中国北方沙尘暴的气候特征及其对春季青藏高原地面感热异常的响应

选用中国185个常规气象观测站,建站～2000年历年沙尘暴日数资料,分析了近50年来中国北方沙尘暴的气候特征及其对青藏高原地面感热异常的响应。结果表明虽然单个沙尘暴过程属于一次中尺度天气过程,但年沙尘暴日数具有较好的空间一致性,在空间上有五个自然尘源区,即河西走廊、南疆盆地南缘、阿拉善高原、鄂尔多斯高原和浑善达克沙地等沙尘暴高发区。比较近50年来中国沙尘暴日数的年代际变化,总体趋势在减少,20世纪90年代是近5个年代中最少的。但20世纪末至21世纪初,中国沙尘暴日数有明显的回升趋势。进一步研究表明,中国沙尘暴与春季青藏高原地面感热关系密切,当春季青藏高原地面感热呈EOF1模态时,当年中国北方沙尘暴日数明显较常年偏多。     

Systemic cytokine profiles of mice vaccinated with naked DNAs encoding six open reading frame antigens of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)

The objective of this study was to characterize the murine immune response to vaccination with DNAs encoding each of six porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) open reading frames (ORFs). After intramuscular vaccination with the naked DNAs, blood was taken on days post-infection (DPI) 7 and 35 and subjected to Bio-Plex cytokine assays. ORF3 elicited high levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α (P < 0.001) and decreased IL-12 levels (P < 0.001) on DPI 7, and was lethal for nine of the 15 vaccinated mice, which died on DPIs 4, 6, 9, and 10. The remaining six mice showed general prostration but then recovered. The clinical signs correlated with the systemic TNF-α and IL-12 levels. ORF1 vaccination elevated T-helper (Th)1 (IFN-γ; P < 0.001) and Th2 (IL-13; P < 0.05) cytokine levels on DPI 35, while ORF2 markedly elevated the expression of the humoral immunity- and Th-2-related cytokine IL-10 (P < 0.001) on DPI 35. These observations provide insights into the immune responses generated by each PCV2 ORF.     

2010年吉林省3次暴雪天气对比分析和落区探讨

利用NCEP再分析资料结合Micaps资料,对吉林省2010年冬末春初的3次区域性暴雪天气过程的形成机理及落区进行了对比分析。结果表明：3次暴雪过程均发生在有利的大尺度环流背景下,过程1为冷锋型暴雪;过程2为倒槽北上型暴雪;过程3为回流型暴雪。暴雪在吉林省的落区与系统来向、地形作用、水汽与动力大值中心重合区域、湿舌以及θse高能舌等都具有一定关系。     

Alteration in lymphocyte responses,cytokine and chemokine profiles in chickens infected with genotype VII and VIII velogenic Newcastle disease virus

Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious avian disease and one of the major causes of economic losses in the poultry industry. The emergence of virulent NDV genotypes and repeated outbreaks of NDV in vaccinated chickens have raised the need for fundamental studies on the virus–host interactions. In this study, the profiles of B and T lymphocytes and macrophages and differential expression of 26 immune-related genes in the spleen of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, infected with either the velogenic genotype VII NDV strain IBS002 or the genotype VIII NDV strain AF2240, were evaluated. A significant reduction in T lymphocyte population and an increase in the infiltration of IgM⁺ B cells and KUL01⁺ macrophages were detected in the infected spleens at 1, 3 and 4 days post-infection (dpi) (P < 0.05). The gene expression profiles showed an up-regulation of CCLi3, CXCLi1, CXCLi2 (IL-8), IFN-γ, IL-12α, IL-18, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, TLR7, MHCI, IL-17F and TNFSF13B (P < 0.05). However, these two genotypes showed different cytokine expression patterns and viral load. IBS002 showed higher viral load than AF2240 in spleen at 3 and 4 dpi and caused a more rapid up-regulation of CXCLi2, IFN-γ, IL-12α, IL-18, IL-1β, iNOS and IL-10 at 3 dpi. Meanwhile, the expression levels of CCLI3, CXCLi1, IFN-γ, IL-12α, IL-1β and iNOS genes were significantly higher in AF2240 at 4 dpi. In addition, the expression levels of IL-10 were significantly higher in the IBS002-infected chickens at 3 and 4 dpi. Hence, infection with velogenic genotype VII and VIII NDV induced different viral load and production of cytokines and chemokines associated with inflammatory reactions.     

PD-1 and PD-L1 regulate cellular immunity in canine visceral leishmaniasis

PD-1 is a negative costimulator of chronic infectious diseases In this study, we investigated the expression of PD-1 and its ligands in the spleen of dogs with visceral leishmaniasis and lymphoproliferative response to soluble antigen, in lymph node cells in the presence or absence of antibodies blocking PD-1 and its ligands. Our results showed expression of PD-1 and its ligands is higher after L. infantum infection and in the spleen of infected dogs, PD-1 blockage was able to restore the antigen-dependent lymphoproliferative response and regulated production of the cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 and NO production. We concluded that L. infantum infection modulates PD-1 and its ligands expression in canine VL and that blockage of PD-1 restores the immune response. Thus, blockage of PD-1 is a target for therapeutic drug development.     

河西绿洲灌区扩种冬小麦防沙固尘引种研究

选育适合河西地区种植的高抗、高产品种，以减少河西灌区由于冬春季土地裸露导致的扬沙和浮尘发生频率，实现冬麦北移的可能性。采用系统选育方式，进行连续的多年选择。经过连续两年的选择初步选育出了具有可能发展潜力的如下几个品种：97t-110、96-43—5—2—2—4、95—3—11—3—1—2—2和陇原031。部分品种有望成为河西适宜品种得以推广种植，从而减轻冬季裸露情况下的沙害，同时可以增加当地农业经济收入。     

内蒙古克什科腾旗扶贫工作的分析和调查

我们对克旗的扶贫攻坚工作进行了实地调查，分析了贫困产出的原因，总结了几方面的经验；１是解放思想，更新观念。２是改善贫困地区生产条件。３是发展以农副产品为原料的加工业，走贸工农一体化的路子。４是走科教扶贫的路子。５是动员社会力量参与扶贫。     

初期雨水截留池容积计算理论研究

针对目前国内在初期雨水截留池容积计算上存在的分歧,通过分析初期雨水截留池的工作原理,结合雨水管网的流量和水质过程模拟,建立了以截污效果来确定初期雨水截留池容积的计算方法.通过对污染物累积过程线的分析,确定出初期雨水截流池容积计算最优时刻为单位时间内进入截留池的污染物累积变化量由大变小时.并分析了泵吸强排式截留池与重力自排式截留池容积的计算过程,给出了相应的计算公式.根据以上原理以Matlab为平台编制了相应的计算程序,并通过实例工程,进行泵吸强排式初期雨水截流池的容积计算.计算结果表明,通过此方法建立的初期雨水截留池,一方面截污效果好,另一方面可以大大减轻后续雨水泵站的负荷,降低运行费用,提高泵站效率.     

Monitoring of Bark and Wood-Boring Beetles in France after the December 1999 Storms

After the December 1999 storms, two networks were set up over 2 years (2000 and 2001) to assess the scale and type of insect colonisation on storm damaged trees and to interpret these events for the future. The Level 1 network, was a large-scale survey that covered the entire storm area and provided qualitative observations on its 898 plots in which every major tree species was assessed. The Level 2 network, was a regional survey set up only in two regions: the 'Landes' region and the Northeast of France. The observations were intensive and quantitative, devoted only to maritime pine in the 'Landes' region and to Norway spruce in the Northeast of France. The Level 1 network indicated that less than 40% of the storm damaged trees were colonised by bark beetles in September 2000. No attacks were observed on standing trees in 2000 but many occurred during 2001 in spruce and maritime pine stands. The Level 2 network in the Vosges mountains showed a late colonisation in October and November 2000. The emerging population of Ips typographus on attacked trees reached 25 000–30 000 insects/m³. This huge population combined with the low rate of parasitism in 2001 leads to the expectation of increasing damage in spruce stands next year.