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世界棉花育种科技水平进展与发展对策 总被引:15,自引:1,他引:15
90年代以来,世界棉花育种的特点为:(1)以提高单产为主要目标;(2)以提高纤维品质为主要目标;(3)以保护环境为主要目标。通过不同的育种途径,棉花育种成绩斐然,为人类的发展提供了重要的物质基础。2000年前,中国棉花育种对策的重点应(1)加强基础研究;(2)改革现行流通体制;(3)改进原棉检测手段;(4)育种目标与市场反馈信息结合。 相似文献
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Hans G.P. Jansen Angel Rodriguez Amy Damon John Pender Jacqueline Chenier Rob Schipper 《Agricultural Systems》2006
Based on the results of participatory diagnostic surveys conducted in 95 rural communities in the hillsides of Honduras, we determine income earning strategies at the community level; identify their main determinants; and analyze the adoption of of conservation practices. Eight income-earning strategies were distinguished that reflect differences in comparative advantage between communities. We explain the choice of income earning strategy using a multinomial logit model that includes biophysical, economic, social and institutional variables. We use a probit model to show that adoption of conservation practices is determined by the type of income earning strategy, population density, market access, and organizational variables. 相似文献
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日本设施栽培土壤热水消毒技术的发展现状 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
简要说明了土壤物理消毒技术的基本方法和原理,着重介绍了日本土壤热水消毒法的发展过程,土壤热水消毒的主要设备、基本作业步骤、土壤热水消毒的功效。 相似文献
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依据大量的实测试验资料,论证了土壤水分对小麦、玉米、棉花生长发育的影响及不同土壤水分与作物产量的关系,分析确定了三种作物高产的适宜土壤水分上、下限指标,为实现高产及节水灌溉提供了依据。 相似文献
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构建农村法律援助体系的难点与对策 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
民主法制建设是建设社会主义新农村的重要内容之一,法律援助在农村民主法制建设中占有突出地位。针对农村法律援助面临人员缺乏、经费不足等问题,提出了采取加强人才队伍建设和拓宽经费筹措渠道等措施。 相似文献
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Antonino Cusumano Jeffrey A Harvey Mitchel E Bourne Erik H Poelman Jetske G de Boer 《Pest management science》2020,76(2):432-443
Insect hyperparasitoids are fourth trophic level organisms that commonly occur in terrestrial food webs, yet they are relatively understudied. These top‐carnivores can disrupt biological pest control by suppressing the populations of their parasitoid hosts, leading to pest outbreaks, especially in confined environments such as greenhouses where augmentative biological control is used. There is no effective eco‐friendly strategy that can be used to control hyperparasitoids. Recent advances in the chemical ecology of hyperparasitoid foraging behavior have opened opportunities for manipulating these top‐carnivores in such a way that biological pest control becomes more efficient. We propose various infochemical‐based strategies to manage hyperparasitoids. We suggest that a push‐pull strategy could be a promising approach to ‘push’ hyperparasitoids away from their parasitoid hosts and ‘pull’ them into traps. Additionally, we discuss how infochemicals can be used to develop innovative tools improving biological pest control (i) to restrict accessibility of resources (e.g. sugars and alternative hosts) to primary parasitoid only or (ii) to monitor hyperparasitoid presence in the crop for early detection. We also identify important missing information in order to control hyperparasitoids and outline what research is needed to reach this goal. Testing the efficacy of synthetic infochemicals in confined environments is a crucial step towards the implementation of chemical ecology‐based approaches targeting hyperparasitoids. © 2019 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. 相似文献
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Communal rangeland management policies in Botswana and Zimbabwe are based on incorrect technical assumptions about the stability of semiarid rangeland, the nature of rangeland degradation, and the benefits of destocking. Consequently, inappropriate policies, stressing the need to destock and stabilise the rangelands, are pursued. Acknowledgement of the great instability but intrinsic resilience of rangeland would encourage the Governments to more favourably regard the opportunistic stocking strategies of the agro-pastoralists of the Communal Areas. However, degradation of rangelands is occurring, although at varying rates. This justifies the promotion of a ‘tracking strategy’, in which livestock densities are encouraged to follow, more closely that at present, variations in rainfall. The establishment of grazing territories controlled by specific ‘communities’ may be a prerequisite for the promotion of the tracking strategy, and for communal rangeland management and improvement. However, the establishment of such territories must take into account social equity, institutional problems and transaction costs, as well as spatial and temporal variation in rangeland resources. 相似文献
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