多效唑、烯效唑和矮壮素对金钱树的矮化效应

采用植物生长延缓剂多效唑(PP333)、烯效唑(S3307)、矮壮素(CCC)喷施和灌根的方法对1~3年生盆栽金钱树的矮化效应进行研究。结果表明:PP333能明显使叶轴矮化,小叶间距缩短,叶柄基部变粗,复叶相对生长速率降低;S3307主要使叶柄基部变粗;CCC药效表现不稳定,对部分指标表现出了促进作用。不同年龄金钱树适宜的PP333浓度变化大,S3307浓度变化小。喷施或灌根的矮化效果基本一致。药害在灌根处理上较同浓度喷叶处理更严重。综合考虑金钱树的生长及观赏价值,对不同年龄金钱树应用植物生长延缓剂调控株形效果好的组合有:1年生苗用300mg·L-1S3307喷叶处理;2年生苗用300mg·L-1S3307灌根处理或600mg·L-1PP333灌根处理;3年生苗用1200mg·L-1PP333喷叶处理。     

茶树GGPS基因家族的克隆、生物信息学和表达分析

牻牛儿基牻牛儿基焦磷酸合酶(Geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase,GGPS)是萜类合成途径的结构酶,对植物生长发育具有重要意义。本研究通过RACE和RT-PCR方法克隆得到5条潜在的茶树GGPS序列,分别命名为CsGGPS1-4和CsGGPS9,其中CsGGPS9存在3条等位基因,分别是CsGGPS9-1、CsGGPS9-2和CsGGPS9-3,在系统进化树上与其他基因分成两支。蛋白质序列分析表明,茶树GGPS家族成员都具有polyprenyl_synt结构域,不存在信号肽序列。亚细胞定位预测结果显示,CsGGPS1、CsGGPS2和CsGGPS4定位在叶绿体上,CsGGPS3和CsGGPS9定位在线粒体上。通过Swiss Model进行三维建模,结合"three-floor"模型对茶树GGPS家族成员的功能进行预测,预测结果显示,CsGGPS1、CsGGPS2和CsGGPS4是GGPS;CsGGPS3是异源二聚体形式的牻牛儿基焦磷酸合酶的小亚基;CsGGPS9的催化主产物是碳链数大于30的异戊烯基焦磷酸。q RT-PCR分析表明,CsGGPS1整体表达丰度较低,仅在一芽二叶中表达量稍高;CsGGPS2在茶树各个组织中均有表达,在花中表达量最高,且花发育过程中表达量先上升后下降;CsGGPS3在叶和幼根中的表达量高于花,花发育过程中表达平稳;CsGGPS4在茶树各个组织中表达量数值相近,在花发育过程中表达量变化趋势与CsGGPS2相同;CsGGPS9的表达量在成熟叶中显著低于幼嫩叶片。     

植物源抑菌活性成分研究新进展

评述了近年来源于植物中的具有抑(杀)菌作用的化学成分,其结构类型涉及萜类、生物碱类、黄酮类、苷类、皂甙、醌类、香豆素、木脂素、芪类、胺类、酯类、酚类、醛类、醇类、甾类、有机酸及精油类等化合物,分析了在开发植物源杀菌剂中存在的问题,提出了今后研究工作的方向与侧重点。     

水稻株型性状的配合力分析

将１０个恢复系,５个不育系按不完全双列杂交组配,考察其Ｆ１代株型性状的配合力。结果表明,剑叶长,宽,角度,株高４个性状的遗传主要受加性效应的影响,分蘖角度受加性效应和非加性效应的影响,但主要受非加性效应的影响。不同材料的一般配合力,特殊配合力效应及其变异程度存在着差异。     

Soybean plant height QTL mapping and meta‐analysis for mining candidate genes

Plant height is closely related to seed yield of soybean. The goal of this study was to identify important loci affecting soybean plant height using meta‐analysis based on a reference physical map. Plant height related to QTLs was mapped across eight years with a RIL population by WinQTLCart v2.5. 182 QTLs related to plant height of soybean from database and our research were collected, and each QTL was projected onto the soybean physical map by software BioMercator v2.1. The confidence interval of meta‐QTL ranged from 0.09 to 5.07 Mb, and the mean phenotypic variance ranged from 4.9% to 73.0%. Furthermore, 4,259 candidate genes were located in these consensus QTLs, and 40 of them were involved in the plant growth and stem elongation and annotated as plant hormone signal transduction (pathway ID ko04075) in KEGG pathway. These results would lay a foundation for fine mapping of QTLs/genes related to plant height and marker‐assisted selection for breeding in soybean.     

Metabolie Engineering of Flower Color in Ornamental Plants

Abstract

Advances in the knowledge of plant pigment pathways at genetic, biochemical and molecular levels, and the establishment of genetic transformation methods for an increasing number of plant species have paved the way to genetic engineering of flower and plant color for ornamental purposes. From trial-and-error approaches based on the available few genes, the trend is now to comprehensively study the target species, genotypes and pigment pathways to precisely address specific breeding goals. This review examines the state of the art in this field, from the pioneering stages to fundamental and applied research on flavonoids, which is being extended to carotenoids and is also likely to involve other pigments in the near future.     

Liming and Manganese Foliar Levels in Orange

ABSTRACT

Citrus cultures have a fundamental importance to the Brazilian economy; certain aspects such as plant nutrition, yield, and fruit quality are vital for the citrus industry sustainability. The present study evaluated the nutritional status of manganese in adult Pear orange trees using different lime rates topically applied to the soil. The direct evaluation of lime rates effects on leaf manganese (Mn) levels revealed a decrease of the nutrient correlated to its increased, as well as passage of time between application and measurement. Foliar sampling 30 months after surface lime application evidenced a high correlation of foliar manganese levels with soil base saturation of 10–20 cm. Leaf manganese levels which showed a great probability of high productivity were between 33 and 70 mg kg^?1.     

高等植物成花的生理生化与分子机制研究进展

成花过程是高等植物生长发育过程中最重要的阶段之一,包括一系列生理生化代谢与基因调控反应。本文对高等植物成花过程中生理生化与分子机制的研究进行了综述,并介绍了miRNA在植物成花过程中的作用,为成花研究提供参考。     

Preliminary Study on the Activity of Phycobiliproteins against Botrytis cinerea

Phycobiliproteins (PBPs) are proteins of cyanobacteria and some algae such as rhodophytes. They have antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory activity at the human level, but there is a lack of knowledge on their antifungal activity against plant pathogens. We studied the activity of PBPs extracted from Arthrospira platensis and Hydropuntia cornea against Botrytis cinerea, one of the most important worldwide plant-pathogenic fungi. PBPs were characterized by using FT-IR and FT-Raman in order to investigate their structures. Their spectra differed in the relative composition in the amide bands, which were particularly strong in A. platensis. PBP activity was tested on tomato fruits against gray mold disease, fungal growth, and spore germination at different concentrations (0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, and 4.8 mg/mL). Both PBPs reduced fruit gray mold disease. A linear dose–response relationship was observed for both PBPs against disease incidence and H. cornea against disease severity. Pathogen mycelial growth and spore germination were reduced significantly by both PBPs. In conclusion, PBPs have the potential for being also considered as natural compounds for the control of fungal plant pathogens in sustainable agriculture.     

禽流感病毒表面抗原HA基因转化小麦的初步研究

为了建立利用小麦生产禽流感口服疫苗的方法,选择禽流感病毒H5N1亚型表面抗原HA基因,与谷类作物启动子构建小麦表达载体,经基因枪法转入我国小麦栽培品种郑9023幼胚,在含5 mg/L草铵膦愈伤诱导培养基和分化培养基及含4 mg/L草铵膦生根培养基上筛选后,PCR鉴定获得转HA基因植株,Southern杂交分析转基因T1...