Adjuvant Effects of Recombinant Plasmids of Porcine IL-4 and IFN-γ to Cysticercosis cellulosae Vaccines in Mice and Pigs

To investigate the adjuvant potential of porcine IL-4 and IFN-γ in mice and pigs, the genes of porcine IL-4 and IFN-γ were cloned and the recombinant mammalian expression plasmids were constructed for in vivo expression of the cytokines. Adjuvant effects of recombinant expression plasmids of IL-4 and IFN-γ （pcDNA-IL-4, pcDNA-IFN-γ） co-administrated with Cysticercus cellulosae crude antigen or TSOL18 recombinant protein antigen have been carried out in mice and pigs, respectively. We have demonstrated that recombinant plasmids of the cytokines as an adjuvant could induce stronger immune response in mice and pigs. With the C. cellulosae parasite antigen, porcine pcDNA-IL-4 induced higher specific antibody of immunized mice than pcDNA-IFN-γ. But pcDNA-IFN-γ is significantly stronger than that of no adjuvant or empty plasmids with the antigen control group. For the TSOL18 recombinant protein antigen vaccine, pcDNA-IL-4 still had a stronger ability to enhance specific antibody in swine than pcDNA-IFN-γ （P 〈 0.01）, but the immune protective rate was lower in challenged pigs （only 68.7%）. Although pcDNA-IFN-γ showed lower specific antibody, the protection rate was very high （91%） than other group （P 〈 0.01）. This study indicated that the recombinant expression plasmids of porcine IL-4 and IFN-γ display stronger adjuvant effects to C. cellulosae vaccine, further research should be carried out for understanding of the interaction mechanism.     

西宁地区宰前生猪囊尾蚴病的ELISA诊断

用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA),经适当调整程序,对西宁地区宰前生猪788份血样进行猪囊尾蚴病诊断,检出阳性率为5.20％,明显高于市场卫生检疫及几次用血清学方法的调查结果。用DG3022ELISA监测仪判定和眼观颜色判定结果基本一致,符合率达95％。不同来源生猪检出的阳性率有一定差异(1.76％—7.09％)。     

Emerging issues and parasite zoonoses in the SE Asian and Australasian region

Parasite zoonoses are common in the SE Asian region. However, recent case reports and surveillance activities have revealed a number of emerging issues that threaten both biosecurity and ongoing control efforts. In all cases, the application of molecular tools has contributed to the identification of new foci of infection, novel aetiological agents and epidemiological investigations. These emerging issues are discussed with reference to trypanosomes, Toxoplasma, fish-borne flukes, cysticercosis and hookworm.     

猪囊尾蚴病早期诊断与治疗及其胴体食用价值研究

 笔者（1985年）在“酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）诊断猪囊尾蚴病”已取得研究成果的基础上，又进行了改进研究。设计了诊断抗原制备的新方法（DEAE-Sephadex A-50抽滤法，提高原效率的12倍），缩短水浴时间（提高原效率的15-17.5倍），保持包被后抗原活性等。已诊断了120万头猪，查明了患猪抗体（IgG）的消长规律，测试了猪囊尾蚴部分理化性质、生物学特性及对机体的毒性反应。应用中西药物结合疗法治愈近20万头病猪，对治愈猪机体的康复过程和康复胴体理化性质、食用价值、治疗药物在猪体内的药代动力学等进行了研究。     

ELISA诊断猪囊虫病方法对比试验

在用ＥＬＩＳＡ诊断西宁地区猪囊虫病，以ＯＤ值的＋３ＳＤ判定结果时，比较了不同血样（滤纸片干血与血清）、不同反应温度（５０℃与室温）对反应结果的影响。结果：对照间ＯＤ值呈正相关关系，相关系数分别为０．８８４７和０．９６６７，对照间阳性检出率基本一致，符合率分别为９１．２０％和９５．９０％；使用不同保存期的已包被反应板时，虽然对照间ＯＤ值呈正相关关系（ｒ＝０．８４５０）但用保存期４个月的包被反应板降低了阳性检出率，影响其符合率。     

早期诊断与治疗猪囊虫病试验

为探索早期诊断与治疗猪囊虫病的有效方法，采用ＥＬＩＳＡ诊断大通地区的猪血样１３８２头份，并对其中的７７头进行了剖检验证，还用丙硫咪唑治疗已确诊患囊虫病的猪５８头。试验结果：用ＥＬＩＳＡ检出猪囊虫阳性率为８．０３％；ＥＬＩＳＡ血检与剖检结果的阳性符合率为９２．３％，阴性符合率为９５．３％，总体符合率为９４．８％；丙硫咪唑对猪囊虫的杀灭率为９８．７％，治愈率为９３．７％，经治疗后让机体自身修复７—９个月时，达到鲜销标准的猪为７２．８％—９０．９％。     

The immune response in Taenia solium neurocysticercosis in pigs is associated with astrogliosis, axonal degeneration and altered blood–brain barrier permeability

Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the immuno-pathological changes and the extent of neuronal damage caused by either viable or dead Taenia solium cysticerci during porcine neurocysticercosis. Thirty pig brains with cerebral cysticercosis and 5 brains from T. solium free pigs were used in this study. Results revealed extensive astrogliosis, neuronal and mostly axonal damage in both early (grade I) and late (grades III and V) lesions as evidenced by an increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilament protein (NFP). In many late lesions, astrocyte end-feet formed glial scars that surrounded the dead parasite. Rapid angiogenesis resulted in blood vessels lacking astrocyte end-feet suggesting loss of blood–brain barrier (BBB) hence allowing an influx of peripheral blood immune cells such as eosinophils, macrophages, CD3+ T cells, B lymphocytes and plasma cells into lesions. This study showed that porcine NCC was associated with severe nervous tissue damage, the host response of which is a collaborative effort between the local and peripheral immune responses comparable to that observed in human NCC. Results further implied that porcine NCC could be a useful model for understanding the course of NCC in human as well as provide useful information for therapeutic and/or immune strategies.     

家兔豆状囊尾蚴病用药效果观察

在家兔的寄生虫病中,除球虫病和疥癣外,豆状囊尾蚴（scysticercuspisiformis）所引起的疾病是较普遍和较严重的一种。临床用药不规范,治疗效果欠佳,严重影响治疗结果。通过对近几年的病例资料进行整理分析,认为治疗豆状囊尾蚴病的首选药物是甲苯咪唑。     

Seroincidence of porcine T. solium infection in the Peruvian highlands

We performed repeated serological sampling of pigs in an endemic area of the Peruvian highlands (eight villages) to assess the feasibility of detecting incident cases of Taenia solium infection as indicators of ongoing transmission of the parasite. A total of 2245 samples corresponding to 1548 pigs were collected in three sampling rounds (n=716, 926, and 603, respectively). Village-period specific seroprevalences of antibodies by enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay varied from 39% (95% CI: 34, 44) to 76% (95% CI: 72, 79). The prevalence of cysticercosis increased with the age of the pigs (similarly for both sexes). Around 40% of pigs were re-sampled at the end of each 4-month period. Crude incidence risks were 48% (57/120, 95% CI: 43–52) and 58% (111/192, 95% CI: 54–61) for each period. A proportion of seropositive animals became seronegative at the end of each period (23 and 15%). Incidence varied by the village, and the exposure period, and was higher in males than females (but did not differ by age).     

囊虫病免疫诊断检测方法的研究进展

由于科学技术的发展,囊虫病免疫诊断检测方法有了很大的进展,主要有1.免疫学检测方法,包括酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)、斑点酶联免疫吸附法(Dot-ELISA)、生物素-亲和素酶联免疫吸附法(BAS-ELISA)、单克隆抗体酶联免疫吸附试验(McAb-ELISA)、酶联免疫印渍技术(ELIB);2.基因检测技术,包括DIG标记DNA探针、细胞因子基因检测方法、基因重组技术;3.免疫试剂盒的应用,包括循环抗原酶联免疫试剂盒、猪囊虫短程抗体IgG4快速ELISA检测试剂盒等。