外源NO供体SNP对辣椒种子萌发的影响

研究了不同浓度外源NO供体硝普钠(SNP)对辣椒种子发芽率、胚根与胚轴生长、膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量及抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性的影响.结果表明,低浓度SNP能提高辣椒种子的发芽率,促进辣椒胚根、胚轴生长,提高萌发幼苗SOD、POD、CAT酶的活性,降低MDA的含量.但较高浓度的SNP却降低辣椒种子的发芽率.削弱辣椒胚根、胚轴的生长,抑制萌发幼苗的SOD、CAT酶活性,使MDA舍量增加.     

蜈蚣兰初代培养中内生真菌的抑制作用

为了建立蜈蚣兰无菌繁殖体系,以0.2%的山梨酸钾和0.2%的苯甲酸钠为供试药剂,研究了两种不同种类的食品防腐剂在蜈蚣兰初代培养中对内生真菌的抑制作用。结果表明:两种食品防腐剂均对蜈蚣兰内生真菌的生长有抑制作用,且山梨酸钾的抑菌作用更为显著。同时,两种防腐剂的加入对外植体侧芽萌发均有一定程度的抑制,且苯甲酸钠的抑制作用较为突出。另外,0.8%的次氯酸钠溶液对蜈蚣兰内生真菌的生长也有一定的抑制作用。     

意大利蜜蜂工蜂幼虫饲粮的适宜亚硒酸钠添加水平

【目的】探索意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera ligustica)工蜂幼虫日粮的适宜亚硒酸钠水平,为意大利蜜蜂工蜂幼虫发育阶段硒的营养需要提供依据。【方法】共取1 440只1日龄意大利蜜蜂工蜂幼虫并平均分为两批,每批720只,一批用于化蛹率、羽化率的测定,一批用于理化指标和分子指标的测定。两批幼虫均按单因素完全随机设计分成6组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别饲喂亚硒酸钠添加量为0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1.0 mg·kg~(-1)的日粮,每组5个重复,每个重复24只幼虫。取3、5、7日龄幼虫测定体重、总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC)、总超氧化物歧化酶(total superoxide dismutase,T-SOD)活性、丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量、酚氧化酶(phenoloxidase,PO)活性,取5日龄幼虫测定硒磷酸合成酶(selenide water dikinase,Sel D)、丝氨酰-t RNA合成酶(seryl-t RNA synthetase,Ser Rs)、SECIS-结合蛋白1(SECIS-binding protein 1,Sbp1)、SECIS-结合蛋白2(SECIS-binding protein 2,Sbp2)基因表达量;7日龄时统计化蛹率。【结果】与对照组相比,日粮添加亚硒酸钠水平为0.2—0.6 mg·kg~(-1)时显著提高了幼虫的T-AOC(P0.05),日粮添加亚硒酸钠水平为0.2—0.8 mg·kg~(-1)时显著提高了幼虫的T-SOD活性(P0.05),各试验组均显著降低了幼虫的MDA含量(P0.05)。日粮添加亚硒酸钠水平为0.4 mg·kg~(-1)时幼虫的PO活性显著高于对照(P0.05)。日粮添加亚硒酸钠水平为0.6 mg·kg~(-1)时5日龄幼虫的Sel D、Ser Rs、Sbp1、Sbp2基因表达水平显著高于对照(P0.05)。日粮添加亚硒酸钠水平为0.4 mg·kg~(-1)时幼虫化蛹前体重显著高于对照(P0.05)。与对照组相比,日粮添加亚硒酸钠水平为0.2 mg·kg~(-1)时,幼虫化蛹率显著提高(P0.05)。【结论】人工饲养条件下基础日粮硒水平为0.21 mg·kg~(-1)时,根据幼虫化蛹前体重、化蛹率做拟合曲线得出意大利蜜蜂工蜂幼虫日粮适宜亚硒酸钠添加水平为0.24—0.33 mg·kg~(-1),即意大利蜜蜂工蜂幼虫的适宜硒水平为0.32—0.36 mg·kg~(-1)。     

SNP对油菜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

研究外源一氧化氮(NO)供体硝普钠(SNP)在10、50、100、200、500、1000、2000μmol/L等7个浓度下对油菜种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:100μmol/L的SNP可有效促进供试油菜种子的萌发,提高油菜种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数,促进油菜幼苗地上部分的生长,而高浓度的SNP对油菜种子萌发有抑制作用,且浓度越高抑制作用越明显。SNP对油菜幼苗根的生长亦有抑制作用。总体来看,在100μmol/L处理的综合效果最好。     

雏鸭饲粮锰适宜水平的研究

采用玉米-豆饼型饲粮(含Mn19ppm),对210只1日龄北京雏鸭进行补锰试验,试验分7组,锰添加水平(试剂级MnSO_4·H_2O)按1～7组顺序依次为0,20,45,60,85,110,135ppm,试验期3周,研究雏鸭饲粮锰适宜水平。结果为,饲粮锰水平不影响雏鸭体增重,日采食量和饲料转化率(P>0.05);胫骨锰浓度随饲粮锰水平增加呈线性上升(P<0.01);肝、肾、胰、心组织锰浓度和肝脏含锰的SOD酶活性可与饲粮锰水平拟合为相应的二次曲线模式(P<0.001),上述软组织锰浓度和肝SOD酶活性达到平衡时,所需饲粮锰依次为110.05,100.00,122.91,113.99和116.00ppm。综合试验结果考虑,雏鸭饲粮锰适宜水平为110ppm。     

海藻酸钠茶多酚复配涂膜对滇橄榄贮藏品质的影响

采用不同浓度的茶多酚和海藻酸钠对滇橄榄进行涂膜保鲜单因素试验,根据测定结果,选择浓度为0.10%、0.20%的海藻酸钠与浓度为0.75%、1.00%、1.50%的茶多酚进行复配涂膜,研究其对滇橄榄贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:经涂膜处理后的滇橄榄贮藏品质优于CK组,在6组不同浓度配比下,以0.10%海藻酸钠与1.50%茶多酚复配保鲜液的保鲜效果较好,可保持滇橄榄较好的感官品质,延缓果实失重率、可溶性固形物含量的升高和VC含量的下降,保持较高的好果率,抑制呼吸强度,能将滇橄榄保鲜期延长至15 d。     

膳食纤维杂粮面包的研制

本试验以绿豆皮粉、黄豆皮粉、红薯皮粉、高筋面粉为主要原料,采用二次发酵法研制膳食纤维杂粮面包,通过口感和外观考察了配方和烘培时间对其风味品质的影响。结果表明,对杂粮面包品质的影响因素依次为改良剂添加量>杂粮皮粉用量>烘焙时间>酵母添加量。通过单因素和正交试验得到杂粮面包的最佳配方为高筋粉50%、杂粮皮粉2.3%(绿豆皮粉:黄豆皮粉:红薯皮粉=3:2:5)、白糖13.1%、酵母0.4%、改良剂0.2%、奶粉0.3%、水21%、鸡蛋6.6%、盐0.5%和黄油5.2%,烘培20min得到的杂粮面包的风味品质最佳,形态丰满完整,色泽均匀,组织有弹性,具有发酵烘烤后特有的面包香味,松软可口。     

池塘中亚硝酸盐对草鱼种的毒害及防治

亚硝酸盐对草鱼种有很高的毒性,特别是水温超过30℃以上时。它主要是诱导草鱼血液中的血红蛋白转变为高铁血红蛋白,高铁血红蛋白超过血红蛋白总量的23.0％时,容易诱发草鱼出血病。随着草鱼血液中高铁血红蛋白的增高,红细胞数量和血红蛋白含量逐渐减少。池中亚硝酸盐氮含量到0.099±0.03毫克/升时,草鱼会出现出血病。清除水中亚硝酸盐氮的方法是在池塘中施加次氯酸钠,亚硝酸盐氮超过0.15毫克/升时,最好在池塘中先施加熟石灰,然后施加次氯酸钠,且以分次施用,效果较好。     

Sodium alginate supplementation modulates gut microbiota,health parameters,growth performance and growth‐related gene expression in Malaysian Mahseer Tor tambroides

This study investigated the effects of sodium alginate supplementation on gut microbiota composition, health parameters, growth performances and growth‐related gene expression of Malaysian mahseer. Five test diets were formulated by supplementing 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.8% sodium alginate. Triplicate groups of juvenile Tor tambroides (2.19 ± 0.05 g) were stocked in 15 aquaria (20 individuals per aquarium) and fed at 3.0% body weight per day for 60 days. PCoA and UPGMA analysis showed that gut bacterial community were more convergence in higher sodium alginate‐supplemented diets. The percentage of Porphyromonadaceae, Bacteroides, Plesiomonas and Shewanella were substantially higher and Aeromonas, Entomoplasmatales and Prevotellaceae were drastically lower in higher sodium alginate (0.2%–0.8%) diets. Sodium alginate supplementation (≥0.2%) significantly improved the haematocrit value and respiratory burst activity of T. tambroides. Growth performances and feed utilization were significantly higher in 0.2%–0.4% sodium alginate‐supplemented diets. The increased growth rate of T. tambroides was governed by both hyperplastic and hypertrophic muscle growth. Real‐time PCR data demonstrated that most of the growth‐related genes were significantly upregulated in 0.2%–0.4% sodium alginate‐supplemented diet. Finally, it can be concluded that sodium alginate should be supplemented at 2 g/kg in practical fish feed formulation.     

Effect of dietary protein/carbohydrate ratio on activities of hepatic enzymes involved in the amino acid metabolism of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.)

This study investigated the influence of different dietary protein/carbohydrate ratios on activities of enzymes involved in the amino acid metabolism as well as on growth performance and body composition of Nile tilapia (Oreo- chromis niloticus). Fish were fed semi-synthetic diets differing in their protein/carbohydrate ratio. The diets were formulated to be isolipidic and isoenergetic (on the basis of metabolizable energy). Fish were reared individually. After a prefeeding phase, tilapia were randomly assigned to three groups and were fed the experimental diets at a relatively low level. The study lasted 9 weeks. Proximate composition, gross energy content, and activities of aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) in the liver of fish were determined. While the mean growth rate and feed conversion efficiency did not differ significantly among the feeding groups, the body composition showed significant differences. The dietary protein/carbohydrate ratio had no significant effect on the protein and energy gain, but the lipid gain was significantly higher in tilapia fed the low-protein diet. The activities of ASAT and ALAT per gram of liver and per gram of soluble protein were significantly increased in fish fed the high-protein diet. There was a significant positive correlation between the activities of ASAT and ALAT. The activities of both enzymes in the liver were significantly higher in fish with a higher protein gain. Measuring the activities of enzymes involved in the amino acid metabolism can provide more information about the metabolic utilized dietary protein.