring of humans adds further safety to clinical studies. Risk evaluation is concluded by a weight of evidence analysis (WoE) with an array of parameters including drug use, medical need and alternatives on the market. In the second part of this review relevant examples of APFs will be discussed in more detail.     

西双版纳热带植物园主要种植园区太阳辐射特征比较研究

利用2008—2009年间太阳辐射观测资料,分析了西双版纳热带植物园主要种植园区太阳辐射的变化特征,得出其变化及能量分配的相关规律。研究结果表明:在各植物园区,太阳辐射各分量均呈现单峰性变化,中午出现最大值;在具有高大树木、遮蔽较大的种植园区,太阳辐射各分量日总量与旷地的比值较小,在仅有低矮树木的百果园,其比值较大;西双版纳热带植物园植物种植园区,其形成的植物群落结构对太阳辐射的作用已经与原生林或次生林相当,具有明显林下辐射的特征,为植物园进行植物的迁地保护提供了较为原始的森林环境,减少植物的人为驯化,最大程度地保证原物种的遗传特征;不同园区辐射特征对植物迁地保护种植区域的选择提供了依据。     

新广州站三向张弦梁结构优化设计

基于运用APDL语言对新广州站工程三向张弦梁结构建立的参数化模型,利用一阶优化方法,对初始结构进行全构件截面和形状参数的综合优化.并在矢高和垂度确定的情况下,分别采用分级优化和综合优化分析了构件截面的合理取值.分析结果表明：矢高和垂度是三向张弦梁结构设计中极为重要的设计参数,新广州站三向张弦梁结构的最佳矢高为9.189 m,其垂跨比应不小于0.034,下弦垂度和上弦矢高的经济比值为0.22~0.23.上弦拱构件在结构中占的比重较大,可以通过减小拱截面的壁厚来降低结构的用钢量.并通过综合优化得到新广州站三向张弦梁的最佳梁弦刚度比为1.23×10-4     

不同浓度硼砂溶液对日光温室油桃坐果率的影响

日光温室栽培油桃普遍存在果实坐果率低、果个小、着色差等问题。微量元素硼能促进碳水化合物的合成和运转、刺激花粉粒的萌发和花粉管的伸长,提高坐果率。选用0.1%、0.3%、0.5%等3种不同浓度的硼砂溶液,在油桃初花期喷施叶片。结果表明,用硼砂溶液处理过的油桃坐果率都有所增加,浓度为0.1%的硼砂溶液坐果率最高,较喷清水提高了6.37个百分点。