湖北淤泥湖团头舫mtDNA限制性片段长度多态性的研究

用ＢａｍＨＩ、ＢｇｌＩ、ＣｌａＩ、ＥｃｏＲＩ、ＨｉｎｄⅢ、ＫｐｎＩ、ＰｓｔＩ，ＰｖｕⅡＳａｃⅡ、ＳａｃＩ、ＳｃａＩ、ＸｂａＩ，ＸｂａＩ和ＸｈｏＩ十四种限制性内切酶对来源于湖北淤泥湖的团头舫进行线粒体ＤＮＡ限制性片估长度多态性研究。初步表明ＤＮＡ上切点呈现不同程度的多态性。共检测到六种母集集团。发现一尾团头舫ｍｔＤＮＡ分子大小比普通型鱼ｍｔＤＮＡ小约０．７０ｋｂ。呈现出ｍｔＤＮＡ发子大小多态现象。     

西藏布裙湖全唇裂腹鱼年龄与生长的初步研究

全唇裂腹鱼(Schizothorax integrilabiatus)仅见于西藏地区雅鲁藏布江下游墨脱县境内的布裙湖,在物种进化和资源保护方面具有重要的研究价值。以耳石为年龄鉴定材料,对分布于布裙湖全唇裂腹鱼的年龄结构和生长特性进行了初步研究。结果显示,在所采集的252个样本中共包含7个年龄组(1~7龄),其中优势年龄组为1~3龄(占72.22%);体长与体重的关系方程为W=0.015 2 L3.057,属于匀速生长;采用von Bertalanffy模拟的生长方程为Lt=27.150[1-e~(-0.154(t+0.527))],W_t=368.029[1-e~(-0.154(t+0.527))]3.057。全唇裂腹鱼的体长生长速度曲线无拐点,随着年龄增长逐年降低,体重生长具有生长拐点,拐点年龄为6.73龄,所对应的体长和体重分别为18.27 cm和109.61 g。初步研究表明,全唇裂腹鱼属小型、低龄鱼类。     

鄱阳湖南矶山湿地土壤养分的时空分布规律研究

通过研究鄱阳湖南矶山湿地土壤在不同季节、不同植被类型和不同土壤深度下总有机碳、总氮、总磷的含量变化,分析了鄱阳湖南矶山湿地土壤养分的空间分布特征和季节变化规律。结果表明：南矶山湿地土壤总有机碳、总氮、总磷含量在不同的土壤深度、季节和植被类型中均表现出极显著差异。其中南矶山灰化苔草、南荻、狗牙根植被群落样地0~15cm表层土壤总有机碳、总氮含量显著大于30~45cm底层含量;灰化苔草、南荻群落土壤总有机碳和总氮含量的季节变化明显,尤其是表层土壤在各个不同的季节差异显著,但狗牙根植被群落土壤总有机碳和总氮含量季节变化不明显;3种典型植被类型下土壤总磷含量季节变化明显,呈现＂N＂的变化趋势。土壤总有机碳与总氮含量极显著正相关、与总磷含量显著相关,表明鄱阳湖南矶山湿地土壤氮、磷主要以有机质的结合形态存在。     

滤食性鱼类鲢放养量对淀山湖水质影响的围隔试验

为研究非经典生物操纵技术控制淀山湖水体富营养化时最佳的鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)放养量,于2009年夏季在淀山湖开展原位围隔试验。鲢放养密度设0、40、80、120 g/m3四个水平,每组设2个重复。每隔10天采样一次,分析水质。实验结果表明:(1)鲢密度为40 g/m3时可一定程度降低淀山湖围隔水体中有机物质(以高锰酸盐指数为代表);80 g/m3时对总氮的降低以及水体透明度的提高最有效;各放养密度对总磷的影响均不明显。(2)对于淀山湖水体而言,鲢的放养可以净化水体,提高生态系统稳定性;当放养密度为80 g/m3时,效果最好。     

南太湖入湖口叶绿素ａ时空变化及其与环境因子的关系

根据2010年1-12月专项监测数据,分析南太湖入湖口水域叶绿素a含量的时空变化特征以及与水温和营养盐等主要环境因子的相关性.研究表明,叶绿素a含量随时间变化明显,夏季最高,秋冬季次之,春季最低;在空间分布上,太湖西南入湖口水域的叶绿素a含量明显高于太湖南部入湖口水域.叶绿素a含量全年平均值为(15.71 ±11.24) μg/L,变化范围在1.50～74.3μg/L.叶绿素a含量与水温、pH、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、总磷(TP)、氨氮(NH4+-N)呈极显著正相关,与溶解氧(DO)、总氮(TN)、TN/TP呈极显著负相关.叶绿素a含量变化受多个因子共同影响,水温是叶绿素a含量变化的关键因子.氮磷比平均值为17.8,在藻类生长氮磷比的最佳范围内,易发生蓝藻水华.叶绿素a含量的对数与TP的对数呈极显著正相关,与TN和TN/TP的对数呈极显著负相关.磷是南太湖入湖口水域浮游植物生长的限制因子.     

大力加湖鲟鱼放养场鱼类区系组成

本文报道抚远大力加湖鲟鱼放养场鱼类区系组成。2004年对抚远县大力加湖鲟鱼放养场鱼类区系组成进行调查。调查结果表明：大力加湖有鱼类6目15科74种,系由6个区系复合体组成。     

荣成天鹅湖海草床及其邻近裸沙区浮游生物的时空变化特征

海草床是近海典型生态系统之一,为了解山东省荣成市天鹅湖鳗草(Zostera marina)海草床及其邻近裸沙区的浮游生物群落结构及时空变化特征,于2019年2月、5月、8月和11月,对天鹅湖鳗草海草床及其邻近裸沙区的浮游生物、海草床生态学特征及关键环境因子进行了周年调查,并应用典范对应分析(CCA)和冗余分析(RDA)探究了环境因子对浮游生物优势种的影响。结果显示,共发现浮游植物38种,隶属3门25属,其中,硅藻门(Bacilariophyta)种类最多(89.4%),甲藻门(Dinophyta)次之(7.8%);共发现浮游动物18种,幼虫3类,以甲壳动物(71.4%)为主;浮游生物种类数呈现显著的季节变化,且在11月达到最大值;海草床浮游植物和浮游动物的年平均丰度分别为5.4×104 cells/m3和1.6×104 ind./m3,是裸沙区浮游植物和浮游动物年平均丰度的1.4倍和1.5倍;典范对应分析和冗余分析显示,海草床浮游生物优势种主要与水温、海草床的植株密度及生物量显著相关,而裸沙区浮游生物优势种则主要与水温、pH值及氨氮含量等环境因子显著相关。结果表明,天鹅湖海草床相比裸沙区具有更丰富的浮游生物。本研究为深入了解海草床生态系统的结构和功能提供了基础数据。     

Determination of spermatological properties of male Liza abu (Heckel, 1843) in Atatürk Dam Lake, Şanlıurfa

The aim of this study was to determine the spermatological characteristics in male L. abu during the spawning season. Semen was collected weekly by abdominal massage from 26 males in March. In collected semen, volume, motility, duration of motility, concentration and pH were determined. In the L. abu sperm, volume (μl), motility (%), duration of motility (s), concentration (×10⁹/ml), and pH values were found 45.76 ± 3.55, 54.25 ± 2.93, 330.15 ± 37.92, 4.27 ± 0.40 and 7.87 ± 0.05, respectively. A correlation was found between semen volume and semen pH. Semen volume and the duration of sperm motility were higher in the 2nd and 3rd sampling dates than in the 1st and 4th sampling dates (P < 0.05; P < 0.01, respectively). Neither sperm motility nor sperm concentration was affected by sampling dates. Major changes in semen pH were observed in the 4th sampling date (P < 0.001). The Pearson correlation test presented significant relationships with the duration of motility, semen volume, and motility. Semen pH values were significantly correlated with the sperm concentration and semen volume. Sperm concentration was inversely correlated with semen volume. Sperm motility and duration significantly correlated with total weight. Total length significantly correlated with the duration of motility and total weight. In conclusion, these characteristics represent a valuable baseline dataset for establishing a semen quality standard and provide background information that may be useful for assisted breeding programs in this species.     

Gonadal histology and some biochemical characteristics of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chalcalburnus tarichi</Emphasis> (Pallas, 1811) having abnormal gonads

The gonad histology, gonado-somatic index (GSI), 17β-estradiol (E₂) levels and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the carp species Chalcalburnus tarichi from Lake Van and the Karasu river, eastern Turkey, have been investigated. Fish between 5 and 7 years old were sampled from November 2003 to February 2004. The ratio of female fish caught in Lake Van with abnormal ovaries (AbOF) was 43.3%, but the fork length and body weight of these fish were not correlated with this abnormality. The weight of the ovaries and the GSI values of AbOF were very low (P < 0.05). Histological observations on the samples caught each month revealed that the oocytes had degenerated in the perinucleolus and early cortical alveolus stages and that the ovaries were full of somatic stromal tissue. In addition, the seminiferous tubules of male fish with abnormal testes did not contain male reproductive cells at any stage. The ovaries of the fish caught from the Karasu river were also full of oocytes in the perinucleolus and early cortical alveolus stages, but there were fewer atretic follicles. Furthermore, apoptosis was observed in the ovary cells of these fish, in particular in the follicular cells, and the plasma E₂ levels of the AbOF was very low (P < 0.05). AChE activity was inhibited only in liver (P < 0.05). We conclude that our sample of C. tarichi must have been exposed to various polluting chemicals or another unknown factors (such as global warming) and that these factors have irreversibly impaired oocyte development in a high percentage of fish.     

河北白洋淀鱼类外寄生车轮虫属分类研究

2009年4月—2010年10月对河北省白洋淀营外寄生生活的车轮虫属进行种类鉴定工作。采用干银染色法显示车轮虫的附着盘结构,活体吉姆萨染色方法显示细胞核形态。采用"统一特定方法"和"齿体定位描述法"鉴定出车轮虫属9种,分别为显著车轮虫、拟黑色车轮虫、网状车轮虫、杜氏车轮虫、异齿车轮虫、喙状车轮虫、卡氏车轮虫、短棘车轮虫、适度车轮虫。波氏吻鱼叚虎鱼为显著车轮虫、拟黑色车轮虫、网状车轮虫的新宿主记录,黄黝鱼为异齿车轮虫和杜氏车轮虫的新宿主记录,麦穗鱼为喙状车轮虫的新宿主记录,鲫鱼和圆尾斗鱼为适度车轮虫的新宿主记录。该研究是白洋淀地区乃至华北地区车轮虫属首次细致的分类描述,研究结果将有助于阐明白洋淀鱼类寄生车轮虫区系组成。