Structural and Biometric Characterization of Nothofagus betuloides Production Forests in the Magellan Region,Chile

Summary

This study, in die Chilean Magellan Region, undertook the structural and biométrie characterization of Nothofagus betuloides (Mirb.) Blume (coihue de Magallanes) production forests to provide information for sustainable forest management. Six locations were surveyed, five on the continent and one on Tierra del Fuego Island. A total of 6,102 ha were photointerpreted and then checked and described in the field according to their location, environmental characteristic, and vegetation type. The degree of disturbance, stage of development, status of regeneration, and composition and cover of the understory were also described. From the surveyed locations, a total of 3,807 ha were production forests of which a 76% area had Nothofagus pumilio (lenga) and N. betuloides mixed forests. The remaining areas (24%) were pure N. betuloides forests. Nondisturbed, old-growth forests covered 47% of the surveyed area. The remaining area (53%) had some disturbance. In the nondisturbed forests, mean volume stocks were 438 m³ ha^-1, and in disturbed forests, mean volume stocks were 316 m³ ha^-1.     

猕猴桃全光喷雾扦插快速育苗研究

用中华猕猴桃(Actindia chinensis Planch.)‘江西79—1’、‘79—3’、‘奉新79—2’于6月中旬进行嫩枝全光喷雾扦插,苗床温度为25—30℃,叶面相对湿度为85%以上,以蛭石为扦插基质,插条基部用1000ppm吲哚丁酸进行速蘸(30秒)处理。试验结果插条发根率77.1%。插后5天产生愈伤组织,20天生根 40天移栽时单株平均根数为11.8条,平均根长6.9cm,最多根数35条,最长根17.9cm;移栽成活率85%以上。移栽苗当年新梢长2—10cm,第2年枝蔓平均长49.7cm,最长蔓137cm。     

哈尔滨北方森林动物园观赏肉食目动物寄生蠕虫感染情况调查

为了解哈尔滨北方森林动物园观赏肉食目动物寄生蠕虫的感染状况，于2009年3～5月采用饱和盐水漂浮法和水洗沉淀法对犬、猫、熊和浣熊4科的67只观赏肉食目动物粪便进行了蠕虫虫卵检查。结果有19只检出虫卵，感染率为28．4％。其中猫科、熊科、浣熊科、犬科的感染率分别为63．6％、16．7％、14．3％和5．0％，在检出的虫卵中，各种蛔虫卵占优势。该调查为动物园制定肉食目动物驱虫方案奠定了基础。     

日粮中不饱和脂肪酸对畜禽免疫影响的研究进展

日粮中的不饱和脂肪酸在一定程度上影响畜禽的免疫反应，本文主要从不饱和脂肪酸对淋巴细胞膜，淋巴细胞增殖，体液免疫，淋巴细胞及免疫器官这五方面的影响作一综述。     

Control of rabies: epidemiology of rabies in Asia and development of new-generation vaccines for rabies

Rabies is an enzootic viral disease widespread throughout the world. Although it is a vaccine-preventable disease, the annual number of human deaths caused by rabies is estimated to be 32,000 in Asia. Phylogenetic analysis based on sequence data of the partial N gene of rabies viruses in Asia has shown that the viruses are divided into five genogroups, distributed in Middle East, South Asia, South East Asia, Malay, and Arctic regions. The genetic relationships among these rabies viruses agree basically with the results of previous studies. Meanwhile, new types of vaccines are being developed by applying gene manipulation techniques to rabies virus in order to overcome the disadvantages of current vaccines. This article reviews the molecular epidemiology of rabies in Asia and progress made in the development of new-generation rabies vaccines with the goal of elimination or control of rabies in Asia.     

Dengue hemorrhagic fever with special emphasis on immunopathogenesis

Dengue virus infections are a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in most tropical and subtropical areas of the world; Southeast and South Asia, Central and South America, and the Caribbean. Dengue virus infection can be asymptomatic or causes two forms of illness, dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), which is the severe form of dengue illness and often fatal. Pathogenesis of DHF has been analyzed, and two mechanisms are considered to be responsible. These include dengue serotype cross-reactive immune responses and virulence of the virus. The immunopathological mechanisms include a complex series of immune responses. Rapid increase in the levels of cytokines, especially TNF-, and chemical mediators play a key role in inducing unique clinical manifestations of DHF such as plasma leakage, shock, and hemorrhagic manifestations. It is understood that the process is initiated by infection with a virulent dengue virus, often in the presence of antibodies that enhance dengue virus infection in secondary infection, and then triggered by rapidly elevated cytokines and chemical mediators that were produced by intense immune activation. However, complete understanding of the entire pathological mechanism is far from complete, and further studies are still needed.     

大兴安岭不同冻土带土壤动物生态地理研究

2003年6月、8月、10月对大兴安岭不同冻土带选择沼泽、柳丛、耕地、次生林群落进行土壤动物调查，共获土壤动物39225只，隶属于4门8纲24目。由对大型、中小型及湿生三类土壤动物的数量分析可知，三类土壤动物数量的变化在群落间并不总是成正相关的关系。水平分布调查表明，中小型土壤动物的个体数量和类群数量从岛状冻土带到连续多年冻土带逐渐减少，该分布与土壤动物分布的一般规律（土壤动物分布通常符合纬度地带性分布规律，即由低纬向高纬逐渐减少）一致，但大型土壤动物的个体数量、类群数和生物量基本上从岛状冻土带到连续多年冻土带逐渐增加（即由低纬向高纬逐渐增加），湿生动物的数量也如此分布，这与土壤动物分布的一般规律不一致甚至相悖，这一特点表现出生态系统局部-区域相互关系的复杂性；土壤动物的类群数、个体数量与土壤有机质、全氮的含量呈明显的正相关；垂直分布调查表明，中小型土壤动物的个体数量和类群数量分布表现出明显的表聚性，但大型土壤动物的个体数量与生物量最大值出现在第二层；土壤动物多样性分析表明，中小型土壤动物的多样性指数从岛状冻土带到连续多年冻土带逐渐减小，而大型土壤动物的多样性指数在不同冻土带间的变化规律不明显。     

畜禽缺硒病的病理形态学变化的系列研究

１９７２－１９９０年间在我省缺硒地区采集马、牛、羊、猪、禽类等动物的自然病例，为进行系统的病理形态学研究又做了人工发病试验。本研究应用多种特殊染色、透射电镜检查，ｘ射线微量分析、组织化学等手段对骨骼肌、心肌、肝等做了研究。为缺硒病的诊断和防治提供新的依据。     

盾壳霉几丁质酶和葡聚糖酶酶动力学性质初步研究

盾壳霉几丁质酶和葡聚糖酶酶动力学性质研究表明:几丁质酶和葡聚糖酶的酶促反应,在本试验计量范围内,其反应速度与酶量和底物浓度均呈正相关,但两种酶促反应适宜的温度和pH值有较大差。几丁质酶降解几丁质的最适反应温度为50℃,最适pH值为8.0,葡聚糖酶降解葡聚糖的最适反应温度为60℃,最适pH值为3.0。     

肉食家畜不同部位肌肉组分及其系水力的比较性研究

本试验选用猪、牛和羊的躯干肌肉腰大肌及背最长肌和面部肌肉咬肌为样品,进行肌浆蛋白的电泳分析,测定了系水力、羟脯氨酸、肌红蛋白、脂肪、水分和氮的含量。结果表明:不同部位肌肉组分和系水力差异明显,咬肌肌浆蛋白电泳带与腰大肌和背最长肌差异显著,前者的系水力亦远高于后两者(P<0.01)。咬肌还具有肌红蛋白含量高(猪和牛P<0.01;羊P<0.05),羟脯氨酸、水分含量多(P<0.01)的特征,作者认为肌肉肌浆蛋白与其系水力关系密切,咬肌主要是由红肌纤维组成,此类肌肉具有较好的保水性能。