播种方式和行距对燕麦/饲用豌豆混播草地生产性能及种间关系的影响

为筛选出适宜于青藏高原高寒地区种植推广的播种方式及播种行距,本研究以燕麦(Avena sativa)和饲用豌豆(Pisum sativum)为试验材料,探求其在混播、间作及不同行距下的生产性能及种间竞争关系。结果表明：混播处理生产性能优于间作处理,30 cm处理优于其他行距。混播草地土地当量比均大于1,具有混播优势,混播草地中燕麦与饲用豌豆的种间相容性较好,两者间促进作用大于竞争作用,行距为30 cm与25 cm时,燕麦的竞争能力大于饲用豌豆。综合评价显示,青藏高原高寒地区燕麦/饲用豌豆混播行距30 cm时效果最佳,干草产量最高,适于建植应用。     

高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒HuN4株GP3单克隆抗体的制备及其抗原表位的鉴定

为制备抗高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(HP-PRRSV) GP3株的单克隆抗体(MAb),本研究将HP-PRRSV HuN4株免疫BALB/c小鼠,以该病毒感染的细胞及真核表达的GP3蛋白为检测抗原,经间接免疫荧光(IFA)筛选获得了一株稳定分泌MAb的细胞株,命名为4G5.抗体亚类鉴定重链类型为IgG1,轻链类型为K.该MAb细胞培养上清及腹水IFA效价分别为1∶256和1∶1 280.IFA结果显示,MAb 4G5能够识别CH-1R、JXA1-R、HP-PRRSV HuN4株及其疫苗株HuN4-F112,而不识别RespPRRS MLV病毒株.Western blot结果显示,4G5与HP-PRRSV HuN4株及原核表达的GP3蛋白均可以反应,表明其针对的抗原表位为线性表位,中和试验结果显示该MAb无中和活性.通过截短表达GP3蛋白鉴定该MAb抗原表位识别序列为74WCRIGHDRCS83.本研究获得的MAb为进一步研究HP-PRRSV GP3蛋白的结构及功能奠定了基础.     

应用双抗体夹心法ELISA检测IBDV的研究

从抗ＩＢＤＶ高免蛋黄液中提取ＩｇＧ，用作包被抗体和酶标记，建立了检测ＩＢＤＶ的双抗体夹心法ＥＬＩＳＡ。经抗原阻断，无关病毒对照、取代、验证等项试验，并与常规ＡＧＰ法比较，对来源不同的１００多个样品进行检测，结果表明：该法对患鸡腔上囊、脾脏的检出率均为１００％，比ＡＧＰ法敏感１００倍以上，用肉眼观察阳性与阴性之间颜色差异显著，不存在非特异性反应。试验证明该法具有满意的待异性、敏感性、快速性和稳定性，是ＩＢＤ早期病原学诊断和流行病学调查的有效手段。     

1型鹅星状病毒ORF2蛋白原核表达及其多克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

[目的] 利用原核表达系统表达1型鹅星状病毒（Goose astrovirus 1,GAstV-1）结构蛋白ORF2,并制备其多克隆抗体。[方法] 根据GAstV-1 TZ03株基因序列,对ORF2基因序列进行大肠杆菌密码子偏爱性优化和合成,将其克隆至原核表达载体pET-30a（+）,构建重组质粒pET-ORF2,转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）感受态细胞,IPTG诱导表达重组蛋白,通过SDS-PAGE和Western blotting鉴定重组蛋白;将鉴定正确的重组蛋白纯化后免疫家兔制备多克隆抗体,以间接免疫荧光试验鉴定多克隆抗体的特异性。[结果] 酶切和测序结果显示,成功获得重组质粒pET-ORF2;SDS-PAGE结果显示,表达的重组蛋白分子质量约为70 ku,主要以包涵体形式存在;Western blotting结果表明,该蛋白能与抗His标签鼠单克隆抗体发生特异性反应。间接ELISA检测制备的兔抗ORF2蛋白多克隆抗体效价达1：128 000;间接免疫荧光试验结果显示,制备的多克隆抗体能与GAstV-1发生特异性反应。[结论] 原核表达的GAstV-1 ORF2重组蛋白具有良好的免疫原性,制备的兔源多克隆抗体具有较高的效价和特异性,为研制GAstV-1相关诊断试剂奠定了基础。     

牛至油博落回口服液的研制及体外抑菌活性测定

【目的】 研制牛至油博落回口服液, 并测定其体外抑菌活性及其主要成分的联合抑菌效果, 为临床用药提供理论依据。【方法】 通过预试验和Box-Behnken响应面法优化处方; 采用高效液相色谱法测定口服液主要成分含量; 采用滤纸片法测定口服液对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和粪链球菌的抑菌圈直径; 采用试管二倍稀释法测定口服液、5%牛至油溶液及1%博落回溶液对4种细菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC); 采用微量棋盘稀释法对5%牛至油溶液与1%博落回溶液进行体外联合药敏试验。【结果】 牛至油博落回口服液最优配方为: 5%牛至油, 1%博落回提取物, 25%增溶剂聚氧乙烯(40)氢化蓖麻油, 0.02%抗氧化剂2, 6-二叔丁基对甲酚(BHT), 余量为水。口服液中香芹酚的含量为42.59 mg/mL, 血根碱含量为6.51 mg/mL。口服液对4种菌的抑菌圈直径分别为16.9、16.4、23.7和17.0 mm, MIC分别为3.125、3.125、1.5625和1.5625 μL/mL, MBC分别为12.5、6.25、3.125和3.125 μL/mL; 5%牛至油溶液对4种菌的MIC分别为25、12.5、6.25和100 μL/mL, MBC分别为100、50、25和>200 μL/mL; 1%博落回溶液对4种菌的MIC分别为6.25、12.5、3.125和6.25 μL/mL, MBC分别为50、25、6.25和25 μL/mL。联合药敏试验表明, 二者联合用药对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌起相加作用, 对金黄色葡萄球菌无作用, 对粪链球菌为协同作用。【结论】 试验制备了牛至油博落回口服溶液剂, 该制剂对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和粪链球菌具有良好抑制作用。     

Immune Responses to Intermediate Strain IBD Vaccine at Different Levels of Maternal Antibody in Broiler Chickens

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Seroprevalence of Ehrlichia canis, Ehrlichia equi, and Ehrlichia risticii in sick dogs from North Carolina and Virginia

Ehrlichia canis, E. equi, and E. risticii seroprevalence was determined by microimmunofluorescent antibody testing (IFA) in a sequential population of 1,845 sick dogs admitted during a 1-year period to the North Carolina State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. A seroreactor was defined by a reciprocal IFA titer of > or =80 to E. canis, E. equi, or E. risticii antigens. Of the 48 IFA seroreactors, 44 dogs were seroreactive to E. canis, 21 to E. equi, and 0 to E. risticii. Seventeen dogs reacted to both E. canis and E. equi antigens. There was concordance of E. canis IFA and western immunoblot (WI) test results for 36/44 dogs. Because of cross-reactivity of E. canis sera with E. equi antigens, WI was of less utility to confirm E. equi exposure. After elimination of E. canis seroreactors, there was concordance of 2/4 E. equi IFA and WI test results. Based upon a retrospective review of medical records, ehrlichiosis was diagnosed in 10/48 (21%) IFA seroreactive dogs, 9 of which were confirmed positive by WI. Of the remaining 38 IFA seroreactors, 29 also were confirmed by E. canis or E. equi WI. These results indicate that (1) ehrlichiosis was not diagnosed in the majority of serologically confirmed cases, (2) based upon E. canis and E. equi WI analysis, IFA testing was not specific (21% false positive), (3) E. canis sera cross-react with E. equi antigens, and (4) serologic evidence of E. risticii infection was lacking in the dog population studied.     

Isotype-specific antibodies in horses and dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia

Classes of antibody bound to erythrocytes were determined using direct immunofluorescence (DIF) flow cytometry in 3 horses and 12 dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA). Background levels of antibody binding were determined in samples from 12 horses and 12 dogs that were free of clinical disease. The range of nonspecific binding of a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-equine immunoglobulin G (IgG) was 19.9–36.7%, but was eliminated by the use of the F(ab)₂ fragment of FITC-conjugated goat anti-equine IgG. Background binding by other class-specific antibodies to equine and canine erythrocytes was negligible. The DIF results were compared to the direct antiglobulin (Coombs) test in 5 horses and 20 dogs with anemia. The former assay was more sensitive in dogs with IMHA than was the Coombs' test (100% versus 58%). In contrast, the Coombs' test had better specificity than the DIF assay (100% versus 87.5%, respectively). Using clinical parameters or response to therapy as the comparison, the positive and negative predictive values for the DIF test were 92% and 100% compared to the values of the Coombs' test of 100% and 62%. The DIF assay detected low levels of cells bound with antibody (<30%) in 5 dogs that were Coombs' test-negative. For both species, performance of the DIF test was independent of the prozone effect. Five dogs with IMHA had IgG and IgM on erythrocytes, 5 had IgG, and 2 had IgM. Three horses had surface-bound IgG, including a horse with suspected penicillin-induced IMHA, a foal with neonatal isoerythrolysis, and a foal with clostridial septicemia. The DIF method was valuable in monitoring the response to therapy in the foal with neonatal isoerythrolysis.     

Failure of young goats to acquire resistance to Haemonchus contortus

Two experiments were carried out to investigate the acquisition by goats of resistance to Haemonchus contortus. In Experiment 1, five Saanen wethers reared worm-free and averaging 51/2 months of age at the start of the experiment, were dosed with 200 H. contortus infective larvae three times per week for 10 weeks (approximately 23 infective larvae/kg mean initial liveweight/week) and then given anthelmintic treatment. Each goat and an equal number of worm-free controls were then challenged with 10,000 infective larvae. Post mortem worm counts were carried out 30 days later. In Experiment 2, eight worm-free Saanen wethers, 14 months old at the start of the experiment, were dosed with 825 infective larvae per week for 14 weeks (approximately 23 infective larvae/kg mean initial liveweight/week) except for one week when only 300 larvae were given and one week when no larvae were given. After anthelmintic treatment, each received, together with seven worm-free control animals, a challenge dose of 15,000 infective larvae. Post-mortem worm counts were carried out 28 days later. There were no significant dii- ferences in post-mortem worm counts between previously infected and uninfected groups in either experiment. In both experiments, serum pepsinogen values rose significantly as a result of infection but there was no significant (p>0.5) correlation between worm counts and pepsinogen values on the day of slaughter.