Metacaspase在酵母凋亡过程中的作用

Metacaspase是由YCA1/MCA1编码的一种哺乳动物caspases同系物。由于其分子结构的差异,使其断裂为不同的特异性底物。在哺乳动物中,凋亡被一组蛋白酶caspases定向激活,断裂特异性底物且触发细胞死亡。环境损伤、细胞内缺陷、预凋亡基因的异源表达诱导具有典型凋亡特征的酵母细胞死亡与metacaspase紧密相关。删除metacaspase可以阻碍不同因素引起的死亡,metacaspase在酵母细胞凋亡中具有核心作用。     

蔬菜型甘薯新品种——百薯1号的主要特点及利用价值

与其他蔬菜型甘薯品种相比,百薯1号具有食味好、无绒毛、分枝多、茎蔓短、株型半直立、适合密植、茎尖产量高、薯块产量高、茎节无次生根,适合高水肥种植等多种突出优点。百薯1号营养价值丰富,与多种常用蔬菜相比较,在32种主要营养成分中,百薯1号的蛋白质、脂肪、维生素C、B2、钙、磷、钾、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸等18种营养成分均居第一位。百薯1号自身抗病虫能力强,田间生长过程中无需喷施农药,是理想的无公害绿色蔬菜,具有较高的开发利用价值。     

Characterization of NDM-1-producing carbapenemase in Acinetobacter spp. and E. coli isolates from diseased pigs

In recent years, the mobile metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) genes have been found to correspond to one of the most important resistance characters identified in Gram-negative bacteria, severely affecting clinical chemotherapy and threatening public health. The prevalence of mobile MBL genes and their flanking regions in Gram-negative bacteria from diseased pigs in China was investigated. A total of 334 lung samples from diseased pigs were screened for Gram-negative bacteria classified as non-susceptible to meropenem (MIC≥4 mg·L⁻¹). Six isolates, including three Escherichia coli, two Acinetobacter baumanii and one A. calcoaeticus, exhibited MBL production and carried the bla_NDM-1 gene. S1-PFGE and Southern blot analysis showed that the bla_NDM-1 gene was located on the chromosome of one A. baumanii isolate and on plasmids of various sizes in the other five isolates. MIC testing using broth microdilution revealed that all bla_NDM-1-carrying isolates and some of their transconjugants exhibited resistance to almost all β-lactams tested. Whole genome sequencing revealed that the flanking region of the bla_NDM-1 gene from all porcine isolates had high levels of similarity with the corresponding regions in human isolates. One porcine E. coli isolate carrying bla_NDM-1 was typed as ST48, a common sequence type in human E. coli isolates. These results suggest the possibility of human-to-food animal transfer of bla_NDM-1-producing E. coli, highlighting the need for surveillance of carbapenemase producers among bacteria from food animals. In addition, the prudent use of antimicrobial agents to decrease the opportunities for co-selection of carbapenemase genes in food animals is also urgently needed.     

木霉菌在农业中的研究与应用前景

该文综述了木霉菌分类和形态特征、生物防治作用、促进植物生长作用、诱导植物产生抗病性作用、土壤和环境的生物修复作用、在生物有机肥中的应用、构建生物工程菌株以及应用前景等各个方面研究进展。     

Inoculation with chlamydospores of Trichoderma asperellum SM-12F1 accelerated arsenic volatilization and inlfuenced arsenic availability in soils

Fungi capable of arsenic (As) accumulation and volatilization are hoped to tackle As-contaminated environment in the future. However, little data is available regarding their performances in ifeld soil...     

结球甘蓝F1、F2、双交种及其亲本的游离小孢子胚胎发生能力分析

【目的】比较结球甘蓝F1、F2、双交种及其亲本小孢子胚胎的发生能力,为建立高效的结球甘蓝小孢子培养技术体系提供依据。【方法】分别用25份结球甘蓝F1及其50份亲本,产胚困难的22份结球甘蓝F1及其相应的F2,1份产胚能力强的结球甘蓝与22份产胚困难材料的正、反交杂交后代,在同等条件下进行小孢子培养,以比较其产胚情况。【结果】25份结球甘蓝F1有9份产生胚状体,其中"EF10"产胚能力最强,平均每蕾产胚10.45个,"QG80"和"QG78"次之,其余6份材料平均每蕾产胚不足1个;50份结球甘蓝亲本只有5份产胚,这5份材料分别是"EF10"、"QG80"的父、母本和"QG78"的母本。22份产胚困难的结球甘蓝F1有8份产生胚状体,其自交后代F2全部产生胚状体,其中4份F2代的胚产量较其F1有所提高;14份无产胚的结球甘蓝F1代材料,其F2代中有3份产生胚状体。用产胚能力强的"EF10"作亲本与8份产胚能力较弱的结球甘蓝材料杂交,16份正、反交双交种全部产生胚状体,胚产量介于两亲本之间,并明显高于产胚能力弱的亲本;用产胚能力强的"EF10"作亲本与14份无产胚的结球甘蓝材料杂交,28份正、反交双交种有4份产胚;比较相同亲本的正、反交双交种的胚产量可知,二者无明显差异。【结论】结球甘蓝F1较其亲本产胚能力强,不同F1胚胎发生能力不同;对产胚困难的结球甘蓝F1,以其F2为试材,可诱导产胚或提高胚产量;用产胚能力强的结球甘蓝作亲本与产胚困难的材料杂交,正、反交均能明显提高产胚困难材料的产胚能力。     

牛阴离子交换蛋白1和生电碳酸氢钠协同转运蛋白亲水结构域的克隆·表达和纯化

[目的]表达和纯化牛阴离子交换蛋白1（AEl）和生电碳酸氢钠协同转运蛋白（NBCel）的亲水结构域。[方法]根据AE1和NBCel的亲水结构域设计引物,通过PCR扩增牛AE1和NBCel的亲水结构域,通过原核表达系统,以E．coli BL2l（DE3）为表达宿主,经IPTG诱导,表达重组的牛AE1和NBCel的亲水结构域融合蛋白,并采用金属螯合层析法对目的蛋白进行纯化。15％SDS—PAGE分析目的蛋白的表达、分布和纯度。[结果]PCR扩增了牛AE1和NBCel的亲水结构域;IPTG诱导后,成功的表达了目的蛋白;目的蛋白主要存在大肠杆菌的胞浆中,可以被较好的纯化。[结论]牛AE1和NBCel的亲水结构域蛋白的表达为制备抗体和研究膜载体蛋白的调节机理提供了条件。     

EN-1固化剂对4种土壤饱和导水率的影响研究

为了研究EN-1土壤固化剂的固化性能,通过室内模拟实验对杨凌、安康、安塞和靖边4种土壤在不同固化剂掺量、养护龄期的固化进行了土壤饱和导水率影响的研究,结果表明,微量掺加EN-1固化剂就可以明显减小黄棕壤和土的饱和导水率,饱和导水率随着培养龄期的增加而下降,当培养期大于14d时土样的饱和导水率近似为0;黄绵土与风沙土的饱和导水率随着固化剂掺量增加而减小,培养龄期增大,饱和导水率随之下降,固化剂掺量为1%,培养期为28d时黄绵土和风沙土的饱和导水率最低。     

Secondary minerals from extrapedogenic per latus acidic weathering environments at geomorphic edges, Eastern Nebraska, USA

Acidic weathering of the sulfidic Upper Cretaceous Carlile and Pierre Shales in Nebraska has led to the precipitation of the Al sulfate–hydroxide minerals aluminite, alunite, “basaluminite”/felsöbányaite (e.g.,), the aluminum hydroxides gibbsite and bayerite, and the rare Al phosphate hydroxide vashegyite. Kaolinite has also been produced as a result of this acidic weathering. These minerals do not appear as neoformed constituents in any extant soils in the region, and their existence underscores the ability of pyrite oxidation to produce major changes in mineralogy on a Holocene to Recent time scale. Jarosite, hydronium jarosite, gypsum, halotrichite, and melanterite also appear as secondary minerals in the weathered shales. Acidic weathering and the formation of new minerals is extrapedogenic because it occurs well below the limit of modern soil sola. These processes also occur at the edges of major landscape elements and can be considered to have a strong lateral component processes, making them “per latus” processes in our usage.     

铵态氮素促进甘薯块根形成的解剖特征及其IbEXP1基因的表达

This study chose Shangshu 19 (S19) and Jixu 23 (J23) categorized by valid tuber root number per plant as analyzing varieties and arranged treatment combinations consisted of two nitrogen forms ammonium nitrogen (A_N) and amide nitrogen (X_N) integrated with two nitrogen rates 60 kg hm^-2 (L_N60) and 180 kg hm^-2 (H_N180), using field and pot trial assays, plus a check treatment received no nitrogen supply in order to make research on the anatomical observation on sweet potato tuber root differentiation and expression characteristics of IbEXP1 gene associated with tuber root formation in ammonia nitrogen in 2014 and 2015. Our results showed that the storage root yield of Shangshu 19 associated with more valid tuber root number per plant was significantly higher than Jixu 23 at harvest stage, which was significant difference compared with each other. In addition, nitrogen levels and nitrogen forms had significant interaction effects. The 60 kg hm^-2 ammonium nitrogen treatment in two sweet potato genotypes achieved the highest final storage root yield in field experiment and showed higher valid tuber root number per plant, which attributed to the younger tubers whose root diameter between 0.5 cm and 5.0 cm during the canopy closure period. It had been observed that 60 kg hm^-2 ammonium nitrogen treatment possessed the most vessels in the primary xylem bundle and the lignified parenchyma cells of the stele tissues in the pre-cambial period, followed with possessing high level expression of IbEXP1 gene, the biggest root diameter and stele diameter and the most number of primary and secondary xylem bundles in the course of primary cambium growth. As the vascular cambium was initiated, relative expression of IbEXP1 gene at 60 kg hm^-2ammonium nitrogen treatment and the degree of parenchyma cells lignification were intermediate between no nitrogen application and high nitrogen treatments, however, the diameter of root and stele and the ratio of them were highest, which achieved the perfect harmony in lignification and division of parenchyma cells in tuberization.