A case-control study of Washington dairy herds experiencing drug residue violations in market calves

The purpose of this case-control study was to examine the association between management practices and the occurrence of violative drug residues in calves originating from Washington dairies. In 1992, 74 dairies were identified as first-time offenders sending to abattoirs calves less than 1 week of age that had violative residue levels. Of these, 56 answered a subset of previously validated management questions from the 1991–1992 US National Animal Health Monitoring System National Dairy Heifer Evaluation Program (NDHEP) study during a violation investigation and comprised the case group. The controls were the 51 randomly selected Washington dairies that participated in the NDHEP, completed the four NDHEP questionnaires, and had not been identified as having residue violations. Management factors investigated were those associated with maternity and pre-weaning hygiene, vaccination and preventive practices, type and management of liquid calf feed, and general management. Other factors included herd somatic cell count (SCC), the presence of clinical signs associated with diseases of body systems, and herd size. Significant associations were detected between violation occurrence and the management of calving cows, colostrum volume and management, and the person responsible for calf care. Significant associations but of the wrong direction were found between violation occurrence and type and management of liquid calf feed. No significant associations were detected between violation occurrence and the remaining management factors, herd size, animals entering the herd, or SCC.     

Analyzing clinical characteristic of miR-196b in human colorectal cancer using TCGA and effect of miR-196b on 5-FU resistance of CRC cell line

AIM: To investigate the clinical characteristics of microRNA (miR)-196b in colorectal cancer (CRC) and to study its biological function in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance. METHODS: miRNA sequence dataset and the corresponding clinical data of CRC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Expression level and clinical characteristics of miR-196b in CRC patients were analyzed using SPSS 17.0. CRC cell line overexpres-sing miR-196b was established using transient transfection method. MTS test was used to evaluate the effect of miR-196b overexpression on 5-FU resistance. RESULTS: miR-196b expression was associated with lymph node metastasis and TNM stage (P<0.05), but not related with age and sex. Lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis were independent prognostic factors for rectal patients (P<0.05). The expression level of miR-196b was not associated with survival condition of rectal patients. The viability of the cells overexpressing miR-196b treated with different concentrations of 5-FU was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: miR-196b may be a potential biomarker of TNM stage and lymph node metastasis in CRC. miR-196b increases the 5-FU resistance of CRC cells.     

豫北地区猪源大肠杆菌耐药性及基因多态性分析

为了解豫北地区规模化养殖场猪源大肠杆菌的耐药性及基因多态性,对分离的21株猪源大肠杆菌进行药物敏感实验,采用PCR技术对其耐药基因进行检测,RAPD技术进行基因多态性分析。结果表明:豫北地区规模化养殖场分离的猪源性大肠杆菌菌株对常见16种抗生素存在不同情况的耐药性。其中对四环素、红霉素、麦迪霉素、阿莫西林、磺胺异恶唑、环丙沙星、新生霉素、复方新诺明、恩诺沙星、甲氧苄啶的耐药率均为100%,对庆大霉素、洛美沙星的耐药率为85%以上,对其他药物的耐药率相对较低;PCR检测得到8种耐药基因的条带;对菌株进行RAPD分析得到7种不同的基因型。大肠杆菌极易产生耐药性,耐药基因广泛存在于耐药菌株中,但耐药表型与耐药基因之间无绝对相关性。豫北地区猪源大肠杆菌感染多重耐药十分严重,严重影响了该地区猪源大肠杆菌病的诊治和预防。     

泰安及周边地区禽大肠杆菌分离鉴定及耐药分析

对泰安及周边地区鸡大肠杆菌病的流行情况和致病性大肠杆菌的耐药性状况进行了比较系统的调查分析：对25株鸡源性大肠杆菌进行了分离纯化、生化试验，同时对所分离的菌株进行了耐药性测定及β内酰胺药物耐药基因TEM的检测等研究。结果表明：大肠杆菌对多种抗生素均产生了耐药性，对β－内酰胺类药物的耐药性也相当严重，对在药敏试验中检测出对头孢菌素类药物不敏感的菌株进行TEM基因检测，发现这些菌株均含有耐β-内酰胺酶耐药基因，与Genebank上登录的其他耐β-内酰胺酶耐药基因序列的同源性达到97％以上，仅存在个别的碱基突变。通过研究以期探明地区鸡源性大肠杆菌病的流行情况和细菌的耐药现状．从而为有效控制鸡大肠杆菌病的发生流行提供可靠的理论依据，以便制订出较为科学合理的预防和治疗措施，以提高养殖效益。     

河西走廊地区犊牛腹泻致病性大肠杆菌分离鉴定、毒力因子及耐药性检测

[目的]为了分析河西走廊地区犊牛腹泻致病性大肠杆菌携带毒力基因和耐药性情况,[方法]2020—2021年在河西走廊地区采集患腹泻病犊牛的粪便、肛拭子及肝脏等病料组织279份,采用人工感染试验动物、PCR方法和K-B药敏纸片法分别检测犊牛腹泻性大肠杆菌致病性、毒力因子和耐药性。[结果]结果表明,分离得到了126株大肠杆菌,其中79株犊牛腹泻性大肠杆菌能引起小鼠死亡;分离的79株致病性大肠杆菌的毒力基因crl、irp2、fimH、papC、K88、K99、stx1、stx2检测率在40.5%～100%之间,其他毒力基因检测率在15.2%～34.2%之间;分离的79株致病性大肠杆菌对氨苄西林、阿莫西林、新霉素等8种药物的耐药率在49.4%～96.2%之间,对其他药物的耐药率在5.1%～32.9%之间。[结论]从河西走廊地区患腹泻病犊牛病料组织中分离得到79株致病性大肠杆菌,这些菌株携带多种毒力基因,对临床中常用的抗菌药物产生了耐药性。     

兽用化学药品注册检验中常见问题分析

从兽用化学药品的命名、红外鉴别、外观性状、有关物质等多个方面对近些年新兽药注册检验中常遇到的问题进行了总结分析,以期对申报企业的注册申请有所帮助。     

中药材资源培育应注意的几个问题

指出江西省中药材资源培育中存在的问题，介绍道地药材和GAP要求，提出江西省中药材GAP基地发展策略。     

奶牛隐性型乳房炎奶样中葡萄球菌的研究

从石河子地区某奶牛场100份临床健康牛乳样中分离出25株葡萄球菌,经过鉴定,确定为金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌和腐生葡萄球菌,并用纸片法进行了药敏试验。结果表明:金黄色葡萄球菌对恩诺杀星、阿莫西林等药物产生耐药,且对小白鼠致死率很高,而表皮葡萄球菌和腐生葡萄球菌对小白鼠致死率较低。     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌分离鉴定及药敏试验

从云南、山东16个鸭场有典型浆膜炎临床症状的病(死)鸭中分离到14株细菌,经形态、培养特性、生化特性、PCR等生物学特性鉴定,上述菌株均为鸭疫里默氏杆菌,型鉴定试验表明其中2株为RA-1型、4株为RA-2型,药敏试验表明山东分离株对头孢氨苄、痢特灵、链霉素、庆大霉素较敏感,云南分离株对氨苄青霉素、痢特灵、头孢氨苄较敏感。动物致病性试验显示RA-1、RA-1型分离菌株均可使健康鸭发病或死亡。     

Identification and drug resistance analysis of pathogenic bacteria in 121 patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis

AIM: To investigate the distribution and the antimicrobial resistance of the pathogenic bacteria from chronic bacterial prostatitis. METHODS: Prostatic fluid was collected under sterile condition and was inoculated for bacterial culture. Positive results of bacterial culture were identified by VITEK2 Compact. Drug sensitivity test was carried out with K-B method according to the recommendation of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI). WHONET 5.6 software was used to analyze the results of drug resistance. RESULTS: Bacteria were identified in 121 patients with chronic prostatitis, most of which were Staphylococcus aureus (29 strains, 23.9%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (23 strains, 19.0%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (18 strains, 14.9%). There were 93 strains of Gram-positive bacteria (76.8%), and Gram-negative bacteria were 28 strains (23.2%). The results of drug sensitivity test indicated that Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were susceptible to vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid, while they were resistant to gentamicin, erythromycin, clindamycin, cefoxitin, oxacillin and ciprofloxacin with the resistant rates from 7.1% to 78.4%. Escherichia coli were susceptible to imipenem, meropenem and ertapenem, while they were resistant to cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole with different resistant rates (14.5%~69.7%). CONCLUSION: The major pathogenic profile of chronic bacterial prostatitis was Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli . Drugs should be appropriately used on chronic bacterial prostatitis patients base on the results of culture and drug sensitivity test.