转基因奶牛胚胎移植技术的试验研究

2006年6月至2010年3月以来,北京奶牛中心与中国农业大学合作,在北京奶牛中心良种场开展了转基因牛胚胎移植试验研究。本试验利用中国农业大学培育的转基因母牛作为供体,进行超数排卵生产体内胚胎,将获得的胚胎移植给15～15.5月龄荷斯坦母牛受体。截止2010年3月21日,累计移植转基因奶牛胚胎87枚,移植受体牛87头,妊娠48头,移植妊娠率为55.17%;产犊43头,成活34头,犊牛成活率为79%;经中国农业大学研究人员检测,有14头公牛携带转入目的基因,这14头公牛已全部进入北京市种公牛站饲养。目前,有10头公牛到了试采精月龄,精液经农业部牛冷冻精液质量监督检验测试中心(北京)检测,质量符合国家标准。     

关于季节性冻土对兴隆林区的危害及防治措施

本文论述了在严寒地区预防和减轻基础冻害的方法及措施,并在实践中得到证实。     

家猫超数排卵的研究

用促卵泡激素(FSH),孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG)和人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)建立家猫有效的超数排卵方法。FSH与PMSG的超排效果相比,前者明显优于后者。FSH 50单位/只的超排效果最好,最多者可达23个胚胎。胚胎回收率为68.18％。受精后前4天在输卵管可收集到1—、2—和4—细胞胚胎,第5天以后可在于宫收集到8—、16—细胞胚胎,第6天开始收集到桑椹胚。     

胚胎期高温处理对家蚕生长发育及部分经济性状的影响

用 3 4℃、RH80 %的环境处理 2 0余个家蚕品种的己 + 2 期胚胎 ,结果表明 :高温处理对某些品种的幼虫经过、幼虫体重、全茧量、茧层量等有明显影响 ,对健康性、茧层率无明显影响 ,对丝质无实质影响 ;高温处理对家蚕生长发育和经济性状的影响纯种间存在差异 ,杂交种受影响比纯种小。因此认为 ,高温处理对家蚕生长发育、经济性状的影响不会成为伴性温敏基因和雄蚕品种利用的限制因素 ,部分不良影响可以通过常规育种手段加以解决     

哺乳动物性别控制研究进展

为哺乳动物性别,从哺乳动物性别控制的机理、性别控制的方法及现状进行简要综述,控制技术在生产实践广泛应用提供理论指导。     

Effect of embryo age on the viability of equine embryos after cooled storage using two transport systems

The aim of this study was to compare the viability of 7- and 8-day-old equine embryos cooled and stored for 6 or 24 hours in two different transport systems. Embryos (n = 97) were recovered on day 7 or 8 and assigned to 10 groups (n = 10/group). Embryos within the same age group (D7 or D8) were evaluated immediately after collection (Group-0h) or after storage in an Equitainer at 5°C for 24 hours in 5 ml Emcare Holding Solution (EHS) (Group-E-24h) or 5 ml Ham's F10 (Group-H-24h) or in a refrigerator at 5°C in 500 ml Emcare Flushing Solution (EFS) for 6 hours (Group-B-6h) or 24 hours (Group-B-24h). After collection or storage, embryos were incubated in 1 μg/ml DAPI to determine the percentage of dead cells per embryo (DAPI positive, fluorescent cells). Subsequently, embryos were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and re-stained with DAPI to determine the total number of cells. The percentage of dead cells in group-0h and B-6h was similar and significantly lower than for embryos stored for 24 hours in groups B-24h, E-24h, and H-24h. The percentage of dead cells was similar for embryos stored in an Equitainer (groups E-24h and H-24h) and was significantly higher for embryos stored 24 hours in EFS (Group B-24h). Within each storage system (0h, B-6h, B-24h, E-24h, and H-24h) no significant difference in the percentage of dead cells was observed between 7- and 8-day-old embryos. Storage in 500 ml EFS at 5°C for 6 hours resulted in embryos of better quality than after the traditional 24-hour storage in an Equitainer, suggesting that this simplified system offers a good alternative for short-term storage and transport.     

筇竹组培快繁技术

以筇竹种胚为外植体,MS为基本培养基,通过无菌体系的建立、丛芽诱导增殖、生根培养研究其组培技术,筛选移栽介质。结果表明:在组培无菌条件下,采用体积分数0.5%甲醛(12 h)→体积分数75%酒精(15 min)→体积分数0.1%升汞(8 min)的处理效果较为理想,筇竹种胚污染率为3.33%,萌芽率为86.21%,成活率为83.33%;筛选出MS+2.0 mg·L^-16-BA+0.2 mg·L^-1NAA适合筇竹种胚的丛芽诱导;1/2MS+0.3 mg·L^-1NAA+1.0 mg·L^-1KT+1.0 mg·L^-16-BA适合筇竹分化丛芽增殖;1/2MS+0.3 mg·L^-16-BA+2.0mg·L^-1NAA+0.1 mg·L^-1IBA适合筇竹的生根培养;m(河沙)∶m(珍珠岩)∶m(腐殖土)=1∶1∶2的基质为最佳移栽质量配比。     

温度、盐度对大银鱼胚胎发育的影响

大银鱼胚胎发育的温度、盐度生态幅较宽，适温范围为０．９～１．５２℃．孵化过程中昼夜温差不宜超出１～３℃。胚胎发育的盐度上限为１８％，仔鱼在４．３％以下可正常生活。