达州市水果产业发展现状及思考

分析了达州市水果产业的发展现状,包括树种结构、果品生产、贮藏加工、销售、组织管理等方面;找出了存在的问题,提出了发展对策。     

茶条槭在东北地区的研究现状及展望

通过对茶条槭栽培和应用2方面现状的总结,基本掌握了茶条槭目前的研究状况,并在此基础上对茶条槭的进一步应用作出了展望,以便更好地利用东北地区这一具有发展潜力的树种资源。     

黑龙江省玉米工业加工现状及发展建议

对黑龙江省玉米产业加工能力及产品品种进行了分析比较,指出黑龙江省玉米产业加工已近饱和,但存在产品结构单一、技术含量低等弊端,并对黑龙江省今后发展玉米工业加工提出了制度、政策、创新研究等方面的合理化建议.     

黄鳝养殖生物学的研究进展

本文汇集了迄今为止有关黄鳝繁殖生物学的养殖生物学研究和实践的资料。     

An ecosystem-based assessment of the Korean blue crab trammel net fishery in the Yellow Sea and management implications

Landings in the blue crab, Portunus trituberculatus, fishery in Korean waters of the Yellow Sea have declined substantially from 11,000 t in the 1980s to 2,300 t in 2004. Blue crab habitat quality in the Yellow Sea has been degraded by anthropogenic activities including sand mining, land reclamation, and coastal pollution. Various traditional management measures have been implemented, including closed seasons during spawning and size limits, but these measures alone have been unsuccessful to conserve blue crab stocks. Consequently, a total allowable catch and a stock-rebuilding program using an ecosystem-based management approach were implemented in 2003 and 2006, respectively to rebuild blue crab stocks and restore habitats. This program involved assessment of both blue crab stock status and trammel-net fishery impacts at an ecosystem-level using an ecosystem-based fisheries assessment method ( [Zhang et al., 2009] and [Zhang et al., 2010]), which considered fishery data from catch and effort time-series, crab population biology, and ecosystem characteristics, including habitats and environmental conditions. Recent (2008) management status indices have shown significant positive change compared to conditions in 2000 with respect to sustainability of the stock and fishery and with regards to biodiversity and ecosystem habitat quality.     

汾河太原段轮虫多样性及群落结构的动态变化

调查汾河太原段轮虫群落结构的时空变化,探讨轮虫群落结构动态变化规律及其与环境理化因子的关系,为汾河太原段浮游动物动态预测和多样性保护提供必要信息,从生态系统的角度客观评价水质污染状况与水体富营养化程度。在汾河太原段设置采样点7个,于2014年3-12月对轮虫和水体理化指标进行逐月调查。共检出轮虫98种,隶属3目21科33属。全年优势种是长肢多肢轮虫（Polyarthra dolichoptera）和螺形龟甲轮虫（Keratella cochlearis）。调查期间月均检出轮虫28种,轮虫丰度变化范围为153 ~ 1 440 个/L,生物量为0.08～0.89 mg/L;种类数、丰度和生物量均表现为枯水季较低,丰水季最高。群落结构相似性分析表明不同营养状态水体之间差异显著,轮虫丰度、生物量、Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数均存在明显差异;中等营养条件的指示种为卵形无柄轮虫（Ascomorpha ovalis）和单趾狭甲轮虫（Colurella unicauda）,指示轻度富营养的指示种为柔软龟甲轮虫（Keratella delicata）,中等富营养水体的指示种则为臂尾轮属的种类。冗余分析结果显示环境变量对轮虫群落结构变异的解释率为 41.3%,水温、叶绿素a 、溶解氧、总氮等因子是影响轮虫时空分布的主要因素。轮虫群落结构特征可以指示水体的营养状态。     

Tissue indicators of element status in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) post-smolts: effect of fasting

Two groups of Atlantic salmon post-smolts previously fed diets either unsupplemented or supplemented with Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn were fasted for 6 weeks in order to study the reliability of tissue indicators of element status during fasting. The fish were weighed at 2-week intervals and samples of whole fish liver, vertebrae, serum and eyes were taken for analyses of elements by atomic absorption spectrometry.
Body weight, per cent dry matter, condition factor and haematocrit values decreased during the fasting period. The concentration of elements in whole body remained constant, indicating that whole body is a stable indicator of element status during fasting. Other tissues seemed to be more sensitive (i.e. hepatic Fe concentration and vertebrae Zn and Mn concentrations). The serum concentrations of the elements generally decreased during fasting, especially for P and Zn. Element concentrations in whole body and most tissues during fasting were generally more dependent upon initial element status than on the fasting itself.
Care should be taken in drawing conclusions about the element status of fish based solely upon the examination of serum concentrations, and more than one tissue indicator should be used in the establishment of the element status of fish.     

福建海区单拖渔业现状浅析

本文根据1998-2003年福建海区拖网渔业资源监测以及1995-1997年间闽南台湾浅渔场单拖渔业资源调查、1998年和2000-2001年福建海区拖网定点调查的资料,论述和分析福建海区单拖渔业的现状。结果表明:目前整个单拖渔业虽然船数削减,实际却加大渔船功率,作业时间延长,促使年产量、单位产量不断提高,导致渔获组成发生很大变化,由低质小型鱼类、生命周期短的头足类、虾蟹类支撑,渔获鱼类质量较差,经济效益下降;另一方面头足类、虾蟹类资源量年间波动性较大,易受捕捞过渡影响,很难长时间承担目前捕捞压力。为此,文中提出加强严格实行"双控制度"及控制网目规格等管理建议和意见,为有关渔业管理和生产部门提供参考依据。     

武汉上涉湖湿地资源现状及保护措施研究

上涉湖湿地湖区总面积4148hm2,是典型的淡水湖泊湖泛水沼泽湿地,属浅湖和沼泽湿地草甸相连续的湿地生态系统。湿地共有维管束植物581种、底栖动物29种、鱼类74种、兽类23种、鸟类111种。目前存在的主要问题是水域生境被人为阻隔、水生植物多样性降低、野生动物生存受到威胁等。在调查湿地现状的基础上,提出了湿地功能区划分建议。     

基于线粒体基因组COI和12S rRNA序列的魁蚶中国群体分类学地位研究

东北亚地区不同地理种群魁蚶(Scapharca brouhtonii)的分类学地位仍存在较大争议。为探讨魁蚶中国群体的分类地位,测定了魁蚶中国群体线粒体基因组COI和12S rRNA序列,并从GenBank中下载了蚶科26种贝类的同源序列进行分析。以贻贝科的贻贝(Mytilus edulis)为外群,用邻近法和最大简约法构建了蚶科贝类的分子系统进化树,分析其分子系统进化关系和分类等级。结果显示,魁蚶中国群体的COI和12S rRNA基因的碱基组成、密码子使用率及变异位点等与魁蚶日本群体和粗饰蚶属的Anadara sativa相似,且遗传距离很小,进化树中聚为一支,亲缘关系很近,初步确定魁蚶中国群体的分类地位和魁蚶日本群体一致。本研究结果初步阐明了魁蚶中国群体的分子系统进化地位,有利于掌握魁蚶的遗传背景和资源状况,以应用于自然资源的保护和推动养殖业的发展。