Grass greenness flush can influence breeding phenology and fertility in equatorial thoroughbred mares in the absence of photoperiod variation

Reproductive phenology is an important trait subjected to natural selection. Current horses in America belong to the Palearctic original populations after being introduced by European colonizers. Photoperiod variation is the main environmental factor for the adjustment of reproductive timing in horses, but is absent in equatorial areas. Here we hypothesize that seasonality of green‐grass availability may influence breeding phenology in equatorial regions. We used data of 929 services to mares from 2006 to 2011 in a thoroughbred equine exploitation in Ecuador that experienced strong grass seasonality. Actual births could not be used to infer natural phenology because they were influenced by management decisions. Instead, we used variations in the probability of pregnancy after a service as a measure of the natural tendency of mares to show breeding phenology. We found that although managers tended to schedule pregnancies in two periods within the year, mares were more prone to become pregnant after the increase in grass greenness that takes place at the beginning of the year (February). Our finding has potential applications to improve the success of services and the welfare of animals, by providing green‐grass stimuli in the appropriate season.     

犬瘟热,猫细小病毒,犬腺病毒弱毒株的理化特性及生物学试验

以鸡胚成纤维细胞（ＣＥＦ）、猫肾传代细胞（ＣＲＦＫ）、狗肾传代细胞（ＭＤＣＫ）从引进的疫苗中分别分离到犬瘟热ＣＤＶ－Ａ株、猫细小病毒ＦＰＶ株、犬腺病毒ＣＡＶ１株。对三个弱毒株的细胞病变规律,形态特征,病毒滴度,理化特性,核酸型,血清学交叉反应,本动物的安全性及免疫原性等内容进行了试验。鉴定结果表明,３个弱毒株均可作为制苗用毒种     

EMS对播娘蒿生物学效应的研究

在２５℃、４℃不同温度条件下,用不同浓度的ＥＭＳ诱发播娘蒿突变。结果表明,播娘蒿的发芽势、发芽率、出苗率和幼苗高度均随ＥＭＳ浓度的提高而降低;且ＥＭＳ在４℃时较２５℃时对种子影响较小。ＥＭＳ诱变播娘蒿的适宜浓度在１０％和２０％之间。     

外引高羊茅草种的生物学特性研究

以39个美国高羊茅草坪草品种为供试材料,于1998年9月在福建农林大学试验教学农场进行试验。通过对景观品质、密度、质地、颜色、耐践踏性、弹性、日生长速度、覆盖率、成坪速度、叶面积指数和分蘖数等11个主要性状的观察表明,该种草坪具有景观品质优、耐践踏、弹性强、颜色大都较为浓绿等多种优点,是一个有极具开发潜力的草坪草种。以11个主要性状为依据,对39个品种进行聚类分析,定阈值为5.4为分类标准,初步将所有品种分为五大类。     

Plasma Steroid Variations in Bull Calves Repeatedly Treated with Testosterone,Nortestosterone and Oestradiol Administered Alone or in Combination

The aim of this work was to investigate the secretion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and oestradiol (E) as biological markers in response to illegal administration of testosterone, 19-nortestosterone (N) and oestradiol, either alone or in combination. Twenty male Friesian calves (age 13-14 months) were allotted to a control group (n = 5), and five experimental groups (n = 3) each. Each experimental animal was repeatedly injected with one of the following hormonal treatments: E, T, N, T+E and N+E. Circulating DHEA, T, DHT and E were determined by radioimmunoassay. The administration of T alone did not induce any variation in plasma DHEA, T, DHT and E, which were similar to those in the control group. In contrast, DHEA, T and DHT were on average significantly lower in the T+E and N-treated groups (p < 0.01), whereas the administration of N+E resulted in the reduction of plasma T and DHT without any modification of plasma DHEA. The administration of E alone or in combination increased circulating levels of E but did not affect androgen plasma profiles. The results indicate that plasma levels of T do not permit detection of illegal treatments because plasma androgens always remained within the physiological range. Illegal E treatment could be detected in blood samples when they were collected at least every 20 days.     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒分子生物学研究进展

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)基因组为不分段的单股正链RNA,其编码4种结构蛋白和3种非结构蛋白。TGEV S蛋白是基因工程研究的重点,近年来,S蛋白在大肠埃希菌、沙门菌、腺病毒等中得到了高效表达。将传染性胃肠炎病毒的基因组人工改造成为感染性cDNA的表达载体,此载体可在ORF3处插入外源基因,异源基因绿荧光蛋白可稳定、高效地表达。TGEV基因1和其他冠状病毒相比保守性很强,所以对TGEV聚合酶的研究,特别是其中保守酶的研究,对于抗TGEV及其他冠状病毒药物的研究有着重要的意义。     

转移因子与重组转移因子及其在疾病防治中的应用

转移因子是来自于免疫淋巴细胞的一类可透析小分子多肽,它能够将致敏淋巴细胞的免疫信息传递给未致敏的受体淋巴细胞。转移因子具有特异性和非特异性免疫活性,特异性转移因子具有转移特异性细胞免疫的能力,非特异性转移因子具有促进淋巴细胞活化增殖,增强其免疫活性,并可诱导靶细胞产生大量的细胞因子。重组转移因子是利用基因工程技术将编码具有免疫增强活性的转移因子基因,进行克隆和体外表达,表达产物经纯化制备而成,试验表明其具有增强细胞免疫活性的作用。转移因子和重组转移因子是一种具有免疫增强活性的新型高效安全的生物药品,在临床上用于疾病的防治,具有广阔的应用前景。     

细胞因子在奶牛乳房炎生物学防治中的应用

鉴于细胞因子对乳房免疫机能独特有效的操纵和调节,在奶牛乳房炎控制中具有一定独特优势,作者就细胞因子的生物学活性、作用机制和特点进行了综述,并重点对国内外应用奶牛重组细胞因子防治奶牛乳房炎进行了总结、分析,有望为控制奶牛乳房炎提供安全、有效、实用的生物学防治途径。     

高效液相色谱法测定复方非泼罗尼滴剂中抗氧剂的含量

建立高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定复方非泼罗尼滴剂中抗氧剂叔丁基对羟基茴香醚(BHA)与二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)含量。采用高效液相色谱法,色谱柱为Agilent Zorbax SB-C18(250×4.6 mm, 5μm),流动相A为乙腈-甲醇-水(47∶21∶32),混合前在水中加入1%冰醋酸,流动相B为乙腈,线性梯度洗脱;检测波长为285 nm;流速为0.9 mL/min;柱温为30℃;进样量为20μL;采用外标法计算BHA、BHT含量。在建立的色谱条件下,空白溶液、阴性样品对BHA、BHT的测定均无干扰;BHA、BHT的检测限分别为0.08μg/mL和0.19μg/mL,定量限分别为0.31μg/mL和0.77μg/mL,分别在5.13～15.39μg/mL与2.56～7.66μg/mL范围内线性关系良好;平均回收率分别为98.5%和99.9%(n=9)。所建立的方法简单易行、专属性强、准确度高、灵敏度好,可用于复方非泼罗尼滴剂中抗氧剂的含量测定。     

马乳脂肪球膜蛋白组鉴定及潜在功能分析

试验旨在研究马乳脂肪球膜（milk fat globule membrane,MFGM）蛋白组成及潜在的生物学功能。选取12匹5岁左右、平均体重为450~500 kg的健康纯血母马作为试验动物,主要饲喂干牧草,所有马匹饲养和管理条件均相同。将12份样品以每组4份进行混合,分离提取产后第60天马乳中MFGM蛋白,进行高分辨质谱仪鉴定和生物信息学分析。结果显示,马MFGM组分中共鉴定出310种表达蛋白,这些蛋白主要参与的生物过程为生物调节、刺激应答、定位、多细胞生物过程、运输、信号、细胞通讯、发育过程、细胞分化和免疫系统过程等;细胞成分主要为胞外区域、膜、囊泡、核仁和线粒体等;分子功能主要为催化活性、蛋白质结合、碳水化合物衍生物结合和小分子结合等。KEGG通路分析表明,MFGM蛋白主要参与血小板活化通路、内吞、脂肪酸生物合成和Ras信号通路等。马乳MFGM蛋白的蛋白质互作网络分析图中共包含215种蛋白质。本研究结果揭示了马乳MFGM蛋白质组的复杂性,为解析其营养和生物学功能提供了科学数据。