粮食产后处理模式的系统分析与优化

从处理成本、处理时间消耗、粮食损失3个方面分析了浙江省现行粮食产后处理模式中存在的问题,利用动态规划方法对粮食产后处理模式中处理效率与损失率进行了系统分析.分析结果表明,在粮食产后系统中采用精细农业技术和装备,是提高作业效率和降低损失的有效途径.     

叶甲科的系统学研究进展

叶甲科昆虫是农业、林业及牧业的重要害虫．从叶甲科的分类简史、化石研究、形态学、细胞学以及分子生物学等方面综述了叶甲科昆虫的系统分类学研究,为进一步研究叶甲的生物学特性,寻求防治对策提供理论基础．     

分子标记及其在蔬菜遗传育种中的应用

本文简要介绍了分子标记技术的发展历史、研究现状和在蔬菜遗传育种研究中常用的几种分子标记技术．并概述了分子标记在蔬菜遗传育种研究中的应用现状，同时对分子标记技术在蔬菜遗传育种研究中的应用前景进行了展望。     

水稻转录因子OsWRKY68蛋白质的表达特征及其功能特性

【目的】 水稻中有近百个WRKY转录因子家族成员,其中很多与生长发育、生物与非生物逆境胁迫应答有关。河北农业大学生命科学学院分子生物学与生物信息学实验室（molecular biology & bioinformatics lab,MBB）前期发现OsWRKY68在水稻接种白叶枯病菌后诱导表达,本研究试图进一步探究OsWRKY68的功能。【方法】 采集水稻TP309不同生长发育时期的组织样品,包括萌发期、幼苗期、分蘖期、孕穗期和开花期的根、茎、叶、叶鞘、叶枕、穗子、花药、颖壳和种子,以及非生物胁迫（4℃、44℃、48℃、淹、NaCl、PEG、恒光和恒暗）和激素处理（脱落酸、茉莉酸甲酯、水杨酸和乙烯利）的叶片,提取总蛋白质,用水稻OsWRKY68蛋白质特异抗体,通过免疫印迹（western blot,WB）技术系统调查OsWRKY68蛋白质在水稻正常发育过程中不同时期、不同组织、非生物胁迫及激素处理条件下的表达特征。构建RNAi载体,通过农杆菌介导的方法转化水稻TP309,对转基因植株进行PCR和WB鉴定,观察OsWRKY68 RNAi转基因植株的表型并测量其株高、分蘖数、穗长、小穗数和结实率等性状。【结果】 调查OsWRKY68蛋白质的表达丰度,发现OsWRKY68蛋白质在水稻正常生长发育过程中基本呈组成型表达,且在大部分组织中表达丰度差异倍数不大,但在开花期的花药中OsWRKY68表达量高于成熟穗、穗轴和颖壳;在分蘖期和孕穗期的叶鞘中不表达,仅在开花期的叶鞘中表达;在孕穗期的幼穗中,随着幼穗长度的增加其表达丰度逐渐降低。调查水稻非生物胁迫和激素处理后OsWRKY68蛋白质的表达特征,发现盐胁迫后OsWRKY68蛋白质的表达丰度随时间延长持续下降,恒光处理后OsWRKY68蛋白质表达量持续上升,3 d时明显出现一条分子质量较大的条带（记作OsWRKY68 ⁺）,且表达量逐渐增加,茉莉酸甲酯（methyl jasmonate,MeJA）和乙烯利（ethephon,ET）处理后同样也呈现OsWRKY68 ⁺蛋白质丰度的增加。对转基因植株进行鉴定和自交繁殖,对T₃代的4个OsWRKY68 RNAi转基因株系（Y316、Y317、Y326和Y337）进行PCR和WB鉴定,均表现阳性。在转基因植株中,OsWRKY68蛋白质的表达量均低于野生型TP309。对转基因植株进行表型观察和性状测量,发现与野生型相比转基因植株的株高降低、分蘖数和结实率下降等。 【结论】 OsWRKY68蛋白质在水稻正常生长发育中发挥作用,敲低OsWRKY68蛋白质的表达能影响水稻的正常生长。OsWRKY68蛋白质可能参与盐、光照、茉莉酸甲酯和乙烯介导的信号转导过程。     

DNA分子标记技术在四大怀药研究中的应用概况

DNA分子标记技术是比形态标记、细胞标记和生化标记理想的遗传标记技术,已经广泛应用于动植物和微生物的诸多研究中。但是它在四大怀药中的应用相对较少。因此,对几种DNA分子标记技术在四大怀药的遗传多样性、指纹图谱、居群遗传结构、品种鉴定和真伪品鉴别等方面的研究成果和新进展进行了综述,以期为四大怀药的深入研究提供参考。     

Effect of cell mediated immunity regulation of duck enhanced by duck IFN-α eukaryon expression plasmid and inoculated with DPV attenuated vaccine by gene-gun

In order to study the effect of cell mediated immunity regulation of duck IFN-α eukaryon expression plasmid (pcDNA-SDIFN-α) on duck plague virus (DPV) attenuated vaccine in ducks, pcDNA-SDIFN-α was administered to 28-day-old ducks at doses of 1, 3 and 6 μg per duck, respectively, by gene-gun. PBS and empty vector pcDNA were used as control. Fifteen days later, all ducks were injected with DPV attenuated vaccine and blood samples were collected at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 49, 63 and 84 days after injection. T-lymphocyte proliferation tests (MTT) were used to detect the T-lymphocyte proliferation in the peripheral blood (PBL) of ducks. Blood samples collected at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35 and 49 days after injection were detected by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) for recording the number of CD₃ ⁺ T-lymphocytes of ducks. Results were as follows: (1) Reaction of T-lymphocytes in PBL to ConA (OD value) of ducks treated with pcDNA-SDIFN-α was higher than that of PBS and pcDNA control groups in 3–84 days. There were highly significant differences between the 1 μg per duck group and the two control groups in 3–84 days (P ⩽ (0.01), between the 3 μg per duck group and the two control groups in 3–84 days (P ⩽ 0.01, P ⩽ 0.05), and between the 6 μg per duck group and the two control groups in 7–49 days (P ⩽ 0.01, P ⩽ 0.05). The significant difference was also present between the groups of 1, 3 and 6 μg per duck in 3–35 days (P ⩽ 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the 3 and 6 μg per duck groups (P ⩾ 0.05). The pcDNA control group was higher than PBS control group, but no difference was detected (P ⩾ 0.05). (2) Change of the number of CD₃ ⁺ T-lymphocytes in ducks administered with different doses of pcDNA-SDIFN-α was higher than that of PBS and pcDNA control groups in 7–49 days. The change in the 1 μg per duck group was significantly higher than that in PBS and pcDNA control groups in 14–49 days (P ⩽ 0.01). There were significant differences between the 3 μg per duck group and the two control groups in 21–49 days (P ⩽ 0.01, P ⩽ 0.05) and between the 6 μg per duck group and the two control groups in 7–49 days (P ⩽ 0.01, P ⩽ 0.05). However, no significant differences among the groups of 1, 3, and 6 μg per duck groups (P ⩾ 0.05) and between the two control groups (P ⩾ 0.05) were found. The results indicated that pcDNA-SDIFN-α administered 15 days before injection of DPV-attenuated vaccine could significantly enhance cellular immunity induced by DPV-attenuated vaccine. pcDNA-SDIFN-α is an excellent DPV-attenuated vaccine molecular adjuvant and the best result can be obtained with the dose of 1 μg per duck of pcDNA-SDIFN-α inoculated by gene-gun. __________ Translated from Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2007, 38 (10): 1066–1071 [译自: 畜牧兽医学报]     

我国夏季降水类型初探（英文）

[Objective] Study on the spatial distribution of summer precipitation patterns and interannual and interdecadal variability.[Method] The summer precipitation patterns were obtained from standard field of summer precipitation data for 160 observation stations in China during 1951-2000 by the utilization of empirical orthogonal function(EOF),and characteristics of interannual and interdecadal variability were analyzed.[Result] The summer precipitation mainly distributes in eastern part of China;The 1st,2nd and 3rd EOF modes of spatial distribution are especially remarkable as well consistent with the results of previous reports about three rainfall patterns from analysis on the percentages of precipitation anomaly of summer.[Conclusion] There exists interannual and interdecadal variability for summer precipitation in China.     

林木空间分布格局及其与BRDF的关系

将均匀度指数引入林木空间分布格局对双向反射分布函数(BRDF)影响的分析中,利用光学遥感模型定量分析林木空间分布格局对BRDF的影响。结果表明:对于红光波段,在大于树冠尺度上均匀度可以有效地描述林木空间分布格局对BRDF曲线的影响;均匀度与BRDF之间呈现负指数关系,同时这种关系还在一定程度上受郁闭度的影响,郁闭度越大,林木空间分布格局对BRDF的影响也越大。对于近红外波段,由于受多次散射的影响,BRDF与林木空间格局之间的关系更为复杂,均匀度尚未有效描述此关系。     

UV-B辐射胁迫下桃蚜差异基因表达的分子生态初步研究

【目的】研究紫外线UV-B对蚜虫种下分化的影响,筛选、鉴别UV-B诱导条件下差异表达的基因,阐明蚜虫对UV的耐受和反应机理以及分子变异机制,为蚜虫UV-B胁迫条件下的分子生态遗传与进化研究提供理论依据。【方法】以UV-B胁迫桃蚜种群cDNA为试验方(Tester),以正常条件下桃蚜种群cDNA为驱动方(Driver),应用抑制差减杂交(SSH)技术,研究了UV-B胁迫下桃蚜特异基因的表达,并随机选取100个EST克隆测序,分析差异基因的功能。【结果】蚜虫体内参与紫外胁迫的相关基因有6类,其中胁迫诱导相关基因占总基因的10.64%,核酸、脂肪酸代谢相关基因占14.89%,转录相关基因占9.57%,结构蛋白和蛋白合成相关基因占9.57%,共生菌相关基因占8.51%,未知功能基因占19.15%,未知基因占27.66%。半定量RT-PCR扩增结果显示,热休克蛋白70、辅酶NADH、氧化还原酶、表皮蛋白在处理和对照之间的差异均达极显著水平(P0.01),而看家基因在对照和处理间无显著差异。【结论】蚜虫种群对紫外线胁迫的反应不仅依赖于抗氧化作用,还是一个多种抗性途径和多基因协同作用的复杂体系。     

ISSR分子标记在芦柑提纯复壮研究中的应用

采用ISSR(Inter-simple Sequence Repeat)分子标记技术,从随机引物中筛选出能稳定扩增的14条引物,利用2条引物对供试的10个芦柑样品进行PCR扩增,获得了与母本完全一致的条带,从而可以确定鉴定样本为珠心苗。