气象灾害对江西柑桔生产的影响及防治措施

介绍了江西省柑桔产业发展的现状,综述了近年来低温冻害、季节性干旱对江西柑桔生产的影响,阐述了这2种气象灾害的气象特征、柑桔的受害特征以及灾害的评估和防治措施,并讨论了今后在柑桔防灾减灾方面的研究方向。     

适用于西瓜砧木育苗的菌糠基质筛选

以4 种菌糠为复合育苗基质对西瓜砧木进行育苗试验,考察各菌糠品种应用于西瓜砧木育苗的适用性,筛选出适用西瓜砧木育苗的菌糠品种。试验选取海鲜菇、杏鲍菇、金针菇以及茶树菇菌糠分别与蛭石混合配制成复合育苗基质,测定各基质的理化性状并进行西瓜砧木育苗试验。结果表明：杏鲍菇和金针菇菌糠容重相对较小,总孔隙度相对较少;海鲜菇、茶树菇菌糠育苗效果优于杏鲍菇和金针菇处理;海鲜菇菌糠:蛭石=4:1、茶树菇菌糠:蛭石=1:1 基质处理西瓜砧木壮苗指数达0.36、0.37,显著高于对照的草炭:蛭石=2:1处理。建议选择海鲜菇、茶树菇菌糠进行西瓜砧木育苗复合基质的进一步研发。     

梅州市五华县石灰岩矿区土壤铅污染现状研究及改良对策

对梅州市五华县几个石灰岩矿区周边土壤中铅含量进行了测定,结果表明,污染土壤的铅含量远远超出了国家土壤环境质量三级标准（对土壤生态环境产生影响的最低浓度值）,对生态产生影响。根据内梅罗污染指数评定得出,矿区土壤铅污染达到重污染的程度。提出了减轻铅污染对生态环境危害的控制污染源措施和改良对策。     

海南野生观赏植物资源及其在园林中的应用

介绍了海南适宜在园林中应用的野生观赏植物资源,探讨了影响海南野生观赏植物在园林中推广的因素及栽培应用的意义,提出了野生观赏植物在园林中栽培应用的策略。     

大花皇冠栽培方法的研究

探索大花皇冠的形态特征、生长习性、分类地位等,并对其采用了水族箱栽培、水草池栽培、水景岸边栽培等多种栽培方法,对其在园林水景的应用进行了尝试,取得了一定的成果。     

谷糜田双斑长跗萤叶甲发生危害与防治对策

通过对黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市谷糜田双斑长跗萤叶甲形态特征、发生危害情况、生活习性及危害特点的观察研究,初步分析了该虫趋重发生的原因,并提出相应的防治对策。     

Nitrous oxide emissions and methane oxidation by soil following cultivation of two different leguminous pastures

 Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions and methane (CH₄) consumption were quantified following cultivation of two contrasting 4-year-old pastures. A clover sward was ploughed (to 150–200 mm depth) while a mixed herb ley sward was either ploughed (to 150–200 mm depth) or rotovated (to 50 mm depth). Cumulative N₂O emissions were significantly greater following ploughing of the clover sward, with 4.01 kg N₂O-N ha^–1 being emitted in a 48-day period. Emissions following ploughing and rotovating of the ley sward were much less and were not statistically different from each other, with 0.26 and 0.17 kg N₂O-N ha^–1 being measured, respectively, over a 55-day period. The large difference in cumulative N₂O between the clover and ley sites is presumably due to the initially higher soil NO₃ ^– content, greater water filled pore space and lower soil pH at the clover site. Results from a denitrification enzyme assay conducted on soils from both sites showed a strong negative relationship (r=–0.82) between soil pH and the N₂O:(N₂O+N₂) ratio. It is suggested that further research is required to determine if control of soil pH may provide a relatively cheap mitigation option for N₂O emissions from these soils. There were no significant differences in CH₄ oxidation rates due to sward type or form of cultivation. Received: 1 November 1998     

芳香植物种子的萌发试验

[目的]探讨不同栽培基质和植物生长调节剂对芳香植物种子萌发的影响。[方法]以普罗旺斯薰衣草、法国百里香和柠檬草薄荷为试验材料,研究园表土、营养土＋砂以及营养土＋陶粒3种不同栽培基质,以及GA3和6-BA2种生长调节剂对种子萌发的影响。[结果]3种芳香植物种子在营养土＋陶粒的栽培基质中萌发较好;GA3和6-BA对3种芳香植物种子的萌发都有促进作用,且GA3的促进作用较为明显。[结论]芳香植物用GA3处理并在营养土＋陶粒的栽培基质中培育效果较好。     

蘑菇栽培咨询系统软件的初步研究

本文介绍一种蘑菇栽培咨询系统软件，该软件在ＩＢＭ－ＰＣ微机上实现，以全部汉字方式进行人机对话与输出，程序采用模块化结构、系统以菜单方式运行，可对蘑菇栽培全过程进行信息查询和病害诊断，实践证明，该软件能成功地指导蘑菇生产。     

高产稳产优质耐旱型水稻新品种金穗1号选育 及旱直播栽培技术

金穗1号是以花培品种“早花2号”为亲本,与优良性状互补的品种杂交配组育成的水稻新品种。既保持了水稻品种高产稳产抗性强品质优的特点,而且抗旱性突出,适合旱直播栽培。冀东旱直播高产栽培的关键在于早播,充分利用当地的气候条件。