Where do you think you’re going? Accounting for ontogenetic and climate‐induced movement in spatially stratified integrated population assessment models

Understanding spatial population structure and biocomplexity is critical for determining a species’ resilience to environmental and anthropogenic perturbations. However, integrated population models (IPMs) used to develop management advice for harvested populations have been slow to incorporate spatial dynamics. Therefore, limited research has been devoted to understanding the reliability of movement parameter estimation in spatial population models, especially for spatially dynamic marine fish populations. We implemented a spatial simulation–estimation framework that emulated a generic marine fish metapopulation to explore the impact of ontogenetic movement and climate‐induced distributional shifts between two populations. The robustness of spatially stratified IPMs was explored across a range of movement parametrizations, including ignoring connectivity or estimating movement with various levels of complexity. Ignoring connectivity was detrimental to accurate estimation of population‐specific biomass, while implementing spatial IPMs with intermediate levels of complexity (e.g. estimating movement in two‐year and two‐age blocks) performed best when no a priori information about underlying movement was available. One‐way distributional shifts mimicking climate‐induced poleward migrations presented the greatest estimation difficulties, but the incorporation of auxiliary information on connectivity (e.g. tag‐recapture data) reduced bias. The continued development of spatially stratified modelling approaches should allow harvested resources to be better utilized without increased risk. Additionally, expanded collection and incorporation of unique spatially explicit data will enhance the robustness of IPMs in the future.     

Trawl fishing impacts on the status of seabed fauna in diverse regions of the globe

Bottom trawl fishing is a controversial activity. It yields about a quarter of the world's wild seafood, but also has impacts on the marine environment. Recent advances have quantified and improved understanding of large‐scale impacts of trawling on the seabed. However, such information needs to be coupled with distributions of benthic invertebrates (benthos) to assess whether these populations are being sustained under current trawling regimes. This study collated data from 13 diverse regions of the globe spanning four continents. Within each region, we combined trawl intensity distributions and predicted abundance distributions of benthos groups with impact and recovery parameters for taxonomic classes in a risk assessment model to estimate benthos status. The exposure of 220 predicted benthos‐group distributions to trawling intensity (as swept area ratio) ranged between 0% and 210% (mean = 37%) of abundance. However, benthos status, an indicator of the depleted abundance under chronic trawling pressure as a proportion of untrawled state, ranged between 0.86 and 1 (mean = 0.99), with 78% of benthos groups > 0.95. Mean benthos status was lowest in regions of Europe and Africa, and for taxonomic classes Bivalvia and Gastropoda. Our results demonstrate that while spatial overlap studies can help infer general patterns of potential risk, actual risks cannot be evaluated without using an assessment model that incorporates trawl impact and recovery metrics. These quantitative outputs are essential for sustainability assessments, and together with reference points and thresholds, can help managers ensure use of the marine environment is sustainable under the ecosystem approach to management.     

温州主要入海河流6种重金属的空间分布及风险评估

了解浙江温州地区主要入海河流重金属空间分布特征,合理评价研究区域水体重金属的潜在生态风险。在温州地区3条主要入海河流瓯江、飞云江和鳌江分析6种重金属的含量和空间分布,采用重金属污染指数法(HPI)和物种敏感性分布法(SSD)进行生态风险分析。Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、As的浓度分别为12.46~1 830.01、2.94~372.79、19.58~435.04、0.06~0.79、14.11~192.98和1.59~63.95μg/L,平均值分别为801.68、73.80、168.61、0.26、81.06和23.53μg/L。HPI评估结果表明,O4、F2、A1和A2 4个站位重金属污染程度高,F1站位污染程度中等,O1、O2、O3和A3污染程度低;其中对水体重金属污染贡献程度较高的4种重金属分别为Cu、Pb、Cd和Cr。SSD风险评价结果表明,Cu、Zn、Cr和As在所有站位的表现均为高生态风险,Pb在O4和A2站位表现为高生态风险,说明这5种重金属对所在区域水生生物具有较高的潜在危害。2种方法从不同角度对重金属的潜在生态风险进行了评价,能有效规避单一评价方法的不足,互为补充。     

生态农业中的农作物秸秆综合利用

从秸秆转化为饲料、肥料、能源、工业原料及作为基料生产食用菌等方面,深入阐述秸秆在农业生产中的重要用途及环保功能,以发挥秸秆对生态农业的促进作用,实现农业可持续发展。     

第三轮全国茶树品种区域试验湖南试验点区试报告(续)

我所于2003～2009年承担第三轮全国茶树品种区域试验湖南试验点工作,先后对参试的17个茶树新品种进行了生物学特性、产量、品质和抗寒性鉴定,并对每个参试品种作出了综合评价.     

黑龙江省农业企业内部绩效评价

随着农业产业化的推进,农业企业得到较快发展,为了实现农业企业的科学管理,要求对农业企业内部绩效进行评价。网络区间DEA方法是将农业企业分为若干个非完全独立的子系统,每个子系统中包括输入、输出和中间变量。笔者在大量理论研究的基础上,采用网络DEA方法和区间DEA方法相结合,建立农业企业绩效评价的模型,并利用DPS数据处理软件进行求解,然后对黑龙江省农业企业的内部绩效进行研究,进而找出农业企业内部绩效的影响因素,对其进行深入分析,最后提出农业企业内部绩效改进的方法策略。农业企业每个部门经营的绩效高,减少了农业企业各部门不必要资源的投入,提升了农业企业的内部绩效水平。     

The hosts and potential geographic range of Dothistroma needle blight

Dothistroma needle blight, one of the most important foliar diseases of Pinus spp., is caused primarily by the fungus Dothistroma septosporum (Dorog.) Morelet, and to a lesser extent by Dothistroma pini Hulbary. The potential distribution and abundance of Dothistroma spp. was determined by (i) developing a process-oriented model of potential distribution of Dothistroma spp. from known locations, (ii) compiling a comprehensive list of susceptible host species from existing scientific literature and (iii) determining the distribution of susceptible hosts in areas predicted to be suitable for range expansion of Dothistroma spp. Using these three sources of information regions at risk were identified as those that were predicted to be suitable for range expansion by Dothistroma spp. and included significant areas of susceptible host species.     

生态风景林研究进展

生态风景林是我国城市森林发展过程中形成的一个新林种.该文在对生态风景林营建技术及其效益评价相关研究成果进行概括的基础上,对当前重点研究方向进行了展望.     

北京地区林木损失额价值计量体系的应用说明

从研究理论的科学性与实际应用的可操作性相统一的角度出发,设计并研发《北京地区森林资源损失评估手册》,将其直接应用于不同森林类型林木损失额的计算,使得本项研究在具有科学性和合理性的同时,更具实际应用性和可操作性。文章对《手册》涉及的主要内容及功能、使用说明及流程、系统更新等进行了简要介绍。     

饲用微生物评价研究进展

随着饲用微生物产品的发展,饲用微生物评价方法相应而生。该文综述了饲用微生物品种鉴定,耐酸性和耐胆盐一般特性评价,生产功效评价,粘附作用、抑菌作用和免疫刺激作用评价的研究进展,期望为建立完善的饲用微生物评价体系提供参考。