广西牡竹属两新种

发表牡竹属二新种——清甜竹、融安黄竹     

Cytological and genetical studies on male sterility inCryptomeria japonica D. Don

Genetic male sterility is a useful trait in plant breeding, especially in angiosperm crops such as corn, onion and carrot. We found a male sterile sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) tree in Toyama, Japan. Pollen of sugi is one of the major causes of pollinosis in Japan. We carried out this research in an attempt to make clear the characteristics and inheritance of this male sterility. Microsporogenesis of the male sterile tree proceeded meiosis, however, the microspores collapsed after they were separated from pollen tetrads in locules, resulting in complete male sterility. Most likely, ethylene evolution was responsible for male sterility expression. Full seed setting in the male sterile tree indicated normal macrosporogenesis. Seeds obtained from crossing between male sterile and normal lines showed relatively high level of germination and their seedlings grew vigorously. The somatic chromosome numbers of 241 germinated seeds, derived from the male sterile tree, were mostly 22, euploid. These results indicated that male sterile tree was different from other similar previously reported trees with low pollen fertility, resulting from triploid or trisomics. Probably, male sterility in sugi is either nuclear genetic male sterility or cytoplasmic male sterility. The study was partially supported by Program for Promotion of Basic Research Actives for Innovative Biosciences.     

河北省长针线虫新纪录种松长针线虫Longidorus pinus Xu,Ye,Wang&Zhao的形态与分子鉴定

2018 年,在河北省保定市园林植物紫荆（Cercis chinensis）根围分离到一种长针线虫。经形态 学观察和 28S rDNA D2D3 区序列分析,将其鉴定为松长针线虫（Longidorus pinus Xu, Ye, Wang & Zhao）。 其雌虫主要形态特征为：雌虫体长 3 048~3 464 μm,唇区明显缢缩,宽 9.5~10.5 μm,侧器囊袋状,齿尖 针长 66.0~69.5 μm,导环距体前端 27.5~30.0 μm,尾长 31~33 μm,短圆锥形,尾长与肛门处体宽比值＝ 1.5~1.6。松长针线虫河北种群 28S rDNA D2D3 区与 GenBank 数据库的山西种群进行序列比对,相似性为 99.2%~99.9%。松长针线虫是河北省长针线虫新纪录种。紫荆是松长针线虫的新寄主。     

面向大规模定制的家具模块编码与配置技术

针对面向大规模定制的家具模块编码与配置技术进行了探讨与分析,并以芬兰某企业的模块配置器为例,阐述其配置原理与流程,以期为国内家具企业实现从大规模生产向大规模定制的模式转换,提供路径指导与技术支持.     

台湾金线连微繁技术的改进与移栽研究

台湾金线连经组织培养诱芽微繁能形成完整植株,但生长太慢,繁殖系数太低。在诱芽培养基中添加2,4D,改用诱导类原球茎微繁,能提高繁殖系数和植株的生长速度,并能移栽成活。通过对试管苗移栽前的生根处理和移栽基质的研究,摸索出了提高移栽成活率的经验。     

基于ATV平台的全地形立体草原防火系统

提出以ATV(全地形车)为移动平台,搭载各种灭火、通讯装备,组成一种反应迅速的草原消防灭火系统,并将复杂地形移动技术、灭火技术和遥控通讯技术有机地融合在一起.对系统方案做了详细介绍,该系统有助于实现草原防火“早发现、早扑灭”的目标,可大大减少火灾损失.     

基于三维技术的林地“一张图”树种库管理研究

以计算机图形学技术、虚拟树种建模技术和三维GIS技术为基础,通过树种建模、树种库建设、虚拟种树和与三维平台的集成等技术流程,实现了林地"一张图"树种库的大规模三维仿真模拟可视化展现,并对未来的研究方向作了进一步展望。     

Virtual trees and light capture: a method for optimizing agroforestry stand design

In agroforestry systems, the distribution of light transmitted under tree canopies can be a limiting factor for the development of intercrops. The light available for intercrops depends on the quantity of light intercepted by tree canopies and, consequently, on the architecture of the tree species present. The influence of tree architecture on light transmission was analysed using dynamic 3D architectural models. The architectural analysis of Acacia mangium and Tectona grandis was performed in Indonesian agroforestry systems with trees aged from 1 to 3 years. 3D virtual trees were then generated with the AmapSim simulation software and 3D virtual experiments in which tree age, planting density, planting pattern and pruning intensity varied were reconstructed in order to simulate light available for the crop. Canopy closure of trees was more rapid in A. mangium than in T. grandis agroforestry systems; after 3 years the quantity of light available for A. mangium intercrops was three times lower than under T. grandis. Simulations with A. mangium showed that practices such as pruning and widening tree spacing enable to increase the total transmitted light within the stand. On T. grandis, modification of the tree row azimuth resulted in changes in the spatial and seasonal distribution of light available for the intercrops. These results are discussed in terms of agroforestry system management.

林业三维虚拟场景可视化

随着计算机技术,特别是计算机图形学、网络、多媒体、三维仿真技术、虚拟现实技术的快速发展,给二维电子地图注入了新的活力,基于三维虚拟场景的三维电子地图正成为电子地图发展的一个重要方向。文章对三维数据获取和创建三维模型库等几个关键问题在林业方面的应用进行了研究。     

对转压气机三维掠动叶优化设计

为探索三维掠动叶降低对转压气机二次流损失的潜力,进一步提高对转压气机气动性能,基于近似函数与遗传算法,针对某对转压气机双排转子在整机环境下进行三维掠动叶优化设计,并对优化前后流场进行对比分析。优化成功的得到了双排“S”形掠动叶,结果表明:三维掠动叶有效改善了双排动叶吸力面径向二次流,减小了吸力面低速区,提高了对转压气机性能,优化工况点整机效率提高0.6%,全工况范围内效率均有所提高;三维掠动叶提高对转压气机效率的根本原因是其对径向负荷分配的重新调整,将叶展下方流动较差区域负荷移至叶展上方,改善流场的同时保证对转压气机负荷不变。 