水稻早熟品种分蘖生产力的初步分析──Ⅶ．不同插秧期的分蘖生产力

本研究着重探讨了旱育稀植栽培技术中，早插壮秧这一基干措施。设置了从５月１５日至６月４日每隔５ｄ插秧的５种不同插秧期的处理。试验结果表明，北方寒冷稻作区，过早插秧虽然千粒重和稳粒数增多，但由于低温寒潮对于移栽伤影响严重，造成决定穗数的低节位分蘖过少，不易获得高产。插秧过晚，气温高，缓苗快，低节位分蘖多，单位面积有效穗数增加，但营养生长期延迟，千粒重和穗粒数明显降低，不易争取稳产。所以早播壮秧应该是避开低温寒潮的适时早插。     

放线菌对番茄灰霉病和早疫病的拮抗作用研究

在室内对峙培养的基础上,对接种放线菌F的盆栽番茄植株接种早疫病A1、灰霉病菌B1进行田间抗性鉴定.结果表明:F菌株对2种靶标真菌均有一定的抑制作用.接种F A1、F B1的番茄植株,病情指数要明显低于对照,差异极显著.接种放线茵表现为不同程度的发病症状,且生长势差.接种生防菌真菌F对番茄PPO、POD具有一定诱导作用,在"放线菌-病原菌"双菌体系中对番茄叶片MDA含量有明显的抑制作用,双茵处理的番茄叶片、茎MDA含量明显低于单接番茄病原菌处理.     

Transmission of classical swine fever virus within herds during the 1997-1998 epidemic in The Netherlands

In this paper, we describe the transmission of Classical Swine Fever virus (CSF virus) within herds during the 1997–1998 epidemic in the Netherlands. In seven herds where the infection started among individually housed breeding stock, all breeding pigs had been tested for antibodies to CSF virus shortly before depopulation. Based upon these data, the transmission of CSF virus between pigs was described as exponential growth in time with a parameter r, that was estimated at 0.108 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.060–0.156). The accompanying per-generation transmission (expressed as the basic reproduction ratio, R₀) was estimated at 2.9. Based upon this characterisation, a calculation method was derived with which serological findings at depopulation can be used to calculate the period in which the virus was with a certain probability introduced into that breeding stock. This model was used to estimate the period when the virus had been introduced into 34 herds where the infection started in the breeding section. Of these herds, only a single contact with a herd previously infected had been traced. However, in contrast with the seven previously mentioned herds, only a sample of the breeding pigs had been tested before depopulation (as was the common procedure during the epidemic). The observed number of days between the single contact with an infected herd and the day of sampling of these 34 herds fitted well in the model. Thus, we concluded that the model and transmission parameter was in agreement with the transmission between breeding pigs in these herds.

Because of the limited sample size and because it was usually unknown in which specific pen the infection started, we were unable to estimate transmission parameters for weaned piglets and finishing pigs from the data collected during the epidemic. However, from the results of controlled experiments in which R₀ was estimated as 81 between weaned piglets and 14 between heavy finishing pigs (Laevens et al., 1998a. Vet. Quart. 20, 41–45; Laevens et al., 1999. Ph.D. Thesis), we constructed a simple model to describe the transmission of CSF virus in compartments (rooms) housing finishing pigs and weaned piglets. From the number of pens per compartment, the number of pigs per pen, the numbers of pigs tested for antibodies to CSF virus and the distribution of the seropositive pigs in the compartment, this model gives again a period in which the virus most probably entered the herd. Using the findings in 41 herds where the infection started in the section of the finishers or weaned piglets of the age of 8 weeks or older, and of which only a single contact with a herd previously infected was known, there was no reason to reject the model. Thus, we concluded that the transmission between weaned piglets and finishing pigs during the epidemic was not significantly different from the transmission observed in the experiments.     

"中华红又亮"对断奶仔猪的饲喂效果试验

试验选用体重约8kg的三元杂交猪(杜×长×大)60头,随机分成3组,每组2个重复,分别饲喂含不同剂量"中华红又亮"的饲粮,研究"中华红又亮"对仔猪生产性能、肤色的影响.结果表明,以"中华红又亮"取代饲粮中部分硫酸亚铁,可显著提高仔猪平均日增重(P＜0.05),显著降低料重比(P＜0.05),明显改善仔猪肤色.根据试验效果,仔猪饲粮中"中华红又亮"的添加浓度宜为3.0x10-.4 6.0x10-4.     

The Preliminary Study on Juvenile-Mature Correlation of Pinus Koraiensis

IntroductionWoodisveryimportantfinaIproductinforestman-agement,andimprovingwoodproductandquaIityarecommongoaIinmostbreedingsystems.EarlyselectionfortreegrowthnotonIyprovideexceIIentnurserystorematerialforplantinghighyieIdforest,butaIsopossibIyimproveselec…     

仔猪日常饲养管理与健康管护

通过仔猪的生理特点就哺乳仔猪和断奶仔猪饲养管理与健康管护方面谈谈具体做法,还针对仔猪急病防治和饲养人员管理做了简单的介绍。     

仔猪出生后的不同时间开始饲喂外源PIgG对其吸收的影响

选择２８头自然分娩、出生重１～１．５ｋｇ的大白猪（）×内蒙黑猪（♀）杂交Ｆ１代新生仔猪，于出生后的不同时间开始饲喂一定浓度的外源ＰｌｇＧ后对其吸收的影响进行了研究。结果表明，仔猪出生后在瓶哺条件下，把开始饲喂外源ＰＩｇＧ的时间推迟１８ｈ并不影响４８ｈ血清中的ＩｇＧ含量（ｐ＞０．８６）。     

The preliminary study on juvenile-mature correlation ofPinus koraiensis

Through studying seven analytic trees from two stands ofPinus koraiensis artificial forests, the results show that the individual variation coefficient of tree heigh, dbh and volume decreases with age increasing after age of 25. Age of 25 is the age that difference of individual growth is from acute difference to comparatively stability. The optimum selection age is 25a forPinus koraiensis’s artificial forests according to the analysis of juvenile-mature correlation, and early selection efficiency. (Responsible Editor: Zhu Hong)     

海滨锦葵块根粉和酶制剂对断奶仔猪生长和免疫的影响

以断奶仔猪为试验对象,探讨海滨锦葵块根粉和酶制剂对断奶仔猪生长和免疫的影响。64头28日龄断奶仔猪随机分为4组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别饲喂基础日粮添加0．02％复合酶制剂、0．50％和1．00％海滨锦葵块根粉。试验期28d。结果表明,酶制荆和海滨锦葵块根粉对断奶仔猪的日采食量和日增重有提高趋势,但差异不显著（P〉0．05）;与对照组相比,酶制剂和海滨锦葵块根粉对断奶仔猪血清中溶菌酶活性无显著影响（P〉0．05）;有降低血清中TNF-Ⅱ含量的趋势,但差异不显著（P〉0．05）;与对照组相比,酶制剂可以显著降低IL-6含量（P〈0．05）,海滨锦葵块根粉也降低了IL6含量,但差异不显著（P〉0．05）;与对照组相比,酶制剂组、0．50％和1．00％的海滨锦葵块根粉组的猪瘟疫苗抗体效价分别提高了15．27％（P〉0．05）、18．18％（P〉0．05）和5I．64％（P〈0．05）。结果提示,酶制剂与海滨锦葵块根粉对断奶仔猪生长性能有提高趋势,同时也可以提高断奶仔猪的机体免疫力。     

加减四君子汤对仔猪免疫机能及生产性能的影响

将72头（16.56±0.37）kg长大二元猪随机分为对照组、加减四君子汤组、抗生素组,每组4个重复,每个重复6头（公母各半）。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1组在基础日粮中添加中草药加减四君子汤,试验2组基础日粮中添加抗生素和高铜,于试验的第14天和第30天分别称重和采血,测定仔猪的生长性能、免疫指标和生理生化指标。结果显示,在试验第一阶段,中草药加减四君子汤组的平均日增重显著低于抗生素组（P〈0.05）,日粮粗蛋白质消化率极显著低于抗生素组（P〈0.01）,料肉比显著高于抗生素组（P〈0.05）,中草药加减四君子汤组的平均日增重、日粮粗蛋白质的消化率、料肉比与对照组相比差异不显著（P〉0.05）;而在试验第二阶段,中草药加减四君子汤组日增重和料肉比与抗生素组差异不显著（P〉0.05）,显著优于对照组（P〉0.05）;中草药加减四君子汤组粗蛋白质消化率显著低于抗生素组（P〈0.05）,与对照组相比差异不显著（P〉0.05）;中草药加减四君子汤组淋巴细胞ANAE阳性率在试验的两个阶段均显著高于抗生素组和对照组（P〈0.05）,对照组和抗生素组差异不显著;淋巴细胞转化率LTT（PHA）在第一阶段3个处理组之间差异不显著（P〉0.05）,在第二阶段中草药加减四君子汤极显著高于抗生素组和对照组（P〈0.01）,而对照组和抗生素组之间差异不显著（P〉0.05）;血清生化指标各处理组在整个试验期间差异均不显著（P〉0.05）。该结果表明,加减四君子汤具有明显的促生长作用,可提高断奶仔猪免疫力,增强机体抗病力,在猪饲料中添加一定剂量的加减四君子汤对动物健康无不良影响。