国产人造板成套设备的现状及发展方向

本文分析了国产人造板生产线成套设备制造工业的现状及其在我国人造板产业发展中发挥的作用，指出了现有设备与国际先进水平的主要差距，并以苏福马公司为例，介绍了近几年来国产人造板成套设备制造企业在关键技术和设备改进方面所做出的尝试。     

Effects of pistachio by‐products on digestibility,milk production,milk fatty acid profile and blood metabolites in Saanen dairy goats

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of pistachio by‐products (PBP) on nutrient digestibility, blood metabolites and milk fatty acid (FA) profile in Saanen dairy goats. Nine multiparous lactating Saanen goats (on day 90 post‐partum, 45 ± 2/kg BW) were randomly assigned to a 3 × 3 Latin square design with three treatment diets: 1) control diet (alfalfa hay based), 2) 32% PBP and 3) 32% PBP + polyethylene glycol (PEG‐4000; 1 g/kg dry matter). Each period lasted 21 days, including 14 day for treatment adaptation and 7 day for data collection. Pistachio by‐products significantly decreased (p < 0.01) crude protein (CP) digestibility compared with the control diet (64.4% vs. 58.7%), but PEG addition did not differ for CP digestibility of goats fed 32% PBP + PEG and those fed the two other diets. The digestibility of NDF tended (p = 0.06) to decrease for goats fed PBP compared with those fed the control diet. Yields of milk and 4% fat‐corrected milk were not affected by dietary treatments. Compared with the control diet, PBP supplementation appreciably changed the proportions of almost all the milk FA measured; the main effects were decreases (p < 0.01) in FA from 8:0 to 16:0 and increases (p < 0.01) proportions of cis‐9, trans‐11 18:2 and trans‐11 18:1, monounsaturated FA, polyunsaturated FA and long‐chain FA. The saturated FA, short‐chain FA and medium‐chain FA proportions were lower (p < 0.01) in goats fed the two PBP supplemented diet than in those fed the control diet and PEG addition led to intermediate proportions of saturated FA, unsaturated and monounsaturated FA. Inclusion of PBP in the diet decreased (p < 0.01) plasma concentrations of glucose and urea nitrogen compared with the control diet. It was concluded that PBP can be used as forage in the diet of dairy goats without interfering with milk yield. Inclusion of 32% PBP in the diet of dairy goats had beneficial effects on milk FA profile but PEG addition to PBP did not contribute to enhance further milk FA profile.     

四川省部分地区山羊沙门氏菌健康带菌率及耐药性调查

为了解四川省山羊沙门氏菌带菌情况,本试验采集了四川省部分地区5个规模化山羊养殖场表观健康山羊粪便196份,经BPW预增菌、TTB选择性增菌后,采用靶向invA基因的PCR方法检测沙门氏菌的带菌率;对阳性样本进行细菌分离鉴定,随机选择25株沙门氏菌分离株测定其对15种抗菌药物的敏感性。结果显示,山羊沙门氏菌的平均带菌率为54.59%。药敏试验结果显示,分离株均对丁胺卡那敏感,而对其余14种抗菌药物呈不同程度的耐药,多重耐药菌株占88%,其中耐2~7种药物的占52%,耐9~13种药物的占36%。结果表明,四川省部分地区山羊的沙门氏菌健康带菌率较高,且多重耐药性普遍,其公共卫生意义值得进一步研究。     

Effects of Parity of Dam and Breeding Date on the Litter Size of Inner Mongolia White Cashmere Goats

The article through the analysis and research to the effects of parity of dam and breeding date on the litter size of Inner Mongolia White cashmere goats,determine the optimal mating time of Inner Mongolia White cashmere goats,in order to improve the efficiency of reproductive.Data used were 1998 to 2013 reproductive performance records collected from the Arbas stock farm in Inner Mongolia,China.The GLM procedure of SAS 9.0 software was used to determine the significant effect of the parity of dam and breeding date,the results showed that the parity of dam and breeding date had significant effect on litter size (P< 0.01).Litter size was the lowest in 1st parity does (1.37),the significantly increase in litter size with advance in parity and decline after six parity;Mating cycles for September 29th to October 16th had the highest litter size (1.76),and the estrous months and estrus peak time mainly concentrated in October,so this stage in production could be used as breeding period of Inner Mongolia White cashmere goats.     

基于声学冲激响应的奶山羊呼吸及反刍同步监测方法

呼吸及反刍是奶山羊最基本的生理活动,及时准确地同步获取奶山羊的呼吸及反刍信息可以为评估奶山羊健康状况提供数据支撑。针对现有方法呼吸及反刍同步监测能力的不足,提出了一种基于声学冲激响应的单只静卧奶山羊呼吸及反刍同步监测方法。该方法首先利用声学在室内空间中的多径效应,实现奶山羊呼吸过程中胸脯起伏及反刍过程中嘴部咀嚼动作全向采集;其次计算收发信号的冲激响应,捕捉由呼吸及反刍运动造成多径信号周期性变化的特征;然后利用呼吸及反刍运动频率差实现呼吸和反刍信号的分离;最后经过幅度归一化、相位同步后实现呼吸及反刍波形的可视化。为了验证该方法的有效性,选用了不同朝向的静卧奶山羊进行呼吸及反刍监测试验,并分析了环境噪声对试验的影响,结果表明：对于不同朝向的奶山羊,该方法呼吸平均相对误差为2.60%,反刍平均相对误差为3.51%,平均漏帧率为2.49%,并对环境噪声有较强的抗干扰能力。     

陕西省羊梭菌病流行病学调查

为准确掌握舍饲养殖条件下陕西省羊梭菌病的流行和发病情况,采用实地调查和发放调查表的方式对陕北、关中、陕南等地区32 181 400只羊进行羊梭菌病的流行病学调查。结果显示,羊梭菌病发病率为0.015%～5.235%,病死率为16.970%～42.412%,陕南和关中地区发病率较高,陕北地区呈下降趋势,该病主要发生于3月-5月,羔羊和幼龄羊较易感,注射疫苗能较好地预防该病的发生,病羊的病死率与发病地区、时间、是否注射疫苗都没有显著的相关性。     

对1／2和1／4野血牦犊牛生长发育的观测

１９９４～１９９６年在海南州赛什塘牧场对１／２和１／４野血牦犊牛的生长发育进行了观测。结果：１／２和１／４野血牦犊牛的初生重分别比家牦犊牛提高７．６５％和８．８６％（Ｐ＜０．０１），１／２野血牦犊牛在初生时的体高、体长和胸围比家牦犊牛分别提高３．２１％，５．５７％，５．５１％；６月龄时分别提高９．５６％，１１．４６％，３．５９％；１８月龄时分别提高９．１８％，１７．５５％，７．６４％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

黑沙蒿乙醇粗提物对奶山羊体外试验CLA含量及C18不饱和脂肪酸生物氢化率的影响

采用体外试验研究添加不同浓度的菊科黑沙蒿乙醇粗提物对瘤胃微生物体外发酵脂肪酸生物氢化、CLA含量及其前体物trans-11C18:1含量的影响。黑沙蒿乙醇粗提物添加的剂量分别是0(对照组)、3、30、300及3000mg/L。培养时间分别是2、6及24h。在每个采样时间点、每个添加量均设3个重复。试验结果表明,添加黑沙蒿乙醇粗提物有降低C18不饱和脂肪酸生物氢化率的趋势,有增加CLA生成前体物trans-11C18:1脂肪酸含量的趋势,有增加CLA含量的趋势。     

广西山羊圈养现状与发展思考

本文对广西山羊饲养情况和圈养情况进行了统计，对实施圈养的优势进行了论述，并就目前存在问题提出几点发展对策，以期促进该区圈养山羊工作的推进和石漠化治理。     

藏山羊若干行为观察研究

对全放牧藏山羊若干行为进行了昼夜连续24小时跟踪观测研究。结果表明,藏山羊昼夜采食时间为541.37±93.65分。反刍为280.21±67.59分,睡眠为173.30±45.92分,游走为136.15±62.79分,站立为133.35±34.88分,其他行为占175.62±53.18分。采食、游走、站立及其他行为多发生在白天,反刍和睡眠多在夜间。反刍与采食的时间比例为0.52:1。藏山羊母性较强,好喜戏和觅群,少争斗。此外,藏山羊还有搔痒、打喷嚏、啃食异物等异常行为。研究结果,可供藏山羊的培育和饲养管理作为参改。