Emergence timing affects root-collar diameter and mortality in loblolly pine seedbeds

Eight half-sib families of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were sown in a nursery. Total germination, speed and uniformity of germination, root-collar diameters, mortality, and percent cull were recorded by family. Families which germinated quickest attained the greatest average diameters at the end of the growing season. Low variability in date of emergence led to correspondingly low variability in seedling diameter. When data for all families were combined, seedlings which emerged earliest experienced the lowest mortality, had the largest diameters, and produced the fewest culls.     

Experimental verification of<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Lasioderma serricorne</Emphasis> (F.) pupa development threshold previously defined using the thermal constant equation K=D(T−t)

This work verifies the development threshold of the pupal stage of L. serricorne whose larva fed exclusively on dried tobacco leaves. In previous work, using the thermal constant equation, this threshold was found to be 13.8 °C and the thermal constant to range from 89.05 to 94.05 day-degrees (°C). Lower temperatures, 10.5±0.5, 11.5±0.5 and 12.5±0.5 °C, close to this threshold, were tested in the absence of light and at a relative humidity of 65±3% . It was found that no development of either larva or pupa exists below this threshold     

在相同生境不同发生年代的异地取样编制害虫生命表的研究

本研究采用在相同生境不同发生年代的异地取样法,仅用一年时间,对一年一代的青杨天牛(Saperda Populean L.)编制了7个单世代生命表,与用常规累积同种害虫生命表的方法相比缩短了时间,并与通过五年编制的5个单世代生命表比较,存活曲线相同,关键因子一致,各致死因子死亡率的大小顺序也基本一致。说明这种累积生命表的方法在实践中是可行的。     

试论火与兴安落叶松种子发芽条件的关系

兴安落叶松(Larix gmelinii)自然分布区大兴安岭的立地条件和种子发芽条件的特殊性,导致了兴安落叶松天然更新的特殊性。瘠薄的棕色针叶林土,生长季短、冬季漫长以及土壤表层较厚的死地被物层增加了天然更新的难度。然而兴安落叶松的天然更新效果却是令人满意的。兴安落叶松在母树林冠下更新良好,只是在某些林型如草类落叶松林的成熟林冠下更新不良;而在3—10年的择伐迹地和火烧迹地上平均每公顷有13500株幼树。大兴安岭地区兴安落叶松火烧迹地天然更新良好的奥秘何在?火灾后兴安落叶松的种子发芽条件如何?火灾在这方面的作用是什么?作者从天然更新的关键之一——种子     

柳树杂交育种研究

通过多年田间试验证明，旱柳×爆竹柳８号、旱柳×旱柳１０号、钻天柳×白皮柳９号在察右前旗表现速生、抗逆性强的特性。     

应用生物药剂防治舞毒蛾的研究

在2003年,在内蒙古林区利用舞毒蛾核型多角体病毒、BtMP-342、性引诱剂和植物制剂等多种生物措施对舞毒蛾(Lymantria dispar L.)进行防治试验.利用两种浓度(2.632×106 PIB·mL-1 and 2.632×107 PIB·mL-1)的舞毒蛾核型多角体病毒对舞毒蛾2龄幼虫进行喷洒试验,防治效果分别达到70%和77.8%.BtMP0-342被用于舞毒蛾3、4龄幼虫的防治,防治效果达80%.性引诱剂在诱捕舞毒蛾成虫时也显示了良好的效果.自制的植物性杀虫剂是从大兴安岭地区有毒植物中提取的植物性杀虫活性物质,对舞毒蛾的幼虫具有良好的防治效果,在实验室内应用原液防治舞毒蛾3,5龄幼虫的效果达82%.     

浙江丽水柿子研究初报

对浙江丽水柿子主要的５个优良品种的生物学特性及优良性状作了描述，进而简略介绍它们的栽培技术及采收、脱涩加工的方法。     

Bedeutung eines jahreszeitlich unterschiedlichen Einschlagszeitpunktes für das Trocknungsverhalten des Schnittholzes von Fichten (Picea abies (L.) Karst.)

Zusammenfassung:   Die vorliegende Untersuchung hat zum Ziel, die Auswirkungen eines jahreszeitlich unterschiedlichen Einschlagszeitpunktes von Fichten (Winter- und Sommereinschlag) auf die Dimensionsstabilität des daraus erzeugten Schnittholzes zu erfassen und zu quantifizieren. Hierzu wurden jeweils 12 Fichten aus Winter- und Sommereinschlag unmittelbar nach der Aufarbeitung im Bestand zu Bauschnittholz in praxisüblichen Dimensionen verarbeitet. Die Erfassung der trocknungsbedingten Verwerfungen des Schnittholzes erfolgte mittels Vermessung der Kantholzform vor und nach einer technischen Kammertrocknung (Zielfeuchte u = 15 ± 3%). Dabei zeigte sich, dass der saisonal unterschiedliche Zeitpunkt der Fällung der Bäume keinen statistisch abgesicherten Einfluss auf die durchschnittlichen Verwerfungen bzw. die Dimensionsstabilität der daraus erzeugten Kanthölzer hatte.     

Propagation methods for black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) improvement in Hungary

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is one of the most important stand-forming tree species in Hungary and its importance is increasing in many countries. Black locust plants are commonly produced by two methods, by seed and by root cuttings. Tissue culture propagation can be considered as a relatively new method. Growing trees from seed is a relatively simple method for reliably producing seedlings on a large scale under a variety of circumstances. Mechanization of the method is easy and the production cost is relatively low. Propagation from root cuttings and tissue culture are valuable for reproduction of superior individuals or varieties. By applying these methods, superior traits of the selected trees can be preserved in the clones. Recent experiments demonstrated that micropropagated trees could be successfully transplanted into soil, hardened and grown in the field. Biography: Karoly Redei (1952), male, doctor, deputy director general of Hungarian Forest Research Institute H-1023 Budapest, Frankel Leó Str. 42 44, HUNGARY. Responsible editor: Chal Ruihai     

Crack formation due to weathering of radial and tangential sections of pine and spruce

The development of cracks and changes in appearance have been investigated on radial and tangential sections of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce (Picea abies Karst.) after exposure outdoors for 61 months. The degradation of the sections has also been studied at the micro-level. The annual ring orientation was the most important factor affecting crack development on weathering. After 61 months of outdoor exposure, the tangential sections of spruce had 1.7-2.2 times greater mean total crack length per area unit than the corresponding radial sections. In pine, the total crack length per area unit on the tangential sections was 2.2-2.6 times greater than that on the radial sections. Tangential and radial sections show the same colour change as a result of weathering. Tangential sections have more and deeper cracks than radial surfaces. The cracks on the tangential sections occur frequently in both earlywood and latewood. On radial sections, cracks occur primarily at the annual ring borders, but to a certain extent also in the earlywood. Decomposition of the cell wall takes place in both radial and tangential cell walls, and cracks tend to follow the fibril orientation in the S2-layer of the cell wall. The radial cell wall of the earlywood has a large number of pits which are degraded at an early stage.