基于地统计方法的山西省森林木本层生物量及碳密度空间分布格局研究

笔者利用经典统计和地统计分析方法,研究了山西省森林木本层生物量和碳密度的变异性及空间分布格局。结果表明,山西省森林乔木层和灌木层生物量平均值分别为60.26t/hm^2和3.22t/hm^2,木本层的碳密度平均值为31.42t/hm^2.灌木层生物量为强变异,乔木层生物量、木本层地上生物量和碳密度均为中等变异水平。乔木层生物量、灌木层生物量、地上生物量的最优半变异函数模型均为指数模型,碳密度为圆形模型;普通克里格差值的空间预测模型拟合效果较好。     

马尾松幼苗光合产物的运输与分配特征

【目的】解析光合产物在马尾松幼苗植株中的运输和分配规律,揭示马尾松生产力形成过程,为探讨不同环境干扰下马尾松光合产物分配过程的变化提供参考依据。【方法】采用 13 C同位素脉冲标记法,对1.5年生马尾松幼苗进行标记,标记结束后第0、2、5、17、24、72、120、168、216和 360 h ,按不同部位对马尾松幼苗进行全收获取样,测定 13 C含量,以监测近期合成的光合产物在马尾松幼苗中的运输和分配规律,同时测定光合产物全碳、非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)在各个器官的积累量。【结果】1)标记的光合产物在针叶中合成后,向各库器官的运输量随着时间延长由多逐渐减少,具体表现为标记结束后0~24 h内最多,24~216 h逐渐减少,216 h之后运输完成,且59%以上标记的光合产物在0~24 h内运输到各库器官。2)光合产物运输趋于稳定后,在各器官的分配大小依次为1年生叶>当年生叶>根>茎干>1年生枝>当年生枝,与生物量的分配大小一致,但与库活力大小不同,其库活力依次为当年生叶>当年生枝>1年生叶>根>1年生枝>茎干。3)各器官全碳和NSC积累量的分配与近期合成光合产物的分配大小一致,依次为1年生叶>当年生叶>根>茎干>1年生枝>当年生枝。【结论】马尾松幼苗光合产物运输速率大于0.1 m ·h -1 ,59%以上标记的光合产物在合成后的0~ 24 h 内完成向各个库器官输出。新合成的光合产物在各器官中的积累量表现为功能器官(叶和根)居多,这一分配规律有利于马尾松幼苗阶段的生长。     

黄脊竹蝗空间格局及抽样技术的初步研究

本文采用聚集度指标法和回归分析法，对黄脊竹蝗在林间的空间格局进行测定，并采用刀切法给出了聚集度指标的估计区间，3次设计最优拟合提高了回归模型参数的精度；结果表明，黄脊竹蝗在林间为聚集分布，分布的基本成分是个体群。     

中国红树林资源与保护

系统回顾了中国红树林40a来主要研究成果，分析了我国红树林树种、资源分布；各省（区）红树林资源概况；全国红树林资源保护现状及存在的问题；提出了保护与利用红树林资源的若干建议。     

家具产业的发展与绿色思维

以全球性可持续发展的战略思想为背景，就与家具产业发展相关的绿色产品设计与开发、生态工艺的应用，以及绿色消费观等进行了探讨，提出了可持续发展的产品开发方向，工艺技术路线，以及家具消费文化等新观念。     

Dynamic emulation of the effect from a single tree to lower solar radiation distribution

By modeling the condition of light climate, we studied the negative effect of shadows in a shelterbelt forest. Based on the calculation of the apparent trajectory of solar motion according to an ellipsoid crown projection model and a Monsi light transmission model, radiation values of 36 experimental sites were measured using a light quantum meter. Estimates of daily solar radiation distribution from measured values were obtained. We built a crown projection model and simulated the conditions of a light climate in the forest. The trajectory of the shadow motion is shaped like a butterfly arc. The situation of the outside is affected by tree height (H) and that of the inner arc by height below the branches. In an area of 1.0 × H (toward the east and west of the tree) and 0.6 × H (toward the north), transmittance was below 90%, which means that the effect of shadow hazards occurs in this area. As well, the effect was strong at the bottom of the tree. The area of shadow hazards in the east and west of the tree was large and small in the south. The projection area of the shelterbelt forest was largest along an east and west direction. A certain distance between crops and the shelterbelt should be maintained when the shelterbelt is in a north-south direction. Therefore, the effect of shadow hazard will decrease north of the tropic of cancer. Cutting out the lower branches from the trees of the existing shelterbelt in a suitable and timely manner can reduce the area of the shadows. __________ Translated from Journal of Northwest A&F University, 2008, 36(6): 113–118 [译自: 西北农林科技大学学报]     

Active root distribution pattern of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hevea brasiliensis</Emphasis> determined by radioassay of latex serum

The active root distribution pattern of mature rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) up to a lateral distance of 250 cm from the tree and to a soil depth of 90 cm was studied in an oxisol by employing ³²P soil injection technique in Kerala, the state which accounts for 83% of rubber cultivation in India. The trees were aged 18 years and grown at a spacing of 4.9 × 4.9 m. The extent of absorption of applied ³²P by the tree from various placements was assessed by radio assay of leaf and latex serum. Latex serum registered higher counts and variability was less compared to leaf indicating the suitability of latex serum as a potential source for radio assay for ³²P studies in rubber. The results revealed that rubber is a surface feeder with 55% of the root activity confining to the top 10 cm of soil layer. Root activity declined with increasing depths and the concentration of physiologically active roots at 90 cm depth was only 6%. A more or less uniform distribution of root activity was noticed with respect to lateral distance indicating more extensive spread of lateral roots. Concentration of physiologically active roots in the surface layer suggests the possibility for competition under intercropped situation in mature plantations.     

云南大围山自然保护区两类国家级保护植物的比较及其特点分析

云南大围山自然保护区内有国家重点保护野生植物48种,其中一级16种,二级32种,隶属26科39属,国家珍稀濒危保护植物50种,其中一级2种,二级20种,三级28种．从保护级剐、生活型、果型、物候期方面对这两类保护植物进行了比较,并从数量、分布、古老性、生境及经济价值方面分析了其特点．     

Bt杀虫蛋白在分月扇舟蛾体内的分布

分月扇舟蛾幼虫取食转蜘蛛杀虫肽与Bt毒蛋白C肽基因小黑杨后,Bt杀虫蛋白在其中肠、血淋巴、马氏管中含量比较高;而先饲喂转蜘蛛杀虫肽与Bt毒蛋白C肽基因小黑杨4d,再饲喂非转基因小黑杨后,其所繁育的蛹、成虫、卵、幼虫中均不合有Bt杀虫蛋白。     

大亮子河国家森林公园典型植物群落物种组成与结构调查

采用典型取样的方法,对大亮子河国家森林公园内9个主要森林类型植被群落的物种多样性进行了调查。结果表明：9种典型森林植被类型的空间分布结构特征明显,从主要乔木树种的空间聚集分布上可以看出,不同物种对生境具有不同的要求,它们的分布与生境紧密关联,以典型森林群落类型的垂直分布结构规律性突出。