日粮精粗比对驴盲肠微生物纤维二糖酶活性的影响

为了研究不同纤维水平日粮对驴盲肠微生物纤维二糖酶活性的影响,设置3个不同精粗比饲料组(高纤维日粮组、常规日粮组和高淀粉日粮组)进行饲喂试验,测定驴盲肠微生物纤维二糖酶的活性。结果发现,与常规组相比,高纤维组和高淀粉组对驴盲肠微生物纤维二糖酶活性均有显著影响(P0.05)。     

中国大、中型驴种遗传多样性的微卫星分析

[目的]为分析我国大、中型驴品种遗传多样性。[方法]利用24个微卫星标记,对我国8个大、中型驴品种遗传多样性进行了检测。[结果]24个微卫星位点在8个驴品种中的多态信息含量除NVHEQ18为中度多态外,其余23个微卫星均为高度多态,8个驴种的平均PIC（0.6940）、H（0.7119）和E（3.94）,表明基因多态性和遗传多样性相对较高。[结论]这24个微卫星可作为有效的遗传标记用于各驴品种的遗传多样性和系统发生关系的分析。我国大、中型驴品种的分子系统发生关系与其育成史和地理分布基本一致。     

Pharmacokinetic Assessment of the Marker Active Metabolites 4-Methyl-amino-antipyrine and 4-Acetyl-amino-antipyrine After Intravenous and Intramuscular Injection of Metamizole (Dipyrone) in Healthy Donkeys

Metamizole (MT) is an analgesic and antipyretic drug labelled for use in humans, horses, cattle, swine, and dogs in some countries. Metamizole is rapidly hydrolyzed to the active primary metabolite 4-methyl-amino-antipyrine (MAA). MAA is formed in much larger amounts compared to other minor metabolites. Among the other secondary metabolites, 4-amino-antipyrine (AA) is also relatively active. The aim of this research was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profiles of MAA and AA after administration of 25 mg/kg MT by intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) routes in healthy donkeys. Six jennies were randomly allocated to two equally sized treatment groups according to a 2 × 2 crossover study. Blood was collected at predetermined times within 24 hours, and plasma was analyzed by a validated HPLC UV method. Plasma concentrations of MAA after IV and IM administrations of MT were detectable from 5 minutes to 10 hours in all the donkeys. Plasma concentrations of AA were detectable from 5 minutes to 8 hours, but in smaller amounts. C_max (P < .01), AUC_0-last, AUC_0-∞, AUMC_0-last, and MRT (P < .05) were statistically different between the IV and IM groups. The AUC_IM/AUC_IV ratio of MAA was 1.37. The AA concentrations were lower than those found for MAA. The AA plasma versus time curves profiles after the two routes of administration of MT were variable (within the groups) and different (between the groups). T_max, λz, and AUC_0-last were found to be statistically different between the groups (P < .05). The AUC_IM AA/AUC_IV AA ratio was 2.26.     

腹部术治疗新疆驴结肠骨盆曲阻塞疗效观察

采用腹部手术治疗新疆驴结肠骨盆曲阻塞,治疗结果手术驴术后不久便通气,腹围减小,体温、脉博、呼吸正常,术部切口无粘连现象,第2天开始食少量流质饲料,第6天开始食量增加,第20天后复查,病驴全身恢复正常。表明腹部术治疗新疆驴结肠骨盆曲阻塞是可行的。     

Piroplasmosis in Donkeys—A Hematological and Serological Study in Central Ethiopia

Working donkeys (n = 395) originating from three different districts of the Oromia region of Ethiopia were examined October 2009 and April 2010 for the prevalence of equine piroplasmosis between. Apart from hematological and serological examination, tick vectors were collected and determined. Intraerythrocytic stages of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi were detected in 12.2% and 1.8% of examined stained blood smears, respectively. The seroprevalence of T. equi and B. caballi was 55.7% and 13.2%, respectively. The majority of active infection coincided with anemia. Only 16 donkeys were infested with four species of hard ticks: Rhipicephalus turanicus, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi, Rhipicephalus pulchellus, and Amblyomma variegatum.     

The Effect of 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin on Post-Thaw Parameters of Cryopreserved Jack and Stallion Semen

Cyclodextrins improve post-thaw viability and motility of semen as well as mediate cholesterol efflux and subsequent acrosome reaction in spermatozoa from several species. The objectives of this study were: (a) to assess the effect of prefreeze addition of 60 mM hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) on post-thaw viability and motility of jack and stallion semen cryopreserved in ethylene glycol-based freezing extenders containing 5% or 20% (v/v) egg yolk (LEY and HEY, respectively), and (b) to evaluate the ability of 1 μM calcium ionophore A23187 and/or 60 mM β-CD to induce acrosome reaction in thawed jack and stallion spermatozoa. Post-thaw motility of spermatozoa cryopreserved in HEY was higher (P < .05) for jack but lower (P < .05) for stallion spermatozoa when compared with LEY. Jack and stallion spermatozoa both exhibited higher (P < .05) motility when cryopreserved in 60 mM β-CD than without β-CD. Curvilinear velocity was faster (P < .05) for jack and stallion spermatozoa cryopreserved in LEY than in HEY. A treatment × time interaction affected (P < .05) the proportion of spermatozoa that underwent acrosome reaction. Post-thaw incubation of jack and stallion spermatozoa with β-CD for 90 minutes induced acrosome reaction in 85% and 22% of viable sperm cells, respectively; however, only 32% of jack and 8% of stallion spermatozoa incubated with calcium ionophore underwent acrosome reaction. This study is the first to evaluate the effect of β-CD (not loaded with cholesterol) on jack semen cryopreservation, and results reveal that β-CD may be a useful tool to enhance semen cryopreservation and to induce post-thaw acrosome reaction in jack spermatozoa.     

Donkey dental anatomy. Part 2: Histological and scanning electron microscopic examinations

Ten normal cheek teeth (CT) were extracted at post mortem from donkeys that died or were euthanased for humane reasons. Decalcified histology was performed on three sections (sub-occlusal, mid-tooth and pre-apical) of each tooth, and undecalcified histology undertaken on sub-occlusal sections of the same teeth. The normal histological anatomy of primary, regular and irregular secondary dentine was found to be similar to that of the horse, with no tertiary dentine present. Undecalcified histology demonstrated the normal enamel histology, including the presence of enamel spindles. Scanning electron microscopy was performed on mid-tooth sections of five maxillary CT, five mandibular CT and two incisors. The ultrastructural anatomy of primary and secondary dentine, and equine enamel types-1, -2 and -3 (as described in horses) were identified in donkey teeth. Histological and ultrastructural donkey dental anatomy was found to be very similar to equine dental anatomy with only a few quantitative differences observed.     

The association analysis between Cytb polymorphism and growth traits in three Chinese donkey breeds

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of haplotypes in Cytb (Cytochrome b) gene on growth traits in three Chinese donkey breeds, Yunnan donkey (YN), Dezhou donkey (DZ) and Liangzhou donkey (LZ). The samples were genotyped for the Cytb gene by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP), and association analysis was conducted with growth traits. The results show that in most cases the effects of the gene on growth traits were not significant and that for the three different donkey breeds, the effects of the gene are different. For YN donkeys, there was a significant effect of the gene on the rump width (P < 0.05) and the effect of genotype AA was larger than that of BB genotype (1.6 cm and 5.4% of the trait mean in YN donkeys, P < 0.05). For DZ donkeys, the effect of gene on body height was significant (P < 0.05). The results also verify that the SSCPs are caused by two cytosine to thymine and one guanine to adenine transitions, corresponding to amino acid substitutions of leucine for proline (L ↔ P) and isoleucine for valine (I ↔ V).