关于数字农业的基本构想

在对现代农业基本特点分析的基础上，提出了“数字农业”的概念，并给出了数字农业的基本架构，分析了数字农业与精细农业、数字地球、信息农业、虚拟农业之间的关系。提出精细农业应该是以数字农业为基础，以高投入产出比为目的的农业，数字农业是精细农业发展的必由之路。数字农业是在数字地球的大背景下产生的，是数字地球的重要组成部分，依赖并受益于数字地球建设。数字农业概念的提出，有利于理顺目前数字地球、精细农业、信息农业等概念之间的关系，明确当前我国农业发展的具体目标，从而合理安排我国农业发展规划，避免资源浪费。数字农业的实施将使农业生产精细化、远程化、虚拟化、自动化成为可能，从而极大地解放生产力，实现我国农业生产质的飞跃。     

一种高质量的数字高程模型（DEM）建立方法 ——ANUDEM法

建立高质量的数字高程模型(DEM)是正确计算坡度、坡向、提取流域地形特征、进行水文分析 的前提,因而在研究土壤侵蚀、植被建设和土地利用规划与评价中都具有重要意义。ANUDEM采用迭 代有限微分内插技术和地形强化算法,自动去除伪下陷点和生成输入数据错误文件,便于查错改善 DEM质量,并减少了去除伪下陷点的编辑或DEM的后处理过程。本文以黄土高原丘陵沟壑区典型 小流域为例,利用大比例尺(1:10000)数字化地形图,利用ANUDEM建立DEM,从DEM光照模拟图、 回放等高线、提取水系、坡度等方面对建立的DEM的质量进行了评价。研究表明,ANUDEM建立的 DEM表面光滑;回放等高线与原等高线符合度高,能更准确地表现地形起伏;由其提取的坡度准确; 水系连续完整与地形图上河流一致,适宜水文分析,是一种建立高质量DEM的优良方法。     

Seasonal atopic dermatitis in dogs sensitive to a major allergen of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) pollen

Three dogs were examined because of episodes of recurrent pruritic dermatitis in the spring, the season of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica, CJ) pollination in Japan. The dogs were shown to be sensitive to CJ pollen allergen using intradermal testing and antigen-specific IgE measurement. Fluorometric enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) showed increased concentrations of IgE specific to Cry j 1 and a negative result for Cry j 2 in the three dogs. The concentrations of IgE specific to Cry j 1 during the season of CJ pollination were higher than the concentrations found during the off-season in all the dogs, and the variation in the concentrations correlated with the variation in clinical signs. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed apparent proliferative responses to crude CJ pollen antigen and Cry j 1 during CJ pollination season. These findings indicated that Cry j 1 was the major allergen recognized by IgE and lymphocytes and resulted in the development of type I hypersensitivity to CJ pollen allergen in these atopic dogs.     

Subepidermal linear alignment of mast cells in inflammatory dermatoses of the dog

A recent study demonstrated that 47.7% of dogs with Malassezia dermatitis had a subepidermal linear alignment of mast cells (SLAM). A retrospective histopathological study was conducted on 419 canine skin biopsies to determine if a SLAM was present in other inflammatory diseases. Cases examined included dogs with demodicosis, sarcoptic mange, dermatophytosis, pemphigus foliaceus, pemphigus erythematosus, discoid lupus erythematosus, systemic lupus erythematosus, erythema multiforme, dermatomyositis, staphylococcal pyoderma, primary seborrhea, arthropod bites, contact hypersensitivity, flea bite hypersensitivity, atopy, and food hypersensitivity. Three cases (3/419, 0.7%) were identified with SLAM. The diagnoses for these cases were atopy (1/23, 4%) with a secondary bacterial folliculitis (1/136, 0.7%), pemphigus erythematosus (1/18, 6%), and discoid lupus erythematosus (1/16, 6%). Based on this study, SLAM is significantly more common in Malassezia dermatitis than in other inflammatory diseases.     

Detecting interactive effects of N fertilization and heat stress on maize productivity by remote sensing techniques

The objective of this study was to compare the performance of two different remotely sensed techniques in detecting the effects of terminal heat stress and N fertilization on final maize aerial biomass (AB) and grain yield (GY). The study was conducted under field conditions for two consecutive growing seasons. Six N treatments combining three doses [0, 100, 200 Kg N ha⁻¹] and two timings [at V4 and at 15 days before silking] were applied. Within each N treatment three heat treatments were applied (pre-flowering, post-flowering and the control treatment at ambient air temperature). Remote sensing measurements were taken with a multispectral band camera to measure the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and a digital Red/Green/Blue (RGB) camera to measure the normalized green red difference index (NGRDI). Both indices failed to predict the GY of pre-flowering heat-treated plants due to grain set establishment problems that could not be detected by vegetation indices which are designed to capture differences in green canopy area. In contrast, both the NGRDI and the NDVI correlated positively with GY and AB in the control heat treatment and to a lesser extent in the post-flowering heat treatment. Under the control heat treatment, the NGRDI exhibited higher correlations with AB and GY than the NDVI across the N fertilization treatments. Since the NGRDI is formulated based only on the reflectance in the visible regions (VIS) of the spectrum (Green and Red) without dependence on the near infrared regions (NIR), it performs better than the NDVI. This is because it overcame the reported saturation patterns at high leaf area index and was more efficient at capturing even small differences in leaf colour (chlorophyll content) due to the different applied N treatments. Also, the NGRDI seemed to be a more seasonally independent parameter than the NDVI, which is more affected by temporal variability within the field, and thus the NGRDI predicted AB and GY better than the NDVI when combining the data of the two growing seasons.     

A filter-assisted culture method for isolation of Treponema spp. from bovine digital dermatitis and their identification by MALDI-TOF MS

Digital dermatitis (DD) is a major infectious foot disease of cattle worldwide. Some DD stages are associated with lameness, and the disease has significant economic and animal welfare consequences. The pathogenesis of the disease is not yet fully understood, but Treponema spp. have been associated consistently with clinical cases. Isolation of these fastidious bacteria is difficult and cumbersome. We describe an improved method enabling the culturing of the 3 Treponema spp. (T. pedis, T. phagedenis, and T. medium) from bovine foot specimens derived from DD lesions, using a combination of membrane filtering and subsequent growth on selective agar media. The entire procedure from sampling to verification of individual Treponema spp. takes up to 24 d. In addition, we established a MALDI-TOF MS–based identification method to be applied for confirmation of the different Treponema spp. This scheme provides an unambiguous, simple, and straightforward identification procedure for DD-associated Treponema spp.     

角速度计检测信号数字滤波处理的研究

我们曾采用压电式陀螺仪角速度计检测行走车辆的角速度。但由于行走车发动机的振动、路面不平等因素的影响，在获得的信号中混有噪声，因而存在一定的误差。为了提高检测信号精度，有必要消除器器声。我们针对上述问题，采用数字滤波的软件实现方法来消除噪声，提高检测精度。对由实验所获得的数据进行了有、无数字滤波处理的对比分析，获得了较好的结果。这表明本研究通过软件的方法，既提高了检测精度，又降低了硬件成本。     

广西农业科学院数字图书馆资源建设创新与发展

当前,数字图书馆正在全球范围内迅猛发展,也将成为未来图书馆发展的主旋律。文章阐述了近年来广西农业科学院农业科技信息研究所在数字图书馆建设方面的实施过程：开展了数字化信息资源建设,自建、引进和利用各种文献数据库或网络平台,探索出引进与开发相结合的技术路线,利用有限的经费和技术力量,应用网络化、数字化技术改造传统落后的信息管理服务模式,形成了具有特色的数字资源体系,初步实现了数字图书馆信息资源的共知、共享,同时提出了促进小型图书馆数字化发展的一些建议。     

玉米雄穗几何造型研究

通过对玉米雄穗形态结构的观测分析,提出了基于雄穗形态特征参数的三维形态数学模型及其实现方法。雄穗模型的建立过程包括拓扑结构设计、分枝造型和小穗造型三个阶段。模型具有较高的真实感效果,可控性强,可满足雄穗数字化设计的需要。