日粮中添加角黄素和阿卜酯对母鸡产蛋性能和蛋黄颜色的影响

研究日粮中添加角黄素和阿卜酯及日粮总着色素量对蛋鸡产蛋性能、蛋黄颜色和1日龄雏鸡脚胫部皮肤着色的影响。按照3×3因子设计试验分为9个处理,每个处理70只蛋鸡,分别饲喂添加有角黄素(25mg、50mg和100mg)和阿卜酯(25mg、50mg和100mg)的日粮,试验42天。结果表明,日粮中添加角黄素明显降低产蛋率、蛋重和饲料报酬,对受精率无明显影响;添加阿卜酯可提高种蛋受精率,而对产蛋率、蛋重和饲料报酬无明显影响。角黄素和阿卜酯使蛋黄和1日龄雏鸡脚胫皮肤着黄色显著加深,蛋黄的黄色程度与日粮总着色素含量呈高度正相关(R=0.95),1日龄雏鸡脚胫部皮肤黄色程度与蛋黄的黄色程度呈高度正相关(r=0.96)。     

我国部分地区Sicinivirus流行病学调查

Sicinivirus是一种禽类新发病毒,可引起家禽发育迟缓综合症、腹泻、吸收不良综合征等.目前,仅部分国家开展了该病毒的流行病学调查,研究数据极为有限.为明确该病毒在我国的流行情况,以及该病毒感染率与地域、宿主、养殖方式之间的关系,2019年下半年在江苏、广西、河北、安徽、广东、上海、湖北和江西8个省(自治区、直辖市...     

Horizontal transmission dynamics of White spot syndrome virus by cohabitation trials in juvenile Penaeus monodon and P. vannamei

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV), a rod-shaped double-stranded DNA virus, is an infectious agent causing fatal disease in shrimp farming around the globe. Within shrimp populations WSSV is transmitted very fast, however, the modes and dynamics of transmission of this virus are not well understood. In the current study the dynamics of disease transmission of WSSV were investigated in small, closed populations of Penaeus monodon and Penaeus vannamei. Pair cohabitation experiments using PCR as a readout for virus infection were used to estimate transmission parameters for WSSV in these two species. The mortality rate of contact-infected shrimp in P. monodon was higher than the rate in P. vannamei. The transmission rate parameters for WSSV were not different between the two species. The relative contribution of direct and indirect transmission rates of WSSV differed between the two species. For P. vannamei the direct contact transmission rate of WSSV was significantly lower than the indirect environmental transmission rate, but for P. monodon, the opposite was found. The reproduction ratio R₀ for WSSV for these two species of shrimp was estimated to be above one: 2.07 (95%CI 1.53, 2.79) for P. monodon and 1.51 (95%CI 1.12, 2.03) for P. vannamei. The difference in R₀ between the two species is due to a lower host mortality and hence a longer infectious period of WSSV in P. monodon.     

香蕉茎叶粉固态发酵条件优化及鹅对其养分利用率的研究

本试验旨在研究应用固态发酵技术改善香蕉茎叶粉养分组成的工艺参数及鹅对其养分的利用率。选择米曲霉和产朊假丝酵母作为发酵菌种,逐步探究5个因素(单菌种发酵、硫酸铵添加量、米曲霉和产朊假丝酵母接种比例、混合菌液接种量)对发酵后香蕉茎叶粉蛋白质含量的影响。利用正交设计筛选最优发酵温度、底物水分和发酵时间的组合。结果显示:米曲霉和产朊假丝酵母单独发酵均能显著或极显著提高发酵后香蕉茎叶粉的粗蛋白质含量(P0.05或P0.01)。添加硫酸铵能显著或极显著提高发酵后香蕉茎叶粉的真蛋白质含量(P0.05或P0.01),其中添加2%硫酸铵组的真蛋白质含量最高。米曲霉∶产朊假丝酵母接种比例为2∶1的处理发酵后香蕉茎叶粉的蛋白质净增加量显著或极显著高于比例为1∶1、1∶3和3∶2的处理(P0.05或P0.01)。正交试验结果显示,以4%的接种量、接种比例为2∶1(米曲霉∶产朊假丝酵母)、2%的硫酸铵添加量,在基质水分为50%,30℃的环境下发酵4 d效果最佳。经过该工艺发酵后的香蕉茎叶粉粗蛋白质含量提高了33.82%,氨基酸分析结果显示,除赖氨酸和精氨酸外其余的15种氨基酸含量均有不同程度的提高。马冈鹅的代谢试验结果显示,发酵后香蕉茎叶粉中的粗蛋白质利用率提高了52.66%,极显著高于发酵前(P0.01);此外,代谢能和能量利用率也都略有提高(P0.05)。由此可见,经过该发酵工艺发酵后的香蕉茎叶粉营养价值不仅得到了改善,也促进了鹅对其养分的消化吸收。     

夏、冬两季猪源葡萄球菌耐药情况比较

本研究旨在比较夏、冬两季某规模化养猪场猪源葡萄球菌的耐药情况。分别在夏、冬两季对猪场同一猪采集其直肠肛拭子样和鼻腔鼻拭子样,采用微量肉汤稀释法对分离出的葡萄球菌进行临床9种常用抗菌药物的药敏试验。结果显示,夏季鼻腔分离的葡萄球菌对阿米卡星、氟苯尼考、氧氟沙星、苯唑西林和克林霉素5种抗菌药物的耐药率均高于冬季分离的鼻腔菌。夏季直肠分离的葡萄球菌对阿莫西林/克拉维酸、苯唑西林、庆大霉素、氧氟沙星、四环素、克林霉素和利福平7种抗菌药物的耐药率低于冬季分离的直肠菌。且夏、冬两季鼻腔分离的葡萄球菌多药耐药种数在0~9耐均有分布,夏、冬两季直肠分离的葡萄球菌多药耐药种数在1~9均耐有分布。冬季鼻腔分离的葡萄球菌6耐的多药百分率显著高于夏季分离菌的多药百分率（P＜0.05）,冬季直肠分离的葡萄球菌8耐的多药百分率显著高于夏季分离菌的多药百分率（P＜0.05）。结果表明,夏、冬两季猪不同部位分离的葡萄球菌对大多数被检抗菌药物的耐药率情况不同,其耐药率与养殖场季节性用药呈现相关性。     

6种热带亚热带豆科牧草抗寒性及营养品质比较

为了筛选华南地区适宜的优质冬季青饲料草种,本研究比较了旋扭山绿豆(Desmodium intortum)、大叶山蚂蟥(Desmodium laxiflorum)、异果山绿豆(Desmodium heterocarpum)、显脉山绿豆(Desmodium reticulatum)、糙毛假地豆(Desmodium heterocarpum var.strigosum)和柱花草(Stylosanthes guianensis)6种热带亚热带豆科牧草在广州越冬期的抗寒性及营养品质。结果表明,除柱花草外,其它5种豆科牧草均能保持青绿越冬,其中旋扭山绿豆和大叶山蚂蟥的叶绿素含量均显著高于其它牧草(P0.05)。旋扭山绿豆的净光合速率最高(P0.05),其次是大叶山蚂蟥(P0.05),因此这两种牧草具有相对较强的抗寒性;与其它牧草相比,旋扭山绿豆在冬季能保持较高的粗蛋白含量(15.99%~20.26%)(P0.05)以及较低的洗涤纤维(NDF 27.92%~30.89%、ADF 23.96%~27.06%)和缩合单宁含量(6.05~11.95mg·g~(-1))(P0.05),因而具有较高的营养价值。因此,旋扭山绿豆可以作为华南地区冬季豆科青饲料的潜在优选草种。     

华北驼绒藜雨季移栽成活率研究

本文是不同季节移栽华北驼绒藜(Ceratoides arborescens)系列研究之一。干旱区春季生态建植有补水之苦,雨季移栽表明,不需坐水或补水,成活率可高达60%,浸根可提高成活率至90%;说明雨季移栽是可行的。移栽植株数日内叶片含水量和叶绿素含量急剧下降、脯氨酸含量骤然升高,含量恢复过程则较缓慢,说明移栽使植株突然损伤,但终能恢复至正常生理状态。     

The impact of MK-467 on sedation,heart rate and arterial blood pressure after intramuscular coadministration with dexmedetomidine in conscious cats

Objective

To study the effects of MK-467, a peripheral α₂-adrenoceptor antagonist, on sedation, heart rate and blood pressure after intramuscular (IM) coadministration with 25 μg kg^?1 of dexmedetomidine in cats.

Reproductive characteristics in female Swedish moose (Alces alces), with emphasis on puberty,timing of oestrus,and mating

Background

The moose (Alces alces) is an intensively managed keystone species in Fennoscandia. Several aspects of reproduction in moose have not been fully elucidated, including puberty, timing of mating and oestrus, and the length of the oestrus period. These aspects are relevant for an adaptive management of moose with respect to harvest, population size, demography and environmental conditions. Therefore, an investigation of female moose reproduction was conducted during the moose-hunting period in southern Sweden from 2008 to 2011.

Results

A total of 250 reproductive organs and information on carcass weight and age was collected from four different hunting areas (provinces of Öland, Småland, Södermanland, and Västergötland) in southern Sweden. The results showed that puberty in female moose varied with carcass weight, age, and time of season. The period for oestrous/mating lasted from about mid September to the beginning of November.

Conclusions

The oestrus period (predominantly for heifers) is longer than previously reported and was not finished when the hunting period started. Sampling the uterine cervix to detect spermatozoa was a useful method to determine if mating had occurred. To avoid hunting of moose during oestrus, we suggest that the hunting period should be postponed by at least 14 days in southern Sweden.