鲁中山区大樱桃温室扣棚时间和升温时间分析

试验选取鲁中山区的3个大樱桃温室,进行从冬季扣棚开始至大樱桃升温期间温度等气象要素观测,同时结合温室管理人员对扣棚时间、升温时间的记录以及温室大樱桃的生长状况,研究温室大樱桃的扣棚时间和最合适的升温时间。结果表明,鲁中山区温室大樱桃扣棚时间在12月中下旬,当该时期外界温度下降至-19.1℃时,花芽冻坏率为30%,建议在该时期强冷空气来临之前扣棚;升温时间在次年1月上旬,升温时间要在满足需冷量的前提下,根据试验结果,7.2℃模型的最小需冷量为1 070 h,0~7.2℃模型的需冷量为484 h。     

陡槽溢洪道多孔消能板消能特性影响因素的试验研究

传统消能工对于低水头、大流量的陡槽溢洪道消能效果并不显著。在陡槽溢洪道上设置多孔消能板后,大大提高了陡槽溢洪道的消能率。该文采用物理模型进行试验的方法,对设置多孔消能板的陡槽溢洪道的水流流速及消能特性行了详细的研究,得到了各个因素对设置多孔消能板的陡槽溢洪道消能率的影响情况,给出了其消能率最高达到80%以上的多孔消能板处理方案,消能效果显著。     

松木粉／聚醚砜树脂复合材料的制备及选择性激光烧结试验

以松木粉、聚醚砜树脂为材料,用SHR－10A型高速混合机制备松木粉／聚醚砜树脂复合粉末;用HRPS－ⅢA型激光粉末烧结快速成型机,遴选出复合粉末可用于选择性激光烧结工艺参数及适宜的预热温度,烧结成型。测量了不同松木粉质量比对复合粉末力学性能的影响,观察并测量了输入不同的能量密度时,烧结试件的成型效果和力学性能。结果表明：随着松木粉质量比的增加,木塑复合材料的力学性能降低。对于松木粉质量比为20％的木塑复合粉末,当输入的能量密度为0．128 J／mm3时,复合粉末即可成型;当输入的能量密度为0．312 J／mm3时,木塑复合材料的拉伸强度达到4．8465 MPa,弯曲强度为8．2152 MPa,冲击强度为1．2574 MPa,此时力学性能最强;若输入的能量密度大于0．312 J／mm3时,出现过烧现象,力学性能下降。采用扫描电镜对烧结件断面的形貌进行了表征。     

能源草发酵产沼气的研究进展

针对当前世界能源的利用情况,分析了能源草经厌氧发酵生产生物质能——沼气的可行性,并从能源草的资源收集及培育、原料草种植及收获、原料预处理、微生物接种物类别、发酵条件控制以及气体成分分析等6个方面综述了国内外的研究进展,并对其发展前景做出展望。     

广西香蕉种植户技术需求意愿及影响因素分析

以广西12个县(区)的257户香蕉种植户的实地调查资料为依据,通过对广西香蕉种植户技术需求优先序的分析,运用二元Logistic模型实证分析其技术需求的影响因素.结果表明,广西香蕉种植户最需要的4种技术依次为病虫害防治技术、高品质管理技术、施肥技术、新品种技术;而生产决策者特征、家庭因素、组织因素、风险因素、技术信息服务等也不同程度地影响着广西香蕉种植户技术的需求行为.     

Effect of temperature on growth and energy budget of juvenile cobia (Rachycentron canadum)

Growth and energy budget of juvenile cobia (initial body weight ∼ 22 g) at various temperatures (23, 27, 31 and 35 °C) were investigated in this study. Maximal ration level (RL_max, %/day) increased as temperature (T, °C) increased from 23 °C to 31 °C but decreased at 35 °C, described as a quadratic equation: RL_max = −0.023T² + 1.495T − 17.52. Faecal production (f, mg g^− 1 day^− 1) increased with increased temperature (T, °C), described as a power function: lnf = 0.738lnT − 0.806. As temperature increased, feed absorption efficiency in dry weight (FAE_d, %), protein (FAE_p, %) and energy (FAE_e, %) all increased first and then decreased, but the variation of feed absorption efficiency was small, with ranges of 89.59-91.08%, 92.91-94.71%, 93.92-95.32%, respectively. Specific growth rate in wet weight (SGR_w, %/day), dry weight (SGR_d, %/day), protein (SGR_p, %/day) and energy (SGR_e, %/day) showed a domed curve relative to temperature (T, °C), described as quadratic equations: SGR_w = − 0.068T² + 3.878T − 50.53, SGR_d = − 0.079T² + 4.536T −59.64, SGR_p = − 0.084T² + 4.783T − 63.08 and SGR_e = − 0.082T² + 4.654T − 60.99, and SGR_w, SGR_d, SGR_p and SGR_e maximized at 28.5 °C, 28.6 °C, 28.4 °C, 28.5 °C, respectively, as calculated from the regression equations. The relationships between feed conversion efficiency in wet weight (FCE_w, %), dry weight (FCE_d, %), protein (FCE_p, %), energy (FCE_e, %) and temperature (T, °C) also took on a domed curve described as quadratic equations: FCE_w = − 0.726T² + 39.71T − 473.8, FCE_d = − 0.276T² + 15.31T − 190.6, FCE_p = − 0.397T² + 22.05T − 277.9 and FCE_e = − 0.350T² + 19.39T − 239.9, and FCE_w, FCE_d, FCE_p and FCE_e maximized at 27.4 °C, 27.8 °C, 27.7 °C and 27.7 °C, respectively, as calculated from the regression equations. Energy budget of juvenile cobia fed satiation was 100C = 5F + 67(U + R) + 28G at water temperature 27 °C and 100C = 5F + 70(U + R) + 25G at water temperature 31 °C, where C is food energy, F is faeces energy, (U + R) is excretion energy and metabolism energy, and G is growth energy.     

The importance of fine-scale savanna heterogeneity for reptiles and small mammals

Tropical savannas are an important reservoir of global biodiversity. Australia’s extensive savannas, although still largely intact, are experiencing substantial declines in terrestrial biodiversity due to a variety of interrelated effects of altered fire regimes, grazing and increases in invasive species. These disturbance processes are spatially variable, combine to increase landscape to local-scale landscape heterogeneity, but rarely result in well-defined patch boundaries. We quantified the importance of this heterogeneity for native reptile and small mammal species in a tropical savanna landscape of Queensland, Australia. We used high resolution remote sensing imagery (IKONOS) to map habitat pattern at a 4 m spatial resolution and at variable extents. We found that landscapes dominated by grass or bare ground had low reptile and small mammal diversity, while landscapes with a heterogeneous mix of grass, bare ground and trees had high species diversity and relative abundance of most species. Landscape heterogeneity may increase reptile and small mammal species richness by: (i) increasing the variety and abundance of foraging resources such as seeds and invertebrates; (ii) providing cover from predators and high summer temperatures; and (iii) increasing functional connectivity and dispersal success. The importance of these resources and processes varies among individual species and at different spatial scales, reiterating the need to consider habitat requirements of multiple species in landscape management and conservation planning.     

河流生态环境需水量及关键技术研究

综述了河流生态环境需水量的国内外研究进展,从基础理论和计算方法两方面探讨了热点问题,围绕生态水文模型、驱动机制与演变规律、河流生态资产与生态环境需水量的概念关系模型、生态调度模型和生态流量预警等关键技术,提出了河流生态环境需水量的研究模式;对未来的相关研究做了展望。     

Relating Kirtland's warbler population to changing landscape composition and structure

The population of male Kirtland's warbler (Dendroica kirtlandii) in the breeding season has averaged 206 from 1971 to 1987. The Kirtland's warbler occupies dense jack pine (Pinus banksiana) barrens from 5 to 23 years old and from 1.4 to 5.0 m high, formerly of wildfire origin. In 1984, 73% of the males censused were found in habitat naturally regenerated from wildfire or prescribed burning. The rest were in plantations (11%) or in harvested, unburned jack pine stands stocked by natural regeneration (16%). Twenty-two percent (630 of 2,886) of the Kirtland's warbler males counted in the annual censuses from 1971 through 1984 were found in 26 stands that were unburned and naturally regenerated following harvest. From 1982 to 1987, suitable regenerating areas were barely sufficient to replace currently occupied maturing stands, so population growth was impeded. Ecosystems of suitable size and regeneration characteristics (wildfire and plantation) doubled in area by 1989. In response, the population of Kirtland's warblers increased from 167 to 398 males between 1987 and 1992, but they withdrew almost entirely from the unburned, unplanted barrens by 1989 when the area of more suitable regeneration types increased. Minimum (368 males) and maximum (542 males) population estimates for 1996 were calculated based on 1984 average density (1.9 males per 40 ha) and peak population in burns (2.8 males per 40 ha).     

IGF-1 receptor signaling pathways and effects of AMPK activation on IGF-1-induced progesterone secretion in hen granulosa cells

IGF-1 plays a key role in the proliferation and differentiation of granulosa cells. However, the molecular mechanism of IGF-1 action in avian granulosa cells during follicle maturation is unclear. Here, we first studied IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) expression, IGF-1-induced progesterone production and some IGF-1R signaling pathways in granulosa cells from different follicles. IGF-1R (mRNA and protein) was higher in fresh or cultured granulosa cells from the largest follicles (F1 or F2) than in those from smaller follicles (F3 or F4). In vitro, IGF-1 treatment (10(-8)M, 36h) increased progesterone secretion by four-fold in mixed F3 and F4 (F3/4) granulosa cells and by 1.5-fold in F1 granulosa cells. IGF-1 (10(-8)M, 30min)-induced increases in tyrosine phosphorylation of IGF-1R beta subunit and phosphorylation of ERK were higher in F1 than in F3/4 granulosa cells. Interestingly, IGF-1 stimulation (10(-8)M, 10min) decreased the level of AMPK Thr172 phosphorylation in F1 and F3/4 granulosa cells. We have recently showed that AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) is a protein kinase involved in the steroidogenesis in chicken granulosa cells. We then studied the effects of AMPK activation by AICAR (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside), an activator of AMPK, on IGF-1-induced progesterone secretion by F3/4 and F1 granulosa cells. AICAR treatment (1mM, 36h) increased IGF-1-induced progesterone secretion, StAR protein levels and decreased ERK phosphorylation in F1 granulosa cells. Opposite data were observed in F3/4 granulosa cells. Adenovirus-mediated expression of dominant negative AMPK totally reversed the effects of AICAR on IGF-1-induced progesterone secretion, StAR protein production and ERK phosphorylation in both F3/4 and F1 granulosa cells. Thus, a variation of energy metabolism through AMPK activation could modulate differently IGF-1-induced progesterone production in F1 and F3/4 granulosa cells.