棉籽饼提取物对小麦白粉病和黄瓜霜霉病防治试验

用棉籽饼提取物配制的杀菌剂，分别对黄瓜霜霉病（ Pseudoperonospora cubensishe ） 和小麦白粉病（ Erysiphe graminis ）进行田间防治试验，结果表明．500倍处理1周后，对黄瓜霜霉病防治效果为55．5％；750倍和1000倍处理1周后，可以使小麦白粉病病情指数分别减少28．22％和42．01％。     

棉籽蛋白质和油分形成的模拟模型

基于不同熟性棉花品种的异地分期播种和施氮量试验,综合量化品种特性、主要气象条件(温度、太阳辐射)和栽培措施(施氮量)对棉籽蛋白质和油分的影响,基于棉籽氮素积累和油分合成的“库限制”假设,结合棉花铃期与棉籽干物质积累模型,建立基于过程的棉籽蛋白质和油分形成模拟模型。利用不同生态点不同品种、播期和施氮量的田间试验资料对模型进行检验的结果表明,供试品种科棉1号和美棉33B棉籽的蛋白质含量模拟值与实测值的根均方差(RMSE)分别为2.05%和2.33%,其油分含量模拟值与实测值的RMSE分别为2.45%和2.95%。模型以主要气象资料(日平均温度、日太阳辐射量)和栽培措施(施氮量)作为模型输入,以棉花铃期与棉籽干物质积累模拟模型为基础,实现了较广泛生态条件下对不同品种棉花棉籽蛋白质和油分形成过程的模拟及其含量的动态预测。模型预测精度高,广适性强。     

Crop rotation and soil temperature influence the community structure of Aspergillus flavus in soil

Aspergillus flavus, the most important cause of aflatoxin contamination, has two major morphotypes commonly termed ‘S’ and ‘L’ strains. Strain S isolates, on average, produce more aflatoxins than the strain L isolates. The S strain has been implicated as the primary causal agent of several contamination events in both North America and Africa. Strain S incidence and A. flavus propagules were quantified periodically in 11 agricultural fields in South Texas from spring 2001 through spring 2003. Both A. flavus populations and S strain incidence varied significantly among seasons, with warm seasons having higher average quantities of A. flavus (718 CFU g⁻¹) and higher incidences of the S strain (32.3%) than cold seasons (403 CFU g⁻¹ and 16.9% incidence). Previous crop influenced both the quantity of A. flavus and S strains incidence. Corn favors higher soil populations of A. flavus (1628 CFU g⁻¹) compared to cotton (374 CFU g⁻¹) and sorghum (237 CFU g⁻¹). In the agroecosystem of South Texas, both cotton (23.7%) and sorghum (23.5%) favored greater S strain incidence compared to corn (14.0%). Soil surface temperature greatly influenced fungal communities with propagule density decreasing when daily average soil temperature was either below 18 °C or above 30 °C, and the proportion of A. flavus belonging to the S strain increasing as soil temperature increased. The results suggest it may be possible to manipulate crop rotations in order to reduce aflatoxin severity, and that periods of increased soil temperature drive selection of the highly toxigenic S strain of A. flavus in warm climates.     

基于异速生长关系的棉籽油分含量模拟模型

基于不同熟性棉花品种的异地分期播种和施氮量试验,分析棉籽油分含量与棉籽生物量间的异速关系,综合品种特性、主要气象条件,以棉籽生物量为驱动,建立基于异速生长关系的棉籽油分含量模拟模型。利用不同生态点品种、播期和施氮量的田间试验资料的检验结果表明:安阳、淮安和徐州试点模拟值与实测值的RMSE分别为2.2%、2.9%和2.4%。说明依据棉籽油分含量与生物量间的异速生长关系预测棉籽油分含量切实可行,模型预测性好,广适性较强。     

Supplementation of cottonseed meal on feed intake, digestibility, live weight and carcass parameters of Sidama goats

The experiment was conducted at Dilla Agricultural Technical Vocational Education and Training (ATVET) College in Ethiopia using twenty-four yearling intact male Sidama goats with a mean body weight (BW) of 16.8 ± 1.14 kg (mean ± SD). The objective of the experiment was to examine the effect of different levels of cottonseed meal (CSM) supplementation on the feed intake, digestibility, BW gain, and carcass parameters of Sidama goats. The experiment consisted of 90 days of feeding trial and 10 days of digestibility trial followed by evaluation of carcass parameters at the end of the experiment. The treatments included ad libitum feeding of hay (T1, control) and daily supplementation of CSM at 200 g (T2), 300 g (T3) and 400 g (T4) per head on dry matter (DM) basis. The experimental design was a completely randomized block design. The experimental goats were blocked on initial BW and six goats were randomly assigned to each treatment. Hay DM, crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake were higher (P < 0.001) in the non-supplemented than in the supplemented goats, however, the contrary was true for total CP intake. Total DM intake was higher (P < 0.001) for goats supplemented with the high level of CSM than those on the control treatment. Among CSM supplemented goats, the intake of CSM DM, CP, NDF (P < 0.001) and total CP (P < 0.01) were higher in the order of T4 > T3 > T2. The high level of supplementation with CSM resulted in better (P < 0.05) apparent digestibility coefficient (DC) of DM and organic matter (OM) compared to the non-supplemented goats. The apparent DC of CP was higher (P < 0.01) for supplemented than non-supplemented goats. The non-supplemented goats had lower daily BW gain, empty BW, dressing percentage on slaughter weight base, rib-eye muscle area (P < 0.01), BW change (P < 0.001), final BW (P < 0.05) and higher feed conversion ratio (P < 0.01) than the supplemented ones. The medium level of supplementation resulted in higher daily BW gain (P < 0.01), BW change (P < 0.001), final BW (P < 0.05) and lower feed conversion ratio (P < 0.01) than the lower level of supplementation, but with no differences (P > 0.05) in these parameters with the high level of supplementation. Therefore, it is concluded that supplementation of CSM at 300 g DM per head per day resulted in better animal performance parameters in Sidama goats.     

玉米芯栽培柳松菇试验

为充分利用本地玉米芯资源 ,筛选出玉米芯栽培柳松菇的优良配方 ,进行了玉米芯栽培柳松菇试验 ,结果表明 ,用棉籽壳 60 %、玉米芯 2 0 %、麸皮 1 7%、磷肥 1 %、石膏 1 %、CaCO3 1 %的配方 ,柳松菇菌丝生长迅速 ,粗壮浓密 ,产量比对照增加 5 .1 % ,产量方差分析表明各组间差异达极显著水平     

棉籽蛋白质饲料猪消化能估测模型的研究

本试验旨在通过研究棉籽蛋白质饲料中的营养物质(NM)和非营养物质(NNM)对其消化能值的影响,探讨通过棉籽蛋白质饲料的化学成分估测其猪消化能值的可行性,为建立棉籽蛋白质饲料猪消化能估测模型提供科学方法。选取体重(35±2)kg、遗传基础接近、健康良好的杜×长×大三元杂交去势公猪8头,采用2个4×4拉丁方试验设计,用全收粪套算法测定8种棉籽蛋白质饲料的消化能(DE),通过分析饲料中CP、EE、CF、Ash、NDF、ADF、ADL、GE与DE的相关关系及对DE变异的影响筛选出用于估测棉籽蛋白质饲料DE的最佳估测因子及估测模型。结果表明,棉籽蛋白质饲料的EE、CP、Ash与DE无显著的相关关系(︱r︱≤0.51,P>0.05),而CF、NDF、ADF、ADL、GE与DE呈高度的相关(︱r︱≥0.9 5,P<0.0 1),但CF、NDF、ADL和GE对DE的影响主要是通过ADF对DE的影响来实现的,因此,估测棉籽蛋白质饲料DE的最佳回归模型为DE(MJ/kg)=1 6.5 2-0.2 8×ADF%(R2=0.95,RSD=0.51,P<0.01)。该模型具有较高的估测精度、最少的估测因子和较强的可操作性。     

综述棉籽的深加工及综合利用

棉籽既是一种重要的植物油脂资源,又是一种亟待开发利用的重要蛋白资源。本文对我国棉籽深加工的现状进行了评述,指出了棉籽深加工及综合利用的前景。     

不同温度下有休眠棉种贮藏效果分析

对休眠期棉花毛子和包衣种子在常温、0℃和-18℃3种温度条件下密闭贮藏3年后的发芽率、发芽势、新鲜不发芽的百分率(休眠率)、芽长及芽鲜重进行分析比较。结果表明,经过3年的贮藏,常温下贮藏棉种已经劣变;-18℃冻藏则使棉种最大程度地保持了休眠状态;0℃种质库贮藏毛子和包衣种子各指标均是最好的。温度越低,休眠解除越不完全,常温密闭的条件下,有休眠棉种贮藏3年不可行,0℃种质库是长期贮藏的最优条件。     

影响棉籽饼生产单细胞蛋白饲料因素分析

对四种影响棉籽饼生产单细胞蛋白饲料因素作了分析.这四种因素是基础发酵料中棉籽饼的不同配比,发酵料含水率,PH值及发酵过程中对发酵料的翻动次数,结果表明,基础料中棉籽饼占80%,含水率为60%PH值为5.2时对饲料生产及产品粗蛋白质含量影响最大,发酵中翻动次数对产品质量及饲料生产影响不大.