Somatic embryo culture for propagation,artificial seed production,and conservation of sawara cypress (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Chamaecyparis pisifera</Emphasis> Sieb. et Zucc.)

 Somatic embryogenesis in Chamaecyparis pisifera Sieb. et Zucc. was initiated from immature seeds collected from the end of June to early July. Mass propagation through adventitious shoot bud production from somatic embryo culture on Woody Plant (WP) medium and artificial seed production using sodium alginate was achieved. A high bud forming index value (25.8) was obtained on medium supplemented with 1 μM 6-benzylaminopurine. The conversion rates from artificial seeds under aseptic and nonaseptic conditions were 60%–100% and 10%–12%, respectively. For germplasm conservation, somatic embryos and embryogenic cells were successfully stored at 4°C (medium-term storage) and in liquid nitrogen for long-term storage. Received: December 21, 2001 / Accepted: August 1, 2002 Acknowledgments This work was supported in part by the Japan Science and Technology Corporation and in part by a Grant for Research for the Future Program from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. Correspondence to:E. Maruyama     

大兴安岭寒温带冻土特征与生态环境保护

冻土是特殊的环境类型，通过对大兴安岭冻土环境特征的分析，提出了利于生态环境保护和持续发展的建议。     

菊花胚性愈伤组织诱导及分化研究

以12个菊花品种为试材,采用三步培养法研究了胚性愈伤组织诱导、分化的特点。结果表明：胚性愈伤组织共有4种类型,其中黄绿色致密颗粒状胚性愈伤组织最好;‘玉人面’、‘铺地金’、‘紫妍’、‘杭白菊’间接体细胞胚发生的效果较好。     

双粒高粱发育的细胞学特点研究

为明确双粒高粱的形态解剖结构及发育过程,完善高粱的形态解剖理论,探索双粒高粱形成的细胞学机制,以ISD-1 双粒高粱为材料,利用常规石蜡制片法,对其子房和花药的发育过程进行了细胞学观察。通过对双粒高粱雌、雄配子体发育的细胞学研究发现,双粒高粱无柄小穗中可育花的雌蕊基部膨大为2 个大小不同的腔,中间有分隔层,在2 个腔内各有3 个花药和1 个子房。大腔和小腔的发育无先后顺序之分。2 个腔内胚珠的发育、大孢子的形成、花药的发育、小孢子的形成都是不同步的。花药的发育与传统的形式不同,先发育成1 个或2 个花粉囊再相互结合成完整的花药。与单粒高粱相比,双粒高粱具有独特的细胞发育特点,初步揭示了双粒高粱的形成是由于雌蕊分化为2 个腔,且每个腔具有完整的花药和子房结构。这对于完善高粱的形态解剖理论有重要的意义。     

乳清粉对冷冻面团的流变学特性及发酵能力的影响

探讨添加不同比例的乳清粉对冷冻面团流变学特性及发酵能力的影响。结果表明,添加乳清粉可以优化冷冻面团的流变学特性,改善冷冻面团的质量,乳清粉添加量为2%时,冷冻面团的质量最优。乳清粉还可提高冷冻面团的产气力,改善冷冻面团的发酵能力,乳清粉添加量为2%时,冷冻面团的发酵能力最高。冷冻时间不超过21d的冷冻面团的拉伸特性较优,产气力较好。     

现代生物技术在动物育种中的应用

本文介绍了转基因技术、胚胎工程技术、动物克隆技术以及分子生物技术等现代生物技术在动物育种中的应用,并讨论了现代生物技术目前存在的问题以及今后的发展前景。     

不同降雨强度下黄土区冻土坡面产流产沙过程及水沙关系

为了明确降雨对冻土坡面侵蚀的作用机理,探讨冻土和未冻土在不同水力条件下侵蚀之间的差异。通过室内模拟降雨试验,采用3种降雨强度(0.6,0.9,1.2 mm/min)对比定量研究冻土坡面和未冻土坡面产流产沙过程及水沙关系。结果表明:在0.9、1.2 mm/min雨强下,冻土坡面的产流时间相对对照坡面提前了18.7,6.4 min。冻土坡面径流量、侵蚀量均远大于对照坡面,在0.9,1.2 mm/min雨强下径流量分别是对照坡面的1.16,1.19倍,侵蚀量分别是对照坡面的10.40,6.40倍。随着降雨进行,坡面产生不同程度的细沟,其中,冻土坡面相比对照坡面细沟出现时间分别缩短了18 min,22 min,且冻土坡面细沟侵蚀量占总侵蚀量的79%～92%,此比例大于同雨强下的对照坡面。两种坡面的累计径流量与累计产沙量之间满足y=kx+b的线性关系,在细沟间侵蚀阶段,冻土坡面的k值是对照坡面的8.48～9.02倍,而在细沟侵蚀阶段,则为对照的3.68～7.50倍。研究结果表明细沟侵蚀是冻土坡面土壤侵蚀率增大的主要原因,而冻结层的阻水作用是导致坡面上细沟出现时间提前的最重要因素。该研究可以为完善土壤侵蚀机理研究提供一定的参考价值。     

Combined effect of apigenin and ferulic acid on frozen‐thawed boar sperm quality

The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the cryoprotective effect of apigenin (AP) and ferulic acid (FA) on boar sperm during cryopreservation. AP and FA were both demonstrated to be high‐efficiency antioxidants and had not previously been used to protect sperm from cryodamage. As boar sperm is sensitive to oxidative stress, suitable antioxidants are still needed for improving frozen‐thawed sperm quality. With this purpose, semen samples coming from five boars were used in this study. Ejaculates of five boars were mixed and split into 16 aliquots, in which different doses of AP and FA were added separately or together. The motility, the plasma membrane integrity, the mitochondrial activity, the acrosomal integrity, the antioxidase activities and the malondialdehyde concentration of the frozen‐thawed boar sperm were assessed. The results suggested that both AP and FA significantly improved the frozen‐thawed boar sperm quality in all these aspects when they were added to the freezing extender separately, while the highest improvement was recorded when the extender was supplemented with 0.1 mmol/L AP plus 0.15 mmol/L FA. These findings demonstrated that supplementation of freezing extender with both AP and FA had a combined, beneficial effect on frozen‐thawed boar sperm.     

第八师奶牛养殖产业现状及政策建议

八师奶牛养殖优势突出,已形成以奶牛养殖为基础、乳制品加工为支撑的“养-加-销”于一体的产业链条,掌握师市规模化奶牛场的生产、管理和发展现状。通过加强政策支持和技术服务支撑,提高繁育水平,降低饲养成本。助力师市奶牛养殖扩繁增量突破10万头的目标。