Post-shearing management affects the seroincidence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection in sheep flocks

Associations between the incidence of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) in sheep and post-shearing management and environmental factors were examined in a prospective study. CLA incidence was measured in 126 groups of 1- and 2-year-old sheep in 70 Western Australian flocks selected from the prevalence of cull-for-age ewes with CLA lesions at abattoirs. CLA incidence was assessed using a CLA toxin ELISA. Dichotomous and polychotomous stepwise logistic regression methods were compared in examining the effects of management and environment on CLA incidence. Shower dipping sheep for ectoparasite control after shearing increased the odds of high CLA incidence by five to six times and keeping sheep under cover for 1 h or more after shearing increased the odds of being in high CLA incidence categories three-fold. The seroprevalence of existing CLA infection within each age group affected incidence more than did the overall slaughter-based flock estimate. This suggests that CLA spreads mostly within groups of sheep shorn together.     

Colostral Transfer in the Goat of Antibodies Against Corynebacterium Pseudotuberculosis and the Antibody Status of Kids During the First 10 Months of Life

Serum and colostrum samples from goats at parturition and serum samples from their kids at 3 days and at 4, 7, 10 and 12 weeks after birth were examined for the presence of antibodies to Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis hemolysins. The hemolysis inhibition test (HIT) was used. High correlation was found between titre values of antihemolysins in serum and colostrum of goats at parturition (correlation coefficient r = 0.83; P < 0.01). Intermediate correlation was found between antihemolysin titre in colostrum of goats and in the sera of their kids 3 days old (r = 0.56; 0.01 < P < 0.05). Furthermore, titre values for 3 day-old kids showed high correlation with the antihemolysin titres when the kids aged 4 and 7 weeks (r = 0.76 and 0.85, respectively; P < 0.01). Antihemolysin titres decreased linearly in kids from 3 days to 10 weeks old. Calculated half life of antibodies was 12 days. Most of the kids had detectable antibodies up to the age of 5–6 weeks. None of the kids were seropositive at 2½ months of age.Serum samples collected monthly from a group of kids chosen at random, aged 7–10 months, contained antibodies to hemolysins in half of the animals at the first testing. At the age of 10 months 14 out of 15 kids were seropositive. Thus, most of the kids from this herd were exposed to G. pseudotuberculosis antigens during summer and autumn of their first year of life.Prophylactic measures against caseous lymphadenitis is briefly discussed.     

A serological investigation of caseous lymphadenitis in four flocks of sheep

A double antibody sandwich ELISA developed by ID-DLO, Lelystad to detect Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis infection was used on 329 sheep from four pedigree Suffolk flocks in which clinical cases of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) had occurred. At subsequent necropsy, typical CLA lesions were seen in 133 sheep, and the diagnosis was confirmed on culture. Lesions were most commonly seen in lungs (n = 46), parotid lymph nodes (n = 44), prescapular lymph nodes (n = 38) and mediastinal lymph nodes (n = 31). The sensitivity of the ELISA test for detecting culture-positive sheep was 0.88, while the specificity of the test was 0.55. The antibody ELISA detected 87.5 per cent of sheep that had CLA lesions restricted to internal organs only. It was concluded that the ELISA test has a valuable role in detecting sheep with both clinical and subclinical CLA.     

L-苏氨酸产生菌的选育

[目的]为苏氨酸基因工程菌的构建和苏氨酸的工业化生产奠定基础。[方法]以谷氨酸棒杆菌为出发菌株,采用紫外线（UV）诱变和硫酸二乙酯（DES）复合诱变进行诱变处理并筛选出AHV抗性突变株。[结果]用细菌选择性平板选出产酸菌株266株,用纸层析法从中选出产苏氨酸菌株3株,其产苏氨酸量分别为0．18、0．12和0．08g／L。在AHV浓度为0、1．5和3．0g／L的平板上,菌株X1的菌落多且大;在AHV浓度为4．5g／L的平板上,其菌落少且小;在AHV浓度为6．0和7．5g／L的平板上仅有几个小菌落。传代试验表明只有菌株UV-3能稳定产酸,产量比出发菌株高55．6％。在AHV浓度为4．5、6．0和7．5g／L的平板上,菌株UV-3的菌落多且大;在AHV浓度为9．0g／L的平板上,其菌落少且小;在AHV浓度为10．5g／L的平板上仅有几个小菌落。[结论]该试验成功选育出了一株稳定、高产并具有AHV抗性的L-苏氨酸产生菌。     

Caseous Lymphadenitis in Goats: The Pathogenesis,Incubation Period and Serological Response after Experimental Infection

Twenty goats, in two groups of 10, were injected intradermally with Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. The doses of infection were 1×10⁵ and 5×10⁴ colony-forming units (cfu) for groups 1 and 2, respectively. Thereafter, a goat from each group was killed every 2–3 days and examined for gross and microscopic caseous lesions in the draining lymph nodes. Bands or zones of macrophages and polymorphonuclear granulocytes were observed microscopically on the second day of infection in both groups. Gross caseous lesions were observed from days 8 and 9 of infection, respectively. Positive bacterial agglutination test and haemolysis inhibition test titres were detected after 15–17 days and 20–25 days of infection, respectively. These results indicated that caseous lymphadenitis is a subacute disease with an incubation period of 8–9 days, but that it is not detectable serologically until after 15 days of infection.     

谷氨酸棒状杆菌在乙酸盐和葡萄糖基质上的蓝白生长筛选(英文)

在谷氨酸棒状杆菌乙酸盐代谢调控关键酶-异柠檬酸裂解酶aceA基因两段启动子区域后面组装了无启动子的β-半乳糖苷酶报道基因,并且带上四环素抗性标记基因构建了两个检测质粒pROH7 和pROHO.通过该两个质粒转化了谷氨酸棒状杆菌野生型菌株Corynebacterium glutamicum ACTT 14752,分别获得了含有两个检测质粒的两种谷氨酸棒状杆菌,由此建立了谷氨酸棒状杆菌在乙酸盐和葡萄糖基质上的两个蓝白生长筛选系统.结果显示当两种菌株生长在含有葡萄糖的基本培养基上时呈现白色菌落,而生长在含有乙酸盐的基本培养基上时呈现蓝色菌落;其中菌落颜色还随菌株中检测质粒pROH7 和pROHO的不同而呈现淡蓝色和深蓝色的变化.含有检测质粒pROH7 和pROHO菌落的颜色变化反映了细胞在葡萄糖和乙酸盐不同和碳源上的调控状态,该两个质粒在鉴定乙酸盐代谢中的调控变化方面是有积极意义.     

氯氰菊酯降解菌Y-3的诱变育种与筛选

以从菠菜叶片内分离到对氯氰菊酯降解率较高的菌株Y-3(Corynebacterium vitarumen)为出发菌,进行化学诱变和紫外诱变.结果显示,DES对菌株Y-3的最佳诱变条件为2%60 min、3%40 min和4%20 min,紫外线对对菌株Y-3的最佳诱变条件为5 cm 8 min、10 cm 20 min和15 cm 30 min.通过诱变与筛选,最终获得13株突变株,与野生菌株对比,7株突变株对氯氰菊酯的降解率有明显的提高,其中有3株突变株具有一定的遗传稳定性.     

Optimizing Conditions Analysis of Levan by Whole-cell Biocatalysis with Corynebacterium glutamicum

This experiment was aimed to explore a new way for microbial synthesis of Levan and optimize its synthesis conditions.Levan synthesis by whole-cell catalysis using recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum that transferred into levansucrase,and the response surface method were used to optimize the synthesis conditions with Levan yield as the response value.Firstly,the Plackett-Burman design was used to screen out three main factors affecting yield (sucrose concentration,final concentration of ethanol in Levan extraction and Ca²⁺ concentration) from 7 related factors (sucrose concentration,bacterial concentration,transformation time,transformation pH,Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ concentration in PBS,and final concentration of ethanol in Levan fructan extraction).Then the three most important factors selected were used for the steepest climbing test to approach the region of maximum response value,and finally use the BBD response surface method to determine the interaction between the three main factors and the best synthesis conditions.The results showed that the average yield of Levan was 0.069 g/mL in the initial experiment.The response surface method was used to optimize the whole-cell biocatalysis of Levan by Corynebacterium glutamate.The most influential factor was sucrose concentration,the second was the final concentration of ethanol,and the last was the Ca²⁺ concentration in the transformation solution.When the sucrose concentration was 52.71%,the final ethanol concentration was 85.31%,and the Ca²⁺ concentration was 0.04 g/L,the average yield of Levan synthesized by recombination Corynebacterium glutamate was 0.238 g/mL,which was close to the model's predicted maximum value of 0.233 g/mL,and the conversion rate was about 44%.The conversion rate was 1.9 times higher than the initial test,and the yield was 3.4 times higher than the initial test.The results provided the basis for Levan industrial production,and laid the foundation for its research in animal medicine and nutrition.     

Guttural pouch empyema caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in a pregnant mare

During medical management of mild colic in a 12‐year‐old Quarter Horse, mid‐gestation mare, unilateral purulent nasal discharge from the right nostril was noted. Endoscopic examination revealed guttural pouch empyema. Culture was positive for Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and negative for Streptococcus equi ssp. equi. A synergistic haemolysis inhibition titre of 1024 was consistent with C. pseudotuberculosis infection. Treatment included serial lavages and local infusion of antibiotics into the guttural pouches along with a 6‐week course of oral trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole and rifampicin. Overall, no additional sites of infection were identified and the mare responded well to treatment, delivering a healthy, full‐term foal. This case emphasises that C. pseudotuberculosis, although uncommon, should be considered as a differential for guttural pouch empyema.