太行山中段植物群落草本植物优势种种间联结性分析

植物种间关联研究对揭示植物对生境变化的响应及植被演替机制具有重要意义。运用2×2列联表、2χ检验方法对群落草本植物优势种进行总体相关性和种对间的联结性检验,应用Spearman秩相关系数刻画种对间的数量变化关系,对太行山中段植物群落草本层中重要值较高的32个优势种群、496个种对间的关联性进行定量研究。结果表明,太行山中段草本植物优势种整体上多呈现正关联,群落处于较稳定的演替阶段。其中2χ检验结果有75个种对呈极显著正关联,74个种对呈显著正关联,只有20个种对为不显著的负关联。Spearman秩相关分析结果有43个种对呈极显著相关,79个种对呈显著相关,只有6对为不显著的负相关。对生境要求相同或相似的种对表现出显著的正关联。χ2检验呈显著、极显著相关的种对数多于秩相关分析。     

Detection of all Chlamydophila and Chlamydia spp. of veterinary interest using species-specific real-time PCR assays

The aim of the present study was to analyse the occurrence of chlamydiae in several mammalian host species. Clinical samples that previously tested positive in a Chlamydiaceae-specific real-time PCR were retested using six species-specific real-time PCR assays to identify the chlamydial species involved. Chlamydophila (Cp.) abortus was the agent most frequently found in cattle, sheep, horses, goats, and pigs. Detection in cattle of Cp. psittaci (11% of samples) and Chlamydia (C.) suis (9%), as well as Cp. psittaci in a goat sample was somewhat unexpected. DNA of two different chlamydiae was identified in 56 (12.7%) of 440 samples tested. Cp. felis was the predominant species found in cats, while in guinea pigs and rabbits only Cp. caviae was detected. Interestingly, the latter two pathogens were also identified in samples from dogs. The data show that mixed chlamydial infections are not rare and suggest an extended host range of individual species.     

Variation of Aujeszky's disease viruses in wild swine in USA

In the United States of America, Aujeszky's disease (pseudorabies) has been eradicated from all domestic swine. Some re-emergence of infection occurred as vaccine use diminished. Sporadic outbreaks have also occurred because of the reservoir of infection in feral swine that have spread across the southern two-thirds of the country and Hawaii. In order to be able to understand the origins of re-emerging virus, sequence analysis of variable genes in pseudorabies virus (PRV) has been used to differentiate strains. Most PRV from feral swine can be distinguished from virus circulating in domestic pigs during the national epizootic. However, several feral swine isolates of PRV from south central states are closely related or identical in sequence to strains from domestic pigs. Extensive study by PCR for the presence of virus in the oral cavity of feral pigs disclosed that the viral DNA is distributed widely in tonsils salivary glands, taste buds and even mucosa in the vicinity of tusks. Clearly the virus in feral swine has multiple mechanisms of transmission to insure persistent infection and the threat of re-emergence in domestic swine continues.     

Penetrating injury at the thoracic inlet in a Paint‐Arab mare

A 12‐year‐old Paint‐Arab mare was admitted for evaluation of a penetrating chest laceration at the thoracic inlet. The left brachiocephalic muscle was transected and the recurrent laryngeal nerve was traumatised. Subsequent to the injury, the horse developed Horner's syndrome on the left side of the neck and face, Grade IV left laryngeal hemiplegia, dysphagia, cough and subcutaneous emphysema. The defect was closed in multiple layers. Antimicrobial and antiinflammatory therapy was instituted along with local wound care. The mare remained bright and responsive and the wound healed normally. The mare showed no signs of respiratory distress. Dysphagia and ptosis persisted at 30 days post trauma.     

试论《三国志》裴松之注“凿空语怪”的文学意义

《三国志》裴松之注因为引用了几则具有志怪性质的材料,而被历来史家批评其“凿空语怪”、“坐长烦芜”。事实上,裴松之在引援这些注文时并非是不加选汰而盲目采用的。裴松之用审慎的态度和隐蔽的手段,把自己对历史人物及事实的评价暗蕴于注解之中。而且,其保存小说材料和用小说注史之功,是不可泯没的。《三国志》裴松之注将历史与小说相结合,则对当下的玄幻小说创作具有一定的启迪意义。     

鸡肾型传染性支气管炎组织病理学变化规律的研究

为制造疾病模型便于防治鸡肾型传支。将1日龄健康雏鸡70只分为A、B、C 3组(试验组、对照组和感染组),试验组人工接种IBV肾型毒株,感染组晚1 d放入试验组内混养,常规饲养管理,每日4次观察接毒后的临床症状,同时定期剖检病鸡和病死鸡,取多脏器固定于10%福尔马林液中、石蜡切片、HE染色,显微镜下观察组织病理学变化,按严重程度标+~++++后记录并标明曲线。结果表明,在整个试验过程中肾脏的病理变化最为严重并且持续时间较长,从第2天开始出现病变,并持续到第20天;其次是肺脏,病变出现在第5~16天;肝脏和肺脏的病变时间相同只是程度轻一些;心脏的病变出现在第6~13天。1 d后,感染组也出现相似的病理变化,说明此病的传染性很强。     

IgE reactivity to milk components in dogs with cutaneous adverse food reactions

We investigated the IgE reactivity to crude and purified milk antigens in the sera of 112 dogs with cutaneous adverse food reactions (CAFRs). Of the 112 dogs, 33 (29%) had specific IgE for crude milk antigens. In the dogs with milk-specific IgE, IgE reactivity to casein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, and bovine IgG were 81%, 85%, 39%, 27%, and 35%, respectively. Casein and BSA may be important allergens in dogs with CAFRs. Some canine vaccines contain casein hydrolysate as a stabilizer and the pooled serum with anti-casein IgE showed IgE reactivity to the vaccines containing it. Information about IgE reactivity to casein in dogs with CAFRs could be useful for predicting adverse reactions to the vaccines including casein hydrolysate.     

A surgical approach to the lateral compartment of the equine guttural pouch in the standing horse: modification of the forgotten "Garm technique"

The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy and complications following lavage and drainage of the lateral compartment (LC) of the equine guttural pouch (GP) using a modified Garm's technique (MGT). In an ex vivo study (study 1), six cadaver heads were examined to assess the anatomical limits of the surgical approach and whether vital structures might be damaged. This was followed by an in vivo study (study 2) in which a lavage/drainage tube was placed for 3 days into each LC of four standing horses using the MGT. In both studies, the procedure offered direct access into the LC and indirect access into the medial compartments of the GP. In study 1, the MGT provided a rostroventral point of access allowing drainage of the LC, with no obvious iatrogenic damage. In study 2, the MGT permitted lavage of the entire GP in three healthy horses and one horse with mild GP empyema. The only major complication was development of emphysema of the lateral wall of one LC, with secondary collapse of the mucous membrane. The time for secondary wound healing was 12-14 days. The MGT can be performed safely in standing horses and may be of value in providing access for lavage and drainage in horses with mild GP empyema.