New lignan, isoactifolin, fromChamaecyparis obtusa cv. Breviramea

A new lignan isoactifolin was isolated from young shoots (with leaves) ofChamaecyparis obtusa cv. Breviramea. The structure of the compound was determined based on spectroscopic evidence.Parts of this report were presented at the 44th lignin symposium, Gifu, October 1999     

意大利214杨林地施肥效应研究

本项试验按正交设计,试验观测历时7年,从苗木栽植直至林木工艺成熟,对林分生长全过程进行了定期观测及系统研究。其主要结论是:在较贫瘠的土壤上进行林地施肥,对Ⅰ-214杨有明显的增产效应,与对照区相比,施肥区材积最大增长量达132％。在不同肥料中氮肥效应突出,氮、磷、钾及绿肥压青合理配合,能取得增产的最佳效果。     

Crystallity Change of Compressed Poplar Wood Treated by PF Resin

INTRODUCTIONWith the implementing of the Natural ForestryProtection policies in China, the plantation forestry willplay a much larger part in meeting the demand for wood.But the plantation wood, especially Poplar and Fir, havecommon properties of soft structure, low density andpoor processing. Generally speaking, these propertiescan be evidently improved by compressing. MasafumiInoue et al. (1991a, 1991b, 1990) had studied thesurface compression of coniferous wood. Their studiesshowed …     

减压内部沸腾法提取壶瓶枣多糖及其脱色工艺的研究

对减压内部沸腾法提取壶瓶枣多糖及其脱色工艺进行了研究。以蛋白质和多糖得率为指标,通过正交试验优化得到的最佳工艺条件为:体系内温度60℃,液料比为20∶1(m L∶g),时间为30 min,此时真空度为80 k Pa,外界温度为70℃,蛋白质和多糖得率分别为0.13%和2.60%。与传统热浸提相比,其得率分别提高了18.18%和23.22%。对10种脱色材料的筛选结果表明D900型大孔吸附树脂是理想脱色材料,通过正交试验优化得到的D900型大孔吸附树脂脱色优化工艺参数为D900添加量3.5%,时间20 h,p H值11.7,温度40℃,此时脱色率、脱蛋白率和多糖保留率分别为81.94%、38.19%和87.42%。     

PGPR对灰枣土壤养分及微生物数量影响的主成分分析

为了得到有益于灰枣生长发育的优势菌种,通过田间试验,研究了灰枣根际促生复合菌株P13K7、P13K24和单一功能菌株P13、P15、K7、K24以及对照(CK)7个处理对灰枣根际土壤养分和微生物数量的影响。应用主成分分析法,将8个指标(p H值、有机质含量、碱解氮含量、速效磷含量、速效钾含量、细菌数量、放线菌数量和真菌数量)简化成2个主成分,2个主成分所提供的信息量占全部信息量的90.78%。结果表明:与对照相比,施用PGPR能够改善灰枣土壤养分和提高微生物总量。经过土壤指标的综合分析得出,复合菌株P13K24的应用效果最好。     

大荔枣园土壤养分空间分布及土壤肥力综合评价

为探究大荔县冬枣产区土壤肥力状况,采集了303个有代表性枣园土壤样品,测定了土壤pH、有机质、硝态N、铵态N、碱解N、有效P、速效K、有效Fe、有效Mn、有效Zn、有效Cu等指标,用ArcGIS软件绘制了土壤有机质和速效N、P、K的空间分布图,并应用主成分分析方法对枣园土壤肥力状况进行了综合评价。结果表明,pH值在各个采样点间的变异性较小,其余土壤肥力指标都存在着较大的变异,并且偏度和峰度>0,属于右偏态尖峰型;整体来看,大荔枣园土壤pH偏碱性,碱解N含量较为丰富,有效P含量中等偏低,速效K含量极其丰富,有机质含量较为缺乏。空间分布规律表现为土壤碱解N、有机质规律一致,东北区域低、其他区域高;有效P含量北部高南部低;除东北部少数区域外,土壤速效K含量普遍达到丰富或极丰富水平。主成分分析显示,有机质、速效K、有效Fe和有效P是影响冬枣园土壤肥力最主要的因素,通过对各乡镇的综合得分均值进行比较,发现各乡镇土壤得分高低与土壤养分空间分布结果相吻合。     

农杆菌介导美味猕猴桃基因转化影响因素研究

[目的]建立美味猕猴桃叶片外植体转化体系,为猕猴桃遗传转化研究奠定良好基础.[方法]以美味猕猴桃组培苗叶片为材料,研究不同浓度乙酰香酮（AS）对外植体β-葡萄糖苷酸酶基因（GUS）瞬时表达阳性率的影响,及暗培养时间与抗褐化剂二硫苏糖醇（DTT）、聚乙烯呲咯烷酮（PVP）对外植体褐化、抗性芽诱导的影响.[结果]仅在侵染菌液中添加AS时,100、150、200 μmol/L AS 3个处理的外植体GUS阳性率均极显著高于对照,分别为14.6％、16.7％、10.7％;而当农杆菌侵染液与共培养基中同时添加100～150μmol/L AS,可使GUS瞬时表达阳性率提高至37.9％.选择培养初期经过2～12 d暗培养后,外植体褐化率不断下降,抗性芽诱导率不同程度提高,其中以暗培养6、8d处理的褐化率相对较低,分别为33.2％和30.6％,且相应的抗性芽诱导率最高,分别为14.2％和13.1％,极显著高于其他处理与对照.在分化培养基中添加1.0～2.0 g/L的DTT并暗培养6d的效果优于对应浓度的PVP;其中1.5 g/L DTT并暗培养6d,可使外植体褐化率降至13.4％,卡那霉素抗性芽诱导率提高至24.3％.卡那霉素抗性植株叶片GUS染色与PCR扩增结果显示,ShivaA基因已转化至美味猕猴桃秦美.[结论]AS不同使用方式及其浓度对叶片GUS瞬时阳性表达率的提高具有明显影响;选择培养初期进行暗培养6～8 d或暗培养结合添加1.0～2.0 g/L DTT抗褐化剂,均可降低美味猕猴桃叶片转化芽再生过程中的褐化,提高转化效率.     

不同土壤类型对毛竹林生长的影响研究

研究了福建省常见的7种土壤类型（红壤、黄红壤、黄壤、紫色土、红土、黄泥土、水稻土）对毛竹林出笋数、新竹成竹率和新竹胸径的影响。结果显示,毛竹林出笋数及新竹胸径在不同土壤类型间均存在极显著差异,新竹成竹率在不同土壤类型处理间的差异不显著。研究结果认为,在毛竹造林时应优先选择退耕的农地,即耕作土壤黄泥土和红土。     

黔南扁穗雀麦原种生产技术

从直接育种繁殖原种、三圃法生产原种、二圃法生产原种3方面介绍黔南扁穗雀麦原种繁育技术,为该品种推广提供参考。     

Estimating theoretical radiation‐use efficiency for kale crops

Establishing the radiation‐use efficiency (RUE) of forage brassica crops will aid our understanding of their photosynthetic performance. The concept of RUE has been developed for cereals and legumes, but there is limited information for forage brassica crops. Three experiments defining the influence of different sowing dates on ‘Gruner’ kale (Brassica oleracea acephala L.) dry matter production were conducted at Hastings (Hawkes Bay) and Lincoln (Canterbury) in New Zealand between 2002 and 2009. These trials were also evaluated for radiation interception and RUE. Delayed sowing increased RUE in two out of three experiments across sites: from 1·93 g MJ^?1 photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) for December‐sown crops to 2·72 g MJ^?1 PAR (P < 0·001) for January‐sown crops at Hastings and from 1·50 for September‐sown crops to 2·00 g MJ^?1 PAR (P < 0·001) for November‐sown crops at Lincoln. The different sowing dates and years of experimentation provided a range of mean temperatures (from 13 to 16°C) during the vegetative period. Across years and sowing dates, RUE was strongly correlated with mean temperature (R² = 0·81) and sowing date (R² = 0·64), but weakly correlated with season length (R² = 0·11) and dry matter (R² = 0·002). There was also a strong correlation (R² = 0·83) between sowing date and mean temperature. The increase in RUE with delayed sowing was therefore mainly attributed to increased mean temperatures. Radiation‐use efficiency increased at about 0·41 g MJ^?1 for each 1°C increase from 13 to 16°C.