CeO2添加比例对Fe基催化剂催化纤维素气化制氢的影响

为研究CeO2添加对生物质催化气化制氢特性的影响,该研究采用分级气化系统分析了不同CeO2/Fe2O3比例（Ce∶Fe摩尔比为0∶1、3∶7、5∶5、7∶3、1∶0）双金属催化剂对纤维素水蒸气催化重整制氢气体产物产量、组成以及催化剂的结构演变特性的影响。结果表明,CeO2/Fe2O3催化剂在制氢反应中的催化性能明显优于纯CeO2或Fe2O3催化剂,当Ce∶Fe摩尔比为3∶7时,在800℃下氢气的最大产率为21.63 mmol/g（以纤维素计,下同）;当温度大于等于800℃时,催化剂氧化还原反应后可生成CeFeO3,且CeFeO3的存在对纤维素水蒸气气化过程有促进作用。CeO2的引入提高了催化剂的氧化性能和稳定性,提高了使用寿命。该研究对生物质气化机制的深入理解具有一定的指导意义。     

SiO2纳米颗粒对杉木幼苗生长发育的影响

【目的】近年来,硅对于的植物影响受到人们广泛关注,人们试图将硅确定为植物生长发育的的“必要元素”。因此如何提高植物对硅的吸收利用来增加植物的农艺性状和产量,是当前农业和林业研究的一个重要课题。【方法】以黄枝杉Cunninghamia lanceolata和罗田垂枝杉C.lanceolata var.luotian为材料,采用盆栽的方式,研究施加不同浓度的纳米SiO2颗粒(0、1、2、4 g/盆)对杉木幼苗光合参数、叶绿素荧光、叶片厚度、氮磷钾含量及其分配、生物量累积的影响。【结果】本研究结果显示,SiO2纳米颗粒对杉木根系的生长发育有很大的促进作用,使之能更好的吸收养分,加强了氮磷钾含量的累积。且叶片的厚度也有所增加,在较低的浓度下,气孔导度、光合作用机制、以及光合作用效率增加;地上的生物量也随着施入SiO2纳米颗粒浓度的增加而增加。【结论】我们的实验表明,SiO2纳米颗粒通过促进根系发育加强对营养的吸收和提升叶片厚度,以及提高净光合速率和气孔导度来提高植物的生长机理,进而增加植物的生物量来提升产量。鉴于其对植物生长发育及产量的多种积极影响,硅纳米材料将会为农林植物增产有重要的影响和广阔的前景。     

酸藤果的营养和色素的研究

研究了酸藤果(E.laeta)的营养价值及pH值、温度、紫外光、食品添加剂等对酸藤果色素的影响。认为酸藤果富含营养,而且是一种很有开发前途的天然植物色素资源。     

CO2与养分交互作用对番茄幼苗形态的影响

在营养液栽培条件下,以番茄品种合作906为材料,研究了不同CO2浓度及养分供应强度对番茄幼苗株高和茎粗的影响,并对番茄幼苗的株高、茎粗等主要形态指标进行了测定,定量分析了番茄幼苗株高与茎粗的关系。结果表明,番茄幼苗株高与茎粗表现为对数函数关系;CO2在促进株高增加的同时也促进番茄幼苗茎粗的生长,而且在1/2山崎番茄营养液处理中,能增加番茄幼苗株高与茎粗的比值,在1/4、1/8、1/16山崎番茄营养液中CO2则进一步降低株高与茎粗的比值,说明CO2施肥要结合高强度肥料供应才能育出健壮的番茄苗。     

AsKC11, a Kunitz Peptide from Anemonia sulcata,Is a Novel Activator of G Protein-Coupled Inward-Rectifier Potassium Channels

(1) Background: G protein-coupled inward-rectifier potassium (GIRK) channels, especially neuronal GIRK1/2 channels, have been the focus of intense research interest for developing drugs against brain diseases. In this context, venom peptides that selectively activate GIRK channels can be seen as a new source for drug development. Here, we report on the identification and electrophysiological characterization of a novel activator of GIRK1/2 channels, AsKC11, found in the venom of the sea anemone Anemonia sulcata. (2) Methods: AsKC11 was purified from the sea anemone venom by reverse-phase chromatography and the sequence was identified by mass spectrometry. Using the two-electrode voltage-clamp technique, the activity of AsKC11 on GIRK1/2 channels was studied and its selectivity for other potassium channels was investigated. (3) Results: AsKC11, a Kunitz peptide found in the venom of A. sulcata, is the first peptide shown to directly activate neuronal GIRK1/2 channels independent from Gi/o protein activity, without affecting the inward-rectifier potassium channel (IRK1) and with only a minor effect on K_V1.6 channels. Thus, AsKC11 is a novel activator of GIRK channels resulting in larger K⁺ currents because of an increased chord conductance. (4) Conclusions: These discoveries provide new insights into a novel class of GIRK activators.     

Chitosan-Based Films with 2-Aminothiophene Derivative: Formulation,Characterization and Potential Antifungal Activity

In this study, films of chitosan and 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carbonitrile (6CN), a 2-aminothiophene derivative with great pharmacological potential, were prepared as a system for a topical formulation. 6CN-chitosan films were characterized by physicochemical analyses, such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Additionally, the antifungal potential of the films was evaluated in vitro against three species of Candida (C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis). The results of the FTIR and thermal analysis showed the incorporation of 6CN in the polymer matrix. In the diffractogram, the 6CN-chitosan films exhibited diffraction halos that were characteristic of amorphous structures, while the micrographs showed that 6CN particles were dispersed in the chitosan matrix, exhibiting pores and cracks on the film surface. In addition, the results of antifungal investigation demonstrated that 6CN-chitosan films were effective against Candida species showing potential for application as a new antifungal drug.     

Effect of Fucoidan on the Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (ΔΨm) of Leukocytes from Patients with Active COVID-19 and Subjects That Recovered from SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Fucoidan is a polysaccharide obtained from marine brown algae, with anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and immune-enhancing properties, thus, fucoidan may be used as an alternative treatment (complementary to prescribed medical therapy) for COVID-19 recovery. This work aimed to determine the ex-vivo effects of treatment with fucoidan (20 µg/mL) on mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm, using a cationic cyanine dye, 3,3′-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide (DiOC₆(3)) on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (HPBMC) isolated from healthy control (HC) subjects, COVID-19 patients (C-19), and subjects that recently recovered from COVID-19 (R1, 40 ± 13 days after infection). In addition, ex-vivo treatment with fucoidan (20 and 50 µg/mL) was evaluated on ΔΨm loss induced by carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP, 150 µM) in HPBMC isolated from healthy subjects (H) and recovered subjects at 11 months post-COVID-19 (R2, 335 ± 20 days after infection). Data indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces HPBMC loss of ΔΨm, even 11 months after infection, however, fucoidan promotes recovery of ΔΨm in PBMCs from COVID-19 recovered subjects. Therefore, fucoidan may be a potential treatment to diminish long-term sequelae from COVID-19, using mitochondria as a therapeutic target for the recovery of cellular homeostasis.     

大米中风味物质的形成与变化

为了研究大米中风味物质的形成与变化,本研究归纳了大米中主要风味物质的组成,分析了生长因素、遗传因素对风味物质形成的影响以及在储藏中挥发物含量的变化,并对大米释放香味的方式进行探讨,阐述了大米中的风味物质从来源、积累到释放的全过程。在风味物质形成的过程中,一些挥发性化合物产生的条件并未明确,且对大米遗传因素研究方面还较不全面。目前对于香气物质2-乙酰基-1-吡咯啉(2-AP)的研究较广泛,而其他物质的遗传因素不全面。     

CO2浓度倍增下毛竹光合作用对光照强度的季节响应

采用Li-6400测定了在短期CO2浓度倍增下毛竹光合作用对光照强度的季节响应,并对比同一测定毛竹在相同时期大气CO2浓度下的光响应曲线特征,结果表明:CO2浓度的增加促使毛竹最大净光合速率和光饱和点升高,光补偿点下降,而对光合量子效率的影响因季节而异,在夏、秋两季光合量子效率升高,冬季持平,春季降低,但全年来看还是具有促进作用;在相同的光照强度下,CO2浓度的倍增会使毛竹的净光合速率和水分利用率升高,而蒸腾速率和暗呼吸速率下降。CO2浓度倍增后,各光合生理特征参数的季节变化基本和大气CO2浓度下的季节变化相同,均与毛竹叶片的生理活性密切相关;而在不同季节,毛竹对CO2浓度升高的响应差异性是造成季节变化规律稍有不同的主要原因之一,证实了植物对短期CO2浓度升高的光合生理响应行为。