加系西门塔尔肉种牛的引种驯化

对引进的加系西门塔尔牛进行了驯化,结果,驯化成活率为93．4％,繁殖成活率为68．9％。驯化后,西门塔尔牛在繁殖、生长等方面的表现基本稳定。     

农业起源——中纬度地区冰后期贮藏行为的产物

农业起源是新石器时代的产物,但是这一过程以什么为标志,即驯化与种植开始于什么行为?在有关农业起源问题的探讨中,没有明确地说明。农业起源的过程实际上是驯化的植物种质变化的起源与人类驯化行为起源的结合体,两者缺一不可。前者在后来表现出与野生状态的差别,后者则带来工具的进步。由于气候变化是新旧石器之交的关键因素,而农业是其产物,而能够在其中找到直接的决定因子的是贮藏行为,并且只有在中纬度地区,贮藏才能诱发种植与驯养。因为高纬度地区人类无法生存,低纬度地区人类不需要贮藏。中纬度地区因为气温因素,导致人类必须依赖于贮藏度过采集食物的缺乏期。贮藏诱发了种植;贮藏参与了驯化,贮藏产生了农作物。动物的贮藏行为导致了驯养,家畜因此而起源。     

Effects of dietary factors, stocking biomass and domestication on the nutritional and technological quality of the Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis

The ante mortem determinism of the quality components in fish is multivariate. Among the various influencing factors, the effects of (i) rearing biomass, (ii) dietary features and (iii) domestication process on the technological and nutritional variables in perch Perca fluviatilis here were studied using two-levels fractional factorial design 2^4-1 (resolution IV). This work allowed identifying two main factors, i.e. domestication and diet composition, which influence both technological and nutritional variables. Domestication was the parameter showing the greatest effect on both filleting yield (FY) and total saturated fatty acids (SFA) content, whereas diet composition chiefly influenced viscerosomatic index (VSI) and total poly- and mono-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA and MUFA) contents. Domesticated fish exhibited higher FY (42.8%) and total SFA (25.1% of total fatty acids or FA) content than wild fish (FY = 40.1%, total SFA = 22.9%). Concerning the effect of food composition, diet including only fish oil as lipid source (FO) induced higher VSI than diet including vegetable oil (FV) VSI = 8.8% vs 7.4%, respectively). Moreover, FV diet induced higher n-6 PUFA but lower n-3 PUFA contents in fillets than did the FO diet (total n-6 PUFA = 6.3% vs 5.4% and total n-3 PUFA = 52.6% vs 55.2% of total FA respectively). FV fish fillets had significantly higher total MUFA (17.7% of total FA) contents in muscle than FO fish (14.8%). Concerning this last variable, domestication played only a role in interaction with diet composition. With FO diet, no difference in total MUFA content between wild and domesticated perch was noticed. However, total MUFA content increased with FV diet and was significantly higher in fillets of wild fish (18.7% vs 16.6% of total FA for domesticated). No effect of either feeding rate or initial biomass on the body composition was noticed. In addition, perivisceral fat content was not influenced by any treatment.     

Inheritance of ‘domestication’ traits in bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.)

Controlled crosses in bambara groundnut were attempted between a range of thirty-six bambara groundnut landraces (thirty domesticated (V. subterranea var. subterranea) and six wild (V. subterranea var. spontanea)). Ten F₁ seed were produced. Of these, eight germinated producing F₂ populations. On seed set, four populations could be unambiguously confirmed as true crosses by F₃ seed coat colour. A single F₂ population, derived from a domesticated landrace from Botswana (DipC; female parent) crossed with a wild accession collected in Cameroon (VSSP11; male parent) was used to study a range of agronomic and domestication traits. These included; days to emergence, days to flowering, internode (fourth) length at harvest, number of stems per plant, leaf area, Specific Leaf Area (SLA), Carbon Isotope Discrimination (CID), 100 seed weight, testa colour and eye pattern around the hilum. On the basis of variation for internode length and stems per plant, 14 small F₃ families were selected and grown under field conditions to further investigate the genetic basis of the ‘spreading’ versus ‘bunched’ plant character, a major difference between wild and cultivated bambara groundnut. Results presented suggest that traits including leaf area, SLA, CID and 100 seed weight are controlled by several genes. In contrast, the variation for traits such as internode length, stems per plant, days to emergence and seed eye pattern around the hilum are likely to be under largely monogenic control. The results of this work are discussed in relation to the domestication of bambara groundnut.     

大麦驯化的主要性状及其相关基因

大麦(Hordeum vulgare L)是位于小麦、水稻和玉米之后的世界第四大主要作物。从野生物种转变为栽培种的驯化过程中,大麦的许多性状发生了改变。大量研究发现,这些驯化过程中变化的主要性状,都是相关基因突变导致功能丧失的结果,而且已克隆的驯化基因多数为转录因子。本文对非脆穗轴、六棱穗和裸颖果等大麦驯化的主要性状及其相关基因的研究进展进行了综述,以期为相关研究提供参考。     

浅谈园林植物新品种的引种与推广

该文针对珠三角地区在园林植物新品种的引种、驯化与推广等方面存在的问题,进行了分析并提出建议。     

我国白阿魏蘑的驯化与栽培

综述了产于我国新疆著名的食用菌白阿魏蘑的分类地位、分布、驯化与栽培研究概况、营养价值和保健作用、菌种选育、栽培技术和发展前景。     

耐高温耐高糖酵母的筛选与驯化

从南疆水果表皮上筛选到54株耐高温酵母菌,通过富集培养、高温高糖驯化与筛选,得到3株优良菌株,在45℃高温、20%糖度条件下,其发酵性能均能达到常温(28℃)下酿酒酵母的发酵水平。