数字阅读特点及高校图书馆应对策略

介绍了数字环境下的阅读类型的特点,探讨了浅阅读和微阅读等新兴阅读行为的影响,并提出了高校图书馆的相应应对策略。     

深圳碧海湾高尔夫球场草坪春季杂草及防除策略研究

对深圳碧海湾高尔夫球场草坪进行调查,发现春季草坪杂草有95种,分属26科80属。阔叶杂草有75种,占杂草总数的78.95%;半日子叶杂草20种,占杂草总数的21.05%。对球道和长草区或边坡的杂草发生特点分别进行分析。针对杂草的发生来源和特点,提出了草坪杂草的防除策略。     

Phylogeography and conservation of the populations of Zootoca vivipara carniolica

The lizard Zootoca vivipara has both oviparous and viviparous populations which belong to distinct clades. This study aims to elucidate the geographic distribution, phylogeography and conservation priority of the oviparous subspecies, Zootoca vivipara carniolica, that has recently been identified in Slovenia. We studied seven Slovenian populations, two northeastern Italian populations and five northwestern Italian populations. The seven cytochrome b haplotypes that we identified from the Slovenian and Italian oviparous populations form a monophyletic basal clade. The high homogeneity of the Slovenian and northeastern Italian populations (nucleotide diversity π=0.06%) is a striking contrast with the pattern observed in northwest Italy where each of the five populations studied presents a private haplotype (π=1.03%). The results obtained suggest that all the extant lineages of Z. v. carniolica have originated in an Italian refuge. The reproductive and phylogenetic distinctiveness of Z. v. carniolica clearly justifies conservation of its populations, especially in Italy where the highest genetic diversity and the most ancestral haplotype were observed.     

湖南两江峡谷森林公园夏季鸟类资源调查

2007年7月4～11日,对湖南两江峡谷森林公园夏季鸟类资源进行了调查。通过样线调查法并结合鸟网捕捉,共记录到68种鸟类,隶属于14目31科,占湖南省400种鸟类的17.00%。其中53种属东洋界种类、3种属古北界种类、12种属广布种;留鸟60种、夏候鸟8种。8种鸟类属国家Ⅱ级保护动物,占鸟类物种数的11.76%。根据调查结果与分析,提出了鸟类资源保护与利用的合理性建议。     

黑龙江省的蝮蛇资源及保护现状

通过2001～2005年对黑龙江省蝮蛇资源进行调查研究，确定黑龙江省的蝮蛇为乌苏里蝮（Gloydiusussuriensis）、岩栖蝮（G．saxatilis）和中介蝮（G．intermedius）三种，主要分布在大、小兴安岭及东部山地。其中乌苏里蝮为广布种，种群数量居多；岩栖蝮主要分布在黑龙江省南部，数量较多；中介蝮主要分布在黑龙江省北部，种群数量较少，且与岩栖蝮存在地理隔离。同时对黑龙江省蝮蛇的保护现状和影响种群增长的因素进行分析，提出种群管理和合理利用的意见。     

国内巨蜥的研究现状

由于人类的乱捕滥猎和巨蜥栖息地的改变，造成巨蜥数量急剧减少。一般认为国内存在2种巨蜥，即Varanus salvator和Varanus bengalensis bengalensis，主要分布于云南、广西、海南和广东四省。巨蜥的生境多位于热带或亚热带的河流附近或沿海河口一带。穴居，且具有爬树和游泳能力。其食物十分广泛，包括小型哺乳类（如啮齿类）、鸟类、两栖爬行类（蛇、蜥蜴、小龟、蛙）、鱼和一些无脊椎动物（蟹、虾、昆虫）。其捕食方式为公开追击方式（open-pursuit）。春季和夏季是巨蜥发情交配和产卵的季节。人工条件下，巨蜥卵的孵化时间约为7个月左右。当前巨蜥保护工作的首要任务，是迅速查明国内巨蜥的种类、分布、野外种群数量及其致危因子等信息，这将是制定有效的巨蜥保护策略的基础。     

Habitat Selection and Breeding Success in a Forest-nesting Alcid, the Marbled Murrelet, in Two Landscapes with Different Degrees of Forest Fragmentation

We studied habitat selection and breeding success in marked populations of a protected seabird (family Alcidae), the marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus), in a relatively intact and a heavily logged old-growth forest landscape in south-western Canada. Murrelets used old-growth fragments either proportionately to their size frequency distribution (intact) or they tended to nest in disproportionately smaller fragments (logged). Multiple regression modelling showed that murrelet distribution could be explained by proximity of nests to landscape features producing biotic and abiotic edge effects. Streams, steeper slopes and lower elevations were selected in both landscapes, probably due to good nesting habitat conditions and easier access to nest sites. In the logged landscape, the murrelets nested closer to recent clearcuts than would be expected. Proximity to the ocean was favoured in the intact area. The models of habitat selection had satisfactory discriminatory ability in both landscapes. Breeding success (probability of nest survival to the middle of the chick rearing period), inferred from nest attendance patterns by radio-tagged parents, was modelled in the logged landscape. Survivorship was greater in areas with recent clearcuts and lower in areas with much regrowth, i.e. it was positively correlated with recent habitat fragmentation. We conclude that marbled murrelets can successfully breed in old-growth forests fragmented by logging.     

Cytochrome P-based resistance mechanism and pyrethroid resistance in the field Anopheles albimanus resistance management trial

The relative rates of cytochrome P⁴⁵⁰ selection in southern Mexican Anopheles albimanus populations were investigated during a 3 years indoor residual house spraying intervention with a pyrethroid (PYR) or DDT, a mosaic of organophosphate (OP)-PYR, and the annual rotation of OP-PYR-carbamate (CARB). This insecticide resistance mechanism, initially evenly spread in the mosquito population, correlated with PYR resistance during the second treated year, when cytochrome P⁴⁵⁰ contents increased in most villages of the PYR, rotation and mosaic schemes. However, by the third year, mean cytochrome P⁴⁵⁰ contents declined to susceptible levels in mosquitoes of the rotation and one mosaic group but not in the PYR-treated villages. In DDT-treated villages, a continuous decrement of cytochrome P⁴⁵⁰ levels occurred since the first treatment year, and susceptible levels were observed at the end of the intervention. Most correlations of cytochrome P⁴⁵⁰ levels and PYR resistance were lost during the third year, indicating that another mechanism evolved in resistant mosquito populations.     

广东省黑熊资源及保护对策

广东省的黑熊资源在历史上曾经广泛分布于全省各地,但在1999～2001年的调查显示广东省的黑熊资源仅分布在粤北的部分山地林区,而且数量在50～100只左右。栖息地的减少和大量的捕杀都对黑熊资源产生威胁。因此我们建议对全省的黑熊资源进行调查及监测,加强野生黑熊资源保护及规范黑熊饲养场的管理等。     

Are hedgerows effective corridors between fragments of woodland habitat? An evidence-based approach

Anthropogenic modification of the countryside has resulted in much of the landscape consisting of fragments of once continuous habitat. Increasing habitat connectivity at the landscape-scale has a vital role to play in the conservation of species restricted to such remnant patches, especially as species may attempt to track zones of habitat that satisfy their niche requirements as the climate changes. Conservation policies and management strategies frequently advocate corridor creation as one approach to restore connectivity and to facilitate species movements through the landscape. Here we examine the utility of hedgerows as corridors between woodland habitat patches using rigorous systematic review methodology. Systematic searching yielded 26 studies which satisfied the review inclusion criteria. The empirical evidence currently available is insufficient to evaluate the effectiveness of hedgerow corridors as a conservation tool to promote the population viability of woodland fauna. However, the studies did provide anecdotal evidence of positive local population effects and indicated that some species use hedgerows as movement conduits. More replicated and controlled field investigations or long-term monitoring are required in order to allow practitioners and policy makers to make better informed decisions about hedgerow corridor creation and preservation. The benefits of such corridors in regard to increasing habitat connectivity remain equivocal, and the role of corridors in mitigating the effects of climate change at the landscape-scale is even less well understood.