附子秸秆残茬对水稻的化感效应

[目的]探明附子秸秆残茬对水稻的化感效应。[方法]通过添加附子秸秆残茬不同腐解液,采用平板培养法进行水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长试验。[结果]除秸秆残茬添加附子田土壤腐解15 d原液(SBW15)处理7 d外,其余附子残茬腐解原液处理3 d与7 d的水稻种子均不发芽,其25%稀释液处理3 d亦不同程度抑制水稻种子萌发与根系生长,但处理7 d对根系生长表现出抑制与促进双重作用;除25%SBW15稀释处理7 d外,其余腐解液对水稻发芽率、根长及发芽指数均表现化感抑制作用,且处理3 d的抑制作用强于7 d。[结论]附子秸秆残茬对水稻的化感效应与秸秆残茬腐解液浓度及处理时间有关。     

党参多糖口服液对小白鼠免疫功能的影响

给小鼠灌服不同剂量（每kg体重灌服9、5、7 g生药）的党参多糖口服液后,通过测定小鼠免疫脏器指数、网状内皮系统吞噬功能、半数溶血值等指标的变化评价其对免疫系统的作用。结果显示,党参多糖口服液可显著增强小鼠网状内皮系统的吞噬功能,提高成年小鼠脾脏指数（P<0.05）,能显著增强小鼠半数溶血值,提高小鼠的血清溶血素抗体生成水平（P<0.05）,说明党参多糖口服液有显著的免疫调节能力。该试验可为党参多糖口服液的临床应用提供参考。     

Numerical analysis on fan shaped air blast atomizer parameters

Based on Eulerian Lagrangian coupling algorithm, the performance parameters of Fan shaped air blast atomizer is simulated. It is shown that when gas liquid mass flow ratio is constant, the spray angle and velocity of droplet decreases and SMD increases gradually with the increase of orifice width. Therefore, in order to obtain much smaller liquid droplet, orifice width should not be too wide. When the orifice width is constant, along with the increase of gas liquid mass flow ratio, SMD decreases firstly and increases later when reaching the minimum. And SMD minimum value is 39.5 μm when the orifice width is 0.6 mm.     

苦瓜叶片提取液对美洲斑潜蝇杀虫作用与生长发育的影响

采用乙醚、丙酮、乙醇3种有机溶剂浸提和热提7个品种的苦瓜叶片，获取叶片提取液，利用提取液研究其对美洲斑潜蝇的杀虫作用和生长发育的影响。结果表明：苦瓜叶片提取液对美洲斑潜蝇成虫有一定的触杀作用，对卵的孵化及幼虫生长发育有明显的抑制作用，使孵化离、化蛹率和羽化率降低，其中以大麻子苦瓜叶片的丙酮浸提液效果最佳。     

不同烃链长度咪唑类离子液体对玉米幼苗生长的影响

为探讨离子液体(ILs)对农业生物的毒性,以典型农作物玉米为材料,采用水培法研究三种不同烃链长度离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([C4mim]Cl)、1-己基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([C6mim]Cl)和1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([C8mim]Cl)在不同浓度下对幼苗的根、茎生长以及部分生理生化指标的影响。结果表明:三种离子液体对玉米幼苗根、茎干重均有显著抑制作用。由EC50值得出,抑制程度表现为[C4mim]Cl[C6mim]Cl[C8mim]Cl,且对根重的抑制大于茎重。随三种离子液体处理浓度增加,玉米幼苗根、茎抗氧化酶系(SOD、POD、CAT、APX)总体呈下降趋势,而丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高,表明氧化胁迫可能是离子液体产生毒性的重要原因。     

不同腐解方式下棉秆腐解液对棉花种子萌发的化感效应

针对新疆棉区长期连作与棉花秸秆还田的普遍现象,分别采用自然腐解与接种微生物人工腐解的方式处理棉秆,研究了2种腐解液对棉花种子萌发的化感作用.结果表明,棉秆自然腐解液对棉花种子萌发具有较强的自毒作用,在腐解液浓度达到5 g/L时,种子发芽率与发芽指数即开始显著(P<0.05)降低;而已发芽种子的生长活力受影响较小,可耐受高达30 g/L的腐解液浓度.经人工腐解,棉秆腐解液的自毒化感效应得到极大消除,在50 g/L腐解液浓度的试验范围内,种子萌发率未受显著抑制,反而发芽种子的活力指数及胚根干重均有极显著增加(P<0.01).两种腐解方式下种子萌发情况的差异性检验表明,人工腐解处理的种子发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数与活力指数等指标值较之自然腐解处理有极显著增高(P<0.01),胚根干重增加显著(P<0.05).     

Numerical simulation of flow field dynamics characteristics for a novel twin screw kneader

The numerical simulation for dynamic characteristics of the flow field of a novel twin screw kneader is carried out. The numerical simulation model of twin screw kneader is established,and the three dimensional,isothermal and steady numerical analyses of non newtonian fluid are presented based on computational fluid dynamics(CFD)theory,and the characteristics under the conditions of different speeds and center distances,such as the distribution of pressure and velocity field,the maximum shear stress,the mass flow rate and so on,are studied. The research results show that：with increasing speed,the maximum flow pressure,the mass flow rate and the maximum shear stress increase; the maximum shear stress increases first and then decreases with increasing of center distance of the screw rotors,while the mass flow rate increases with increasing of center distance; but when the center distance reaches a certain degree,the mass flow rate is negative and the material appears serious reflux which can make the kneader stop working. The results provide a theoretical basis for performance prediction and reasonable designing for the novel twin screw kneader.     

Novel lysimeter techniques — a basis for the improved investigation of water,gas, and solute transport in soils

For many years lysimeters have been proven to be effective tools in assessing and predicting the effects of current land use and future land use changes in catchment areas on both water and solute balances. Although due to the diverse aspects of mass transport modelling, many different types of lysimeters exist, water and solute balances are by no means fully understood, especially in post‐mining areas. To tackle this problem, a new piece of equipment has been developed which enables the actual weight of a lysimeter to be precisely measured. The newly designed device, which has been used for one of the experiments described in this paper, permits the weighing of for example a 2 m³ lysimeter vessel with an accuracy down to 30 g. The second newly developed appliance presented here is the GAMS (Gas‐Migration‐Simulator). Basically comparable to a lysimeter, the difference is that the GAMS allows the detailed investigation of soil‐gas migration processes and their dependence on parameters like the diffusion coefficient and the gas permeability of the soil, alterations of the groundwater level and on various external influences such as changes of the actual meteorological conditions. These two newly developed techniques are described in this paper, and their respective suitability is demonstrated on the basis of data sets recorded during initial experiments.     

非水相流体在多孔介质中迁移的研究进展

从非水相流体（NAPLs）在多孔介质中的持留特性、渗透特征、迁移的数学模型以及试验方法和技术等方面综述了非水相流体在多孔介质中迁移理论的研究进展。在分析国内外研究现状的基础上，指出了今后非水相流体在多孔介质中迁移理论研究的方向和发展趋势，提出了需要进一步研究的关键性问题。