青海不同产区大黄的X-射线衍射图谱研究（摘要）

[目的]为区分不同产地大黄药材的质量及鉴别提供依据。[方法]将供试材料青海玉树掌叶大黄（样品1）、青海海南唐古特大黄（样品2）与青海果洛唐古特大黄（样品3）分别粉碎成粉末,过100目筛,即可供X射线衍射试验用。设定管压30 kV,管流20 mA,2θ扫描范围3°～90°,扫描速度0.06°/s,每种样时间0.5 s,获得3种不同产区大黄的X-射线衍射图谱。试验数据以晶面间距d与特征峰相对强度L/Io表示,记为d/（I/Io）。将试验数据导入中药指纹图谱相似度计算软件,经选峰,设定匹配模板,将谱峰自动匹配,然后设定标准模板,进行谱峰差异性评价和整体相似性评价。[结果]样品1中所含的化学成分与样品2相同,但峰的强度（I/Io）不同,表明相同成分在两种样品中的含量不相等。同样把样品3的图谱与其他两个样品进行比较,也会得到相同的衍射峰值。表明不同产区的大黄中各化学成分的含量有差异,但其衍射图谱及衍射峰值具有一定的指纹特征。[结论]X-射线衍射法是鉴别不同产区的大黄及其他中药材的一种快捷有效的方法。     

鲤遗传连锁图谱的构建

利用JoinMap 4.0软件包,以德国镜鲤选育系为祖父母所培育的自交F2群体的68个个体为作图群体,首次以新型分子标记单核苷酸多态性(Single Nucleotide Polymorphism,SNP)为主要作图标记,以微卫星(Simple Sequence Repeats,SSR)和表达序列标签(Expressed Sequence Tag,EST)为辅助标记,采用CP(CrossPollinators)模型构建鲤的遗传连锁图谱。构建的遗传连锁图谱含有560个标记(174个SSR标记、41个EST-SSR标记和345个SNP标记),分布在50个连锁群上,最大连锁群由60个标记组成,最小连锁群仅含2个标记,平均每个连锁群有11.2个标记。最大连锁群的图距为198.1厘摩(centimorgan,cM),最小的连锁群图距为1.5 cM,图谱总图距为3 295.92 cM,标记间平均间距为7.21 cM,图谱覆盖率为76.26%。构建的图谱为中等密度的遗传连锁图谱可为进一步的鲤相关经济性状的QTL定位研究和分子标记辅助选择育种(MAS)打下基础。研究亮点:首次以新型分子标记SNP为主要作图标记并以SSR标记为...     

Cultivar identification and genetic map of mango (Mangifera indica)

Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) information was used for identification of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars, for studying the genetic relationship among 16 mango cultivars and seven mango rootstocks and for the construction of a genetic linkage map. Six AFLP primer combinations produced 204 clear bands and on the average 34 bands for each combination. The average Band-Sharing between cultivars and rootstocks was 83% and 80%, respectively. The average Band-Sharing for mango is 81%. The probability of obtaining a similar pattern for two different mango cultivars and rootstocks is 6 × 10⁻³and 2 × 10⁻³, respectively. A preliminary genetic linkage map of the mango genome was constructed, based on the progeny of a cross between ‘Keitt’ and ‘Tommy-Atkins’. This linkage map consists of 13 linkage groups and covers 161.5 cm defined by 34 AFLP markers. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

基于主题N元语法模型的科技报告主题分析

作为科技情报的重要载体之一,科技报告可以反映科技发展的脉络,可以揭示科技前沿的动态,甚至可以洞察科技发展的趋势等。中国科技报告的开发利用研究目前主要集中在书本型科技报告或电子出版物的出版发行、数据库建设、服务方式和知识产权等方面,在深度数据挖掘方面的研究工作相对较少。笔者尝试利用主题N元语法模型对科技报告进行领域深层主题分析,为了确定特定领域科技报告的主题数目,笔者借助动态规划的思想针对主题N元语法模型提出了困惑度的有效计算方法。最后,以肿瘤领域1344条科技报告为实验数据,揭示了以“分子机制/肿瘤细胞”和“系统生物学/关键方法”为代表的70个主题,验证了利用主题N元语法模型揭示科技报告领域深层主题的可行性和有效性。     

从形象传播到可沟通城市——基于CiteSpace的中国城市传播研究知识图谱分析

城市传播作为城市学和传播学的交叉领域,其自身的历史进路是一个值得探究的问题。基于2001—2018年我国城市传播的研究成果,运用CiteSpace这一可视化工具,可直观量化地观察并提炼出该领域从起步到探索、丰富、发展、拓展和深化的多个阶段。经过近18年的研究积累和学术共同体的推进,城市传播愈发成为我国传播学界的热点,研究视野从形象传播逐渐发展为可沟通城市等更深广的议题。随着各类城市进入新一轮发展期,城市传播要积极拓展更多的研究领域,尤其是要注重立足于城市文化发展的实证研究,并以此引领城市传播理论的全面升华。     

木工宽带砂光机噪声传播声压等值线图制作方法新探

为了提高现场测试的效率和数据的准确度,该文提出了一种基于噪声衰减原理而建立虚拟噪声源的方法.利用该方法,可以根据有限的实际测量数据,对实际测点周边的噪声值进行预测计算,绘制噪声传播线图,过程简便,结果一目了然.通过该方法计算的预测噪声值与实际值进行比较,验证了该方法的精度和可行性,比较客观地反映了区域噪声污染现状和噪声污染在区域内的变化情况,为砂光机等多噪声源的现场环境噪声测试提供了新方法     

国土空间详细规划现状底图底数转换方法研究

统一底图底数是编制各类空间规划的重要前提和基础,第三次国土调查数据作为当前权威性最高、现势性最强的国土空间利用现状数据,所采用的工作分类与国土空间规划采用的用地用海分类存在较大差异。本文通过对工作分类和用地用海分类进行衔接分析,提出了基于第三次国土调查数据的国土空间详细规划现状底图底数转换的总体技术思路、关键技术方法。     

Towards the first linkage map of the<Emphasis Type="Italic">Didymella rabiei</Emphasis> genome

A genetic map was developed for the ascomyceteDidymella rabiei (Kovachevski) v. Arx (anamorph:Ascochyta rabiei Pass. Labr.), the causal agent of Ascochyta blight in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The map was generated with 77 F₁ progeny derived from crossing an isolate from the U.S.A. and an isolate from Syria. A total of 232 DAF (DNA Amplification Fingerprinting) primers and 37 STMS (Sequence-Tagged Microsatellite Site) primer pairs were tested for polymorphism between the parental isolates; 50 markers were mapped, 36 DAFs and 14 STMSs. These markers cover 261.4cM in ten linkage groups. Nineteen markers remained unlinked. Significant deviation from the expected 1:1 segregation ratios was observed for only two markers (Prob. of χ²<0.05). The implications of our results on ploidy level of the asexual spores are discussed. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Sept. 5, 2002.     

基于主题图的农业模型描述与表示方法

为了提升不同学科模型资源的共享与管理能力,提出了一种新的农业模型描述与表示方法。它以模型组件描述信息为元数据来生成不同层次主题图。首先分析农业模型特征,建立农业模型与模型组件之间的映射关系;然后,抽取农业模型组件刻面与关联描述信息,构建了农业模型组件描述模型（DM-AMC）,进一步将DM-AMC表示为主题类型、关联类型、事件类型以及关联角色;最后,通过实例化并采用匹配融合算法生成了面向农业模型组件的主题图（TM-AMC）。研究以作物生育期模型为例,生成了统一描述与可动态扩展的原子主题图XTM文档。通过对农业模型信息的统一描述,并以DM-AMC为基础生成多层次、便于统一访问的TM-AMC,可提升农业模型信息的全局共享与管理能力。     

A citywide survey of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa spatial distribution in Orléans (France)

There is a growing recognition that urban trees provide various valuable benefits and services such as enhanced human wellbeing. However, they also have a cost in terms of public health either directly (allergies) or by harboring species representing health risk for humans. This paper focuses on such a forest insect species, the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa. Its caterpillars develop gregariously during winter in a conspicuous silk nest in coniferous hosts. When disturbed, the larvae release urticating hairs that cause human or animal serious health problems. The purpose of our survey was to (1) inventory all individual trees belonging to potential host species and estimate the density of T. pityocampa (2) assess the spatial pattern of the insect population at the city scale. We conducted an exhaustive inventory of potential coniferous host trees in five municipalities (ca. 5000 ha) in the north of Orléans, France. Each tree was identified, geo-referenced and the number of moth nests it hosted was counted. A total of 9321 urban trees representing 11 coniferous taxonomic units were investigated. The distribution of T. pityocampa exhibited a marked spatial structure citywide. Geostatistics allowed to draw risk maps revealing strong patchiness. We provide the first estimate of T. pityocampa host tree preference in an urban context and found that Pinus nigra, P. pinaster and P. sylvestris were the most attacked trees. We also report numerous cases of T. pityocampa occurrence on the exotic ornamental Himalayan cedar Cedrus deodara. The management implications of our findings are two-fold: (1) risk maps constitute a useful framework for communication and public information, and can help developing control strategies; (2) some species frequently used for ornamental purposes are poor quality hosts regarding T. pityocampa and should therefore be preferred in public place usually frequented by vulnerable people (schools, nurseries, hospitals).