中国家驴品种遗传多样性及母系起源研究

为了给中国家驴遗传资源的评价、保护和利用提供一些分子生物学基础,本研究通过自行设计引物,采用PCR-SSCP技术对中国家驴线粒体DNA( Mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)细胞色素b(Cytochrome b,Cytb)基因308bp片段序列的变异进行检测来探讨其遗传多样性和母系起源.发现了3种基因型,结合GenBank已公布的数据进行分析发现在中国家驴品种中共存在15个突变位点,17个单倍型,通过计算各群体的遗传多样性指数发现中国家驴的遗传多样性比较丰富.另外,还通过与两种非洲野驴的Cytb序列进行比对和网络聚类分析方法对所有家驴的样品进行了母系起源的研究,证明家驴起源于非洲的索马里驴和努比亚驴.     

A Comparative Study Evaluating Three Bioscaffold Augmentation Devices Used for Superficial Digital Flexor Tenorrhaphy in Donkeys (Equus Asinus) by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasonography

Little is known about using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in evaluating the healing properties of superficial digital flexor tenorrhaphy in equines. The present study was designed to carry out in vivo comparative evaluation of normal and repaired superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) in donkeys, based on MRI, ultrasonography, clinical and histopathological features. Eighteen clinically healthy donkeys were assigned for three treatment trials (n = 6) using three bioscaffold materials (bovine pericardium xenograft, tendon allograft, and allograft shielding by bovine pericardium), in addition to six healthy donkeys to serve as control group. Clinical signs for each animal were scored, and the sum of all clinical indexes was calculated. MRI and ultrasonographic examinations of each donkey were carried out at 45 and 90 days postoperatively in the three treated groups, and were compared with those in the control group. Both clinical and imaging characteristics were compared and statistically analyzed at each time point. The echogenicity (P < .0039), cross-sectional area (P < .0490), and fiber alignment (P < .0077) were different at 45 and 90 days postoperatively in the shielding group than in the other two groups, with no difference in the histological features in comparison with the control group, based on the median and range analysis at 90 days postoperatively. In conclusion, MRI and ultrasonography initiate a new paradigm in monitoring the healing progression and case prognosis of SDFT tenorrhaphy with the bioscaffold augmentation devices, either xenogenic or allogenic, which provided a good alternative technique and an accelerated SDFT healing with minimal adhesions in donkeys.     

Fluorescent in situ hybridization mapping of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene in donkey

The physical localization of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene was performed on donkey chromosomes. Bacterial artificial chromosome DNA containing the equine EGFR gene was used to map this gene by fluorescent in situ hybridization on donkey metaphase chromosomes. The gene was mapped on donkey 1q21.1 region.     

The Effects of Verapamil Hydrochloride on Electrocardiographic (ECG) Parameters of Domestic Donkey (Equus asinus)

Verapamil hydrochloride, a calcium channel blocker, has been used in domestic animals. Its effects on electrical activities of the heart of donkeys were studied in this preliminary research work. This experiment was carried out on 10 healthy donkeys ranging in age from 4 to 7 years and mean body weight of 155 ± 18.6 kg. The electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded on a base apex lead before (for 3 days), during, and after verapamil injection (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 minutes). Verapamil hydrochloride (0.3 mg/kg body weight) was given via catheterizaion as an intravenous bolus over 2 minutes. Heart rate, rhythm, ECG morphology, amplitude, durations, and intervals were measured and taken into consideration and values were compared. Results showed that heart rate was significantly increased at the time of injection from 55 ± 10.7 before injection to 77.61 ± 12.6 beats per minute after injection (P < .05). Duration of P and T waves; P-R interval, and also P-R segment were increased (P < .05). However, duration of QRS complex, P-P and R-R intervals, and S-T segment were significantly decreased after verapamil injection (P < .05). Sinus arrest (2 cases), bradycardia (1 case), and wandering pacemaker (1 case) were recorded before treatment and verapamil injection did not affect these arrhythmias, except in one case in which sinus arrest disappeared. However, after injection of verapamil, four types of arrhythmias (wandering pacemaker [WPM], sinus tachycardia, 1^st degree AVB, and 2^nd degree AVB) were recognized. These arrhythmias (with the exception of tachycardia) can be related to the increase of vagal tone activity that might be attributed to the negative effect of verapamil on SA and atrioventricular block [AV] nodes.     

乐都驴9项血液生理指标测定

对６８头乐都县本地驴的９项血液生理指标进行测定，结果：ＲＢＣ５．４３±０．８８×１０￣（１２）／Ｌ；ＨＢ１３２．４±１２．５ｇ／Ｌ；ＰＣＶ０．３８±０．０４Ｌ／Ｌ；ＭＣＨ２４．９８±４．１５ｐｇ；ＭＣＶ７１．０１±１１．４８ｆｌ；ＭＣＨＣ３５２．３６±２８．８９ｇ／Ｌ；ＷＢＣ１１．２１±２．５６×１０￣９／Ｌ；ＷＢＣ－ＤＣ中，嗜酸性白细胞１４．９９±６．９０％、嗜碱性白细胞０．０４±０．２１％、嗜中性白细胞４０．８７±９．８６％（内杆状核５．１６±３．９２％、分叶核３５．６６±９．７１％）、淋巴细胞４２．７６±１０．８１％、单核细胞１．２４±１．７６％；ＥＳＲ中，１５ｍｉｎ１１．６４±１５．６４ｍｍ、３０ｍｉｎ２３．７６±１９．５７ｍｍ，４５ｍｉｎ３１．８８±１９．２２ｍｍ，６０ｍｉｎ３５．３８±１８．８７ｍｍ。     

青海本地驴血清白蛋白及其多态性研究

采用折射计法和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法对８７匹青海本地驴血清白蛋白及其多态性进行了研究。结果表明：①青海本地驴血清白蛋白含量为３４．２９ｇ／Ｌ，占血清总蛋白的４６．６５％；②前白蛋白位点呈单态；③白蛋白位点有ＡＬＢＣＣ和ＡＬＢＣＤ两种表型，其ＡＬＢ￣Ｃ和ＡＬＢ￣Ｄ等位基因频率分别为０．８５６３和０．１４３７；④后白蛋白位点有ＰｏＡＡＡ，ＰｏＡＡＢ和ＰｏＡＢＢ三种表型，其ＰｏＡ￣Ａ和ＰｏＡ￣Ｂ等位基因频率分别为０．１１６３和０．８８３７。     

Guaifenesin-Ketamine-Xylazine Infusions to Provide Anesthesia in Donkeys

The purpose of this study was to determine a satisfactory combination of guaifenesin, ketamine, and xylazine (GKX) that would produce safe and satisfactory total intravenous anesthesia in donkeys for use under field conditions. Donkeys require higher amounts of ketamine in GKX to achieve satisfactory anesthetic levels without producing excessive depression with guaifenesin. Five adult standard donkeys (average weight, 264 kg) were anesthetized with 1.5 mg/mL ketamine, 0.5 mg/mL xylazine, 50 mg/mL guaifenesin (GKX-1); 2.0 mg/mL ketamine, 0.5 mg/mL xylazine, 50 mg/mL guaifenesin (GKX-2); or 2.0 mg/mL ketamine, 0.75 mg/mL xylazine, 50 mg/mL guaifenesin (GKX-3). For the first trial, two donkeys received GKX-1, two received GKX-2, and one received GKX-3. One donkey received GKX-1, one received GKX-2, and three received GKX-3 for the second trial. In the final trial, two received GKX-1, two received GKX-2, and one received GKX-3. Donkeys were sedated with xylazine (1.1 mg/kg body weight) intravenously, and anesthesia was induced using intravenous GKX-1, GKX-2, or GKX-3. Anesthesia was maintained for 45 minutes; temperature, respiration rate, heart rate, hemoglobin saturation, partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO₂), partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial gas (PaCO₂), and pH were measured. There was no significant difference between combinations for temperature, respiration rate, heart rate, hemoglobin saturation, PaCO₂, or pH. At 30 and 45 minutes, GKX-3 produced significantly (P < .05) lower PaO₂ values than GKX-1 and GKX-2. GKX-3 is not recommended for field use in donkeys because of respiratory depression (PaO₂= 48.7 [±5.84] and 46.0 ± 3.11 mmHg at 30 and 45 minutes, respectively), whereas more voluntary movement was apparent with GKX-1. GKX-2 produced satisfactory anesthesia without significant respiratory depression in donkeys and should produce safe and effective anesthesia in donkeys under field conditions.     

日粮精粗比对驴盲肠微生物纤维二糖酶活性的影响

为了研究不同纤维水平日粮对驴盲肠微生物纤维二糖酶活性的影响,设置3个不同精粗比饲料组(高纤维日粮组、常规日粮组和高淀粉日粮组)进行饲喂试验,测定驴盲肠微生物纤维二糖酶的活性。结果发现,与常规组相比,高纤维组和高淀粉组对驴盲肠微生物纤维二糖酶活性均有显著影响(P0.05)。     

德州驴不同组织材料总DNA提取的有效方法

[目的]为了分析德州驴的种群结构和种间遗传相似性关系,以及预测选配和杂交配合等方面提供一定的科学依据,并为做好德州驴的保种育种工作提供一个新的思路。[方法]根据德州驴血液、肌肉和毛发3种样品的特点,分别采用相适合的方法提取基因组DNA,并对提取的基因组DNA进行检测。[结果]结果表明:这3种DNA抽提方法及相应改进的可靠性,得到的DNA纯度较高。[结论]该方法可应用于PCR扩增等后续分子生物学试验研究。