基于流变和电特性的豆浆凝固过程动力学解析

凝固工序是豆腐生产的关键工序,直接影响豆腐的品质和得率。凝固温度和凝固时间是影响凝固工序的2个关键因素。为了分析凝固温度和时间对豆浆凝固过程的影响,研究了豆浆在凝固过程中流变特性的在线检测方法,采用电阻抗图谱法和动态流变法检测豆浆在凝固过程中电特性和流变特性的变化,建立了不同凝固温度下电特性和流变特性的关系模型。结果表明,电阻抗图谱法和动态流变法均能分析豆浆的凝固过程,其过程由两段一级反应组成且符合连续一级反应模型;第1段反应速率随着温度的增加而增大,是第2段反应速率的10多倍;根据电阻率、弹性模量和黏性模量计算得到活化能分别为17.82、112.90、53.72 k J/mol,表明豆浆在凝固过程中流变特性的变化受温度的影响更大。电特性测量提供了豆浆在凝固过程中流变特性的在线检测方法。     

内燃机驱动常温烟雾机的电气特性

内燃机驱动常温烟雾机的轴流风机动力是由本系统内燃机驱动的直流发电机提供。为了确定电气系统的组成构件及其规格、技术参数，本项目在二相流喷雾试验台上进行了逐项及组合性能试验。掌握了各要素的工作原理、技术性能、匹配参数及合适的工况点，为设计、研制内燃机驱动常温烟雾机提供了依据。     

Different responses in bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity to soil deformation by logging machinery on a Ferralsol under native forest

Ferralsols have high structural stability, although structural degradation has been observed to result from forest to tillage or pasture conversion. An experimental series of forest skidder passes in an east Amazonian natural forest was performed for testing the effects of mechanical stress during selective logging operations on a clay‐rich Ferralsol under both dry and wet soil conditions. Distinct ruts formed up to 25 cm depth only under wet conditions. After nine passes the initially very low surface bulk density of between 0.69 and 0.80 g cm^?3 increased to 1.05 g cm^?3 in the wet soil and 0.92 g cm^?3 in the dry soil. Saturated hydraulic conductivities, initially >250 mm h^?1, declined to a minimum of around 10 mm h^?1 in the wet soil after the first pass, and in the dry soil more gradually after nine passes. The contrasting response of bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity is explained by exposure of subsoil material at the base of the ruts where macrostructure rapidly deteriorated under wet conditions. We attribute the resultant moderately high hydraulic conductivities to the formation of stable microaggregates with fine sand to coarse silt textures. We conclude that the topsoil macrostructure of Ferralsols is subject to similar deterioration to that of Luvisols in temperate zones. The stable microstructure prevents marked compaction and decrease in hydraulic conductivity under wetter and more plastic soil conditions. However, typical tropical storms may regularly exceed the infiltration capacity of the deformed soils. In the deeper ruts water may concentrate and cause surface run‐off, even in gently sloping areas. To avoid soil erosion, logging operations in sloping areas should therefore be restricted to dry soil conditions when rut formation is minimal.     

高等植物中的电信号研究进展

植物对外界刺激发生反应的过程中,往往会有多种信号共同作用。电信号的产生与植物的敏感性、植物的生理状态及刺激因子有关。已发现的电信号有动作电波,变异电波,复合电波,振荡电波及波中波等多种类型。电信号的传递途径及传递机制仍然存在争议。植物的多种生理效应与电信号的产生、传递有关。     

施用10%草甘膦水剂对土壤盐碱化的影响

通过室内盆栽模拟试验,研究了10%草甘膦水剂在5种浓度下对土壤盐碱化的影响。结果表明,施药后,土壤的盐碱度(用电导率表示),钠碱化度(ESP),钠吸附比(SAR),总碱度及pH值都明显增大,且随施药次数的增加,上述各项盐碱化指标都不断的增大。虽然土壤各项盐碱化指标的变化还在非盐渍土范围内,但有盐碱化的趋势。     

风景园林研究的跨界融合与量化革新——以香港大学城市环境与人类健康实验室为例

以香港大学城市环境与人类健康实验室这一新兴学术共同体作为研究切入点,使用文献综述与案例研究的方法深入探讨学术共同体在推动风景园林学科的发展和进步中扮演的关键角色。研究结果发现：该实验室在以往的风景园林学科内容、框架和知识体系基础上,运用新兴技术并结合定量的统计学方法,将城市环境与居民健康紧密相连,为快速城市化地区的环境和人类健康问题提供高效、精准、人文关怀且切实可行的解决方案,并极大地拓展了风景园林学科的研究领域;实验室的核心关注点在于城市感知：探究城市环境特征如何以及在何种程度上通过心理、生理等途径影响人类健康;在健康城市领域,这支先锋团队担任着理论研究、技术探索以及教育者的角色。     

电导法对11种常绿阔叶树种抗寒性的测定

以6年生11种常绿阔叶树种为试材,通过低温处理,用电导法测定叶片相对电导率。用Logistic曲线拟合求出拐点温度(即半致死温度)(tL50),作为各试材抗寒力评价的参考指标,并将11种常绿阔叶树种的半致死温度(tL50)进行比较。结果表明:11种试材抗寒性顺序依次为:北海道黄杨>大叶黄杨>刺桂>石楠>光叶石楠>爬行卫矛>扶芳藤>日本女贞>红叶石楠>桂花>女贞。     

南方某矿区土壤镉污染及作物健康风险研究

为了评估南方某县土壤镉污染情况、量化当地不同作物镉含量并对不同人群健康风险进行评估,从该县3个镇采集135份土壤样本,入户采集128份自产大米样本,种植区采集7份脐橙样本,对其中镉含量进行测定。结果表明,3镇采集土壤样品镉超标率分别为41.67%、28.81%和21.62%,地累积指数计算得到该县68.9%的土壤样本受到不同程度的镉污染,大米镉含量超标率分别为48.57%、34.48%、8.82%。而脐橙果肉样品中镉含量较低,远低于0.05 mg·kg^-1。计算不同作物的危害商数（HQ）可得,食用自产大米的危害商数（HQ）值普遍大于1,风险较高,而食用脐橙果肉产生的健康风险低。种植脐橙具有一定的经济效益,且当地具有脐橙适宜的生长条件,故考虑在重污染区种植脐橙取代种植水稻。     

Effects of cardiac contractility modulation on ventricular electrical remodeling in rabbits with chronic heart failure

AIM: To investigate the effects of cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) on ventricular electrical remodeling in a rabbit model of chronic heart failure. METHODS: The rabbits were divided into sham group, heart failure(HF) group and HF+ CCM group. The rabbit model of chronic heart failure was established by ligating the ascending aortic root. Then electrical stimulations during the absolute refractory period were delivered lasting 6 h everyday for 4 weeks in rabbits of HF+ CCM group. The QTc and ventricular effective refrective period (VERP) were recorded. The protein and mRNA levels of Kv1.4, Kv4.3 and connexin 43 (Cx43) were determined by Western blot and RT-qPCR. RESULTS: Compared with sham group, QTc were significantly prolonged in HF rabbits at week 12 (P<0.05). CCM therapy shortened QTc of rabbits with heart failure at week 16 (P<0.05). Compared with sham group, VERP significantly increased in HF group and HF+ CCM group, while CCM therapy shortened VERP of rabbits with heart failure at week 16 (P<0.05). Compared with sham group, the mRNA and protein levels of Kv1.4, Kv4.3 and Cx43 were decreased in HF group and HF+ CCM group (P<0.05). However, CCM therapy restored the mRNA and protein levels of Kv1.4, Kv4.3 and Cx43 of rabbits with heart failure (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: CCM suppresses ventricular electrical remodeling in heart failure and the underlying mechanism may be associated with increasing Kv1.4, Kv4.3 and Cx43 expression.     

Abnormal development of genital organs in offspring male mice exposed to finasteride during pregnancy

AIM: To investigate the effects of finasteride exposure during pregnancy on the development of reproductive organs in offspring male mice. METHODS: CD-1 mice were treated with finasteride from 0 to 17 d after conception. The development of reproductive organs in the offspring male mice were observed by macroscopy, anatomical analysis and histological staining. The spermatogenesis was analyzed by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS: Macroscopic observation showed that fenasteride exposure during pregnancy resulted in external genital malformations in the offspring male mice, which were manifested as incomplete scrotal fusion and penile malformation. In addition, the anogenital distance was significantly shortened (P<0.01). Histological staining showed that the length of penis at each stage was significantly shortened (P<0.01), the density of seminiferous tubules in testis and mature spermatozoa in seminiferous tubules were significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the luminal space size of seminiferous tubules and interstitial space size of testises were significantly increased (P<0.01). Immunofluorescence staining showed that the densities of Sertoli cells, Leydig cells and spermatogonium in testis were significantly reduced (P<0.01), and the fluorescence intensity of caspase-3 in spermatogenic tubule cells was increased significantly (P<0.01). However, the fluorescence intensity of Ki67 and desert hedgehog (Dhh) was decreased significantly (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Finasteride exposure during pregnancy results in abnormal development of reproductive organs in offspring male mice and affects spermatogenesis.