Cluster analysis of 36Globodera pallida field populations using two sets of molecular markers

Thirty-six populations of the potato cyst nematodeGlobodera pallida, all collected in the Netherlands, were analysed twice: by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of proteins (2-DGE) and by random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting (RAPD). Two-DGE revealed frequencies of 21 alleles at eight putative loci in each population. The same populations were subjected to RAPD analysis. This qualitative technique revealed 38 polymorphic DNA fragments. Both datasets were independently processed to determine the intraspecific variation. UPGMA analysis resulted in a 2-DGE- and a RAPD-based dendrogram with cophenetic correlation coefficients of 0.755 and 0.838 respectively. The correlation between the genetic similarity values for the populations was 0.572. Comparison between the 2-DGE- and the RAPD-based dendrogram revealed that only thirteen of the 36 populations analysed were clustered identically. It is concluded that the gene pool similarity concept is only in some instances applicable to Dutch populations ofG. pallida. For populations that could not be differentiated unequivocally on the basis of molecular markers, markers closely linked to avirulence genes should be identified. Approaches that will lead to the identification of such markers are discussed.     

A contribution to the knowledge of nematophagous species of Verticillium

Nine nematophagous species and two varieties ofVerticillium (Verticillium sect.Prostrata), occurring either as parasites of free-living nematodes or as parasites of cysts and eggs, are revised and keyed out.V. catenulatum is reduced to a variety ofV. chlamydosporium A similar fungus is distinguished asV. suchlasporium n. sp. (including a var.catenatum). Spicaria coccospora Drechsler is transferred toVerticillium. All species have been studied in pure culture. Ecological data are reviewed for each species.Samenvatting Negen nematofage soorten en twee variëteiten vanVerticillium (Verticillium sectieProstrata), die óf als parasieten van vrijlevende aaltjes óf als parasieten van cysten en eieren optreden, worden gereviseerd en er wordt een determinatiesleutel van gepresenteerd.V. catenulatum wordt gereduceerd tot een variëteit vanV chlamydosporium. Een hierop lijkende schimmel wordt onderscheiden als.V. suchlasporium n.sp. (incl. een variëteitcatenatum. Spicaria coccospora Drechsler wordt naarVerticillium overgebracht. Alle soorten werden in reincultuur onderzocht. Voor iedere soort worden oecologische gegevens vermeld.     

SPINAL SUBARACHNOID CYST IN A CAT

A 7-year-old neutered female domestic short hair cat was presented with hind limb ataxia. A subarachnoid cyst in the T10-T11 spinal cord region was identified by myelography as a collection of contrast medium in the subarachnoid space.     

Comparative Map-based Cloning for Genes Conferring Resistance to Soybean Cyst Nematode

Soybean cyst nematode （SCN, Heterodera glycines Ichinohe） is the most dangerous disease to cause significant yield losses. Most recent estimates for SCN indicate losses of nearly 9 million metric tons worldwide in 1998 and 3.5 million metric tons in the China in 2004. Soybean cyst nematode causes yield reductions by feeding on plant nutrients, retarding root growth, and inhibiting Bradyrhizobium nodulation.     

几丁质酶活性与大豆对胞囊线虫抗性的关系

为了明确几丁质酶在大豆抗大豆胞囊线虫中的作用,测定了不同抗性大豆品种被大豆胞囊线虫侵染前后以及供试诱导剂诱导被大豆胞囊线虫侵染后不同抗性大豆品种根内几丁质酶活性变化。结果表明,正常生长情况下,不同抗性大豆品种根内几丁质酶活性无明显差异。接种大豆胞囊线虫后,无论是抗病品种还是感病品种几丁质酶活性均增高。经过几丁质、壳聚糖和低聚糖诱导处理大豆胞囊线虫侵染的大豆后,均能在一定程度上诱导几丁质酶活性进一步增强,并随着时间的延长,酶活性表现出一定的消长趋势;与其他两个诱导剂处理相比,几丁质诱导处理大豆后几丁质酶活性高峰提前,酶活性增加幅度大。     

禾谷孢囊线虫生防真菌的筛选及其生物学特性的研究

禾谷孢囊线虫病(简称CCN)是我国小麦产区主要的病害之一,对农业生产造成了极大的损失。该研究从禾谷孢囊线虫的孢囊上分离寄生性真菌,并对其进行室内防效测定。结果表明:从获得的20株真菌中,菌株Z2和Z4菌株对禾谷孢囊线虫病有较好的防治效果,防效均达50%。通过形态特征观察和ITS序列区测定,Z2和Z4两菌株分别归属为格孢腔菌目(Pleosporales)和拟青霉属(Paecilomycessp.),并对两菌株的生物学特性进行了初步的研究。     

Use of intraoperative impression smear cytology to guide successful treatment of a large renal cyst in a dog: a case report

A 13-yr-old Shih tzu was referred for surgical management of right-sided cranial abdominal mass, which corresponded to large, cavitated renal mass on ultrasonography, and was suspected to represent neoplasia. Intraoperative impression smear cytology (ISC) of the renal mass wall was consistent with benign renal cyst (RC), without evidence of neoplasia or infection. Deroofing and omentalisation were performed and histopathology was consistent with benign RC. Chronic kidney disease was diagnosed 4 mon postoperatively, however, the dog was asymptomatic, without cyst reoccurrence. Intraoperative ISC is an expedient and inexpensive diagnostic technique that can guide most appropriate treatment in dogs with large RCs.     

INTRAOSSEOUS EPIDERMOID CYSTS IN THE DISTAL PHALANX OF TWO DOGS

Two dogs were presented with a history of lameness associated with swelling of one of the digits. Radiographs of the affected digits revealed an irregularly mineralized, smoothly marginated proliferative bone lesion in the distal phalanx of one dog and a destructive bony lesion in the distal phalanx of the second dog. The differential diagnosis included nail bed carcinoma, malignant melanoma, osteomyelitis, and subungual keratoacanthoma. Radiographic findings and no response to medical treatment resulted in amputation and submission of the digits for a histopathologic diagnosis. Histologic examination of the distal phalanx of the digits revealed benign epidermoid cysts associated with either bony proliferation or osteolysis. Excision of the lesions was curative. This report presents the clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic findings associated with intraosseous epidermoid cysts in the distal phalanx of two dogs. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, Vol. 33, No. 3, 1992, pp 133–137 .     

Effect of tillage intensity on population densities of Heterodera glycines in intensive soybean production systems

The effects of tillage on Heterodera glycines, the most important yield-reducing pathogen of soybean in the U.S., were examined in a long-term tillage and crop sequence study initiated in 1975 on a mollisol at Purdue University. Population densities of H. glycines were monitored under corn–soybean rotation and soybean monoculture in 2003 and 2004. Tillage treatments included: (A) fall moldboard plow + spring secondary tillage; (B) fall chisel plow + spring secondary tillage; (C) ridge tillage; and (D) no-tillage. In both years in the rotational plots, final population densities of H. glycines were proportional to tillage intensity. Under both soybean and corn rotation crops, highest population densities were observed with plowing + secondary tillage and lowest population densities were detected under no-tillage. In 2004, population densities in monoculture soybean soil declined with depth intervals in layers of 0–10, 10–20, and 20–30-cm depth under no-till, but not in plowed plots. Multiple regression analysis determined that the stratification of nematode population densities was strongly correlated to penetrometer resistance and potassium concentration of the soil. Tillage seemed to affect population densities of H. glycines by modification of the soil physical parameters in corn–soybean rotation plots. Reducing tillage intensity was beneficial in reducing population densities of H. glycines in rotational soils. Thus, the choice of tillage system can reduce the risk for damage by this widely distributed pathogen.     

实验性感染山羊脑内弓形虫包囊检查方法比较

６只实验性感染弓形虫的山羊于感染后４０～４２ｄ扑杀，采用小鼠生物学检查法、直接镜检和免疫酶组织化学法检查脑内弓形虫包囊。结果三种方法均可检到脑内弓形虫包囊，其中免疫酶组织化学法优于其它两种方法。