Egg production,fertility, hatchability and immune responses of some chicken strains under high ambient temperatures

This experiment was designed to investigate and compare the egg production, fertility, hatchability and immune responses of some local developed Egyptian chicken strains under high ambient temperatures. A total of 108 (26 weeks old) laying hens of Matrouh, Silver Montazah, Mandarah and Inshas (9 hens × 3 replicates × 4 strains) were used to evaluate the impact of thermal stress (24-34ºC) during summer season (June, July and August) on egg production, fertility, hatchability and immune responses. The obtained results revealed that final body weight (FBW/g) and body weight change (BWC/g) among different chicken strains were not affected. The daily feed consumption (FC/g) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) for Silver Montazah and Inshas strains were significantly (p ≤ .05) higher than those of Matrouh and Mandarah strains. The mean egg production (EP/%) and egg mass (EM) for Silver Montazah and Inshas strains were significantly (p ≤ .05) higher than those of Matrouh and Mandarah strains. The highest percentages of hatchability of total eggs (HTE) and fertile eggs (HFE) were recorded in Inshas chickens, while the lowest value was recorded in Mandarah chickens. Also, the highest embryonic mortalities (p ≤ .05) and lowest chick weight at hatch (CWH/g) were recorded in Mandarah chickens compared with the other strains. The highest values for antibody titres against phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) were recorded in Mandarah chickens, while the least values were recorded in Inshas chickens.     

中兽医药技术是猪只康养最佳供给体系

在我国养猪业面临产品安全和环境污染两大瓶颈的情势下,如何使所生产的猪肉食用卫生,所排粪污环境安全,纯天然、无污染、广效低毒、绿色环保的中兽医药学为破解这两大瓶颈提供了技术支撑。充分发挥我国传统的中兽医药技术的特色和优势,构建以中兽医药为主体的猪只康养技术供给体系,旨在集生产管理"适其天性"、所喂药料"无污染"、治疗药物"纯天然"、预防措施治"未病"、治疗方法"和谐调节"和四季保健"药饲同源"于一体的技术供给体系,从源头上破解这两大难题,从而实现猪只康养,环境安全,猪肉安康,凸显出中兽医药是猪只康养的最佳供给体系。     

Effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance,immune response and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets

The present study investigated the effects of Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance, immune response and intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets. Twenty-four weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 6.89 ± 0.15 kg were divided into four diets for 28 days. The treatments were basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate and 40 mg/kg bacitracin zinc, AT), probiotics (400 mg/kg Bacillus coagulans ≥5 × 109 CFU/g, BC) or yeast hydrolysate (5000 mg/kg yeast hydrolysate, YH). Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were improved by AT and YH diets (p < 0.05), while BC diet only increased ADG (p < 0.05). The complement 3 (C3), lysozyme (LZM) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations in serum were increased in BC diet (p < 0.05). Feeding AT and YH caused the increase of jejunal villus height (p < 0.05), and a higher ratio of villus height/crypt depth was observed in AT, BC and YH groups (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in jejunal mucosa was up-regulated by AT, BC and YH diets (p < 0.05). Dietary AT, BC or YH inclusion decreased the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentration and TNF-α mRNA expression (p < 0.05), and YH supplementation even down-regulated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14 expressions (p < 0.05). In summary, the dietary administration of BC or YH both improves growth performance through promoting the intestinal barrier function, indicating both of them can serve as potential alternatives to antibiotics growth promoters for the piglet production.     

生物酶法提取中草药活性成分研究进展

对酶提方法的原理、酶类选择依据、酶提工艺,以及酶提法应用现状进行了综述,旨在为同类研究提供技术参考。中草药具有广泛的应用前景和开发潜力,为提高中药疗效,方便临床用药,生产中常需要对中草药进行提取,然而传统的提取方法较为繁杂。随着科技进步,一些现代中药提取方法不断涌现。酶提方法是一种应用酶工程技术提取中药的现代中药提取方法,该方法具有高效、无毒、反应条件温和等优点,是一种发展潜力较大的中药提取方法。     

复合中草药添加剂对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

试验旨在研究不同剂量复合中草药添加剂对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响。选取84头(28±1)日龄、体重(8±0.5) kg的"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶母仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每个重复7头猪。试验1组饲喂基础日粮为对照组,试验2、3、4组分别添加2.0、2.5、3.0 g/kg的复合中草药添加剂。结果表明,试验3、4组仔猪平均日增重、平均日采食量显著高于试验1组(P<0.05);试验2、3、4组仔猪料重比、腹泻率显著低于试验1组(P<0.05)。试验3、4组仔猪的血清总蛋白、白蛋白含量显著高于试验1组(P<0.05);试验3、4仔猪血清尿素氮含量、谷丙转氨酶活性显著低于试验1组(P<0.05),试验4组仔猪血清碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性显著高于试验1组(P<0.05)。试验4组仔猪血清免疫球蛋白G (IgG)、免疫球蛋白A (IgA)、补体C3、补体C4含量显著高于试验1组(P<0.05)。研究表明,日粮添加3.0 g/kg的复合中草药添加剂能有效提高断奶仔猪生长性能、调节代谢水平、增强免疫功能。     

益生菌对锦鲤幼鱼生长性能及血液、肝脏和肠道组织中相关免疫基因表达的影响

为研究饲料中添加益生菌对锦鲤幼鱼生长性能和相关免疫基因表达的影响,以初始体重为248.13±4.71 g的锦鲤幼鱼为研究对象,在小型循环水养殖池进行60 d的养殖试验。对照组投喂无益生菌添加的普通商品饲料,试验组投喂在普通饲料中添加枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、丁酸梭菌(Clostridium butyricum)和粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)、枯草芽孢杆菌/丁酸梭菌/粪肠球菌(1∶1∶5)配制成的4组试验饲料,试验饲料的益生菌最终浓度为109 CFU/mL。结果表明,单一菌种或复合菌种的益生菌对锦鲤幼鱼的生长均有显著的促进作用(P<0.05),且对各组血液中酚氧化酶原(phenoloxidase activating system,proPO)、溶菌酶(lysozyme,LZM)和肝脏中抗菌肽(hepcidin)的相对表达量均显著上调(P<0.05),对各组肠道中GST相对表达量有所升高。与对照组相比,复合益生菌效果最好,增重率最高为38.13%,特定生长率提高25.58%,血液中proPO和LZM相对表达量分别升高3倍和2倍之多(P<0.05),肠道中谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(glutathione S-transferase,GST)相对表达量升高了32.45%(P<0.05),肝脏中Hepc相对表达量升高了76.82%(P<0.05)。试验结果提示,在饲料中添加单一/复合益生菌,均可有效提高锦鲤幼鱼的生长性能,以复合益生菌使用效果更好,且proPO、LZM、GST和Hepc免疫基因相对表达量在不同程度上均高于对照组,可见枯草芽孢杆菌、丁酸梭菌和粪肠球菌可以作为益生菌应用于锦鲤养殖。     

凉茶渣的黑曲霉发酵工艺和抗氧化活性研究

为促进凉茶渣在畜牧业中的资源化利用,本研究以黑曲霉为菌种固态发酵凉茶渣,首先在单因素试验条件下考察了时间、温度、含水量、浸泡液pH、氮源和碳源对凉茶渣降解率和产物pH的影响;再根据单因素试验结果和规模化生产实际需要,以4%硫酸铵为氮源,2%葡萄糖为碳源,以降解率为考察指标,通过正交试验优化发酵工艺;并通过检测超氧自由基清除率、羟基自由基清除率和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）自由基清除率,评价凉茶渣在最优工艺条件下发酵前后抗氧化活性的变化。结果发现,含水量为60%,浸泡液pH为9.0,31℃发酵168 h是凉茶渣的最佳发酵工艺参数。最佳工艺条件下凉茶渣的降解率为25.23%,发酵产物pH为4.53。当凉茶渣发酵前水提液浓度为24 mg/mL时,超氧自由基清除率为43.56%,羟基自由基清除率为47.06%,DPPH自由基清除率为90.71%;当最优条件下发酵产物水提液浓度24 mg/mL时,超氧自由基清除率为30.77%,羟基自由基清除率为95.63%,DPPH自由基清除率为87.36%。本试验结果表明,黑曲霉是适宜的凉茶渣发酵菌种,且凉茶渣经过黑曲霉发酵后具有良好的抗氧化活性。     

羊源D型多杀性巴氏杆菌感染小鼠脾脏转录组分析

试验旨在探索羊源D型多杀性巴氏杆菌入侵宿主脾脏组织中引发的免疫应答途径。首先利用羊源D型多杀性巴氏杆菌(HN01菌株)感染小鼠,建立羊源D型多杀性巴氏杆菌感染的动物模型;之后利用转录组测序技术获得感染小鼠与正常小鼠的脾脏转录组数据,并使用COG、KOG、eggNOG、GO、KEGG数据库对测序结果中的差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes,DEGs)进行功能注释与分析,同时对于显著富集到关键免疫通路的差异表达基因使用STRING软件和KEGG mapper进行蛋白互作分析,筛选出核心通路中起关键作用的基因;最后选取关键的10个基因进行实时荧光定量RT-PCR验证。转录组分析结果显示,与正常组相比,感染组中筛选出3 380个差异表达基因(P<0.01,log₂|FoldChange|≥0.5),其中1 691个基因上调,1 689个下调。基因功能富集分析结果表明,感染组脾脏中的差异表达基因主要发挥信号转导的功能,其主要参与的生物途径包括细胞因子与细胞因子受体互作通路、趋化因子信号通路、HIF-1信号通路、TNF信号通路。蛋白互作分析筛选出约28个核心差异表达基因,结合实时荧光定量RT-PCR验证后,其中9个基因的表达结果与测序一致,分别是C3、Cd4、Cxcl13、Lck、Gnai1、Grap2、IL-6、Cxcr6及Serping1基因。本研究初步证明了脾脏在抵抗多杀性巴氏杆菌入侵中参与了一系列免疫应答反应,为进一步研究羊源D型多杀性巴氏杆菌与宿主之间相互作用的分子机制奠定理论基础。     

Effect of the Immunity Efficacy of IBD Immune Complex Vaccine on ND La Sota Vaccine

1-day-old SPF chickens and commercial Jingfen chickens were vaccinated with IBD immune complex(IC) vaccine, NDV La Sota vaccine were inoculated simultaneously every one week and every two weeks.NDV La Sota immunization alone was as the control group.At the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th week post inoculation, blood samples were taken and the ND HI antibody were tested.Experimental chickens were challenged with high virulent NDV at the 5th week post inoculation, the protective rate of each group was calculated.The results showed the ND HI antibody were not significant different in the combined immunization of IBD IC vaccine priming and NDV La Sota vaccine boost and NDV La Sota vaccine alone immunization (P>0.05).The results indicated that IBD IC vaccine has no immunosuppression on NDV La Sota vaccine in SPF chickens and commercial Jingfen chickens.     

Research Lactobacillus rhamnosusFermented Herbal and Bacillus subtilis Complex on Immune Performance,E.coli Infection of Broiler

This experiment was designed to study the complex of Lactobacillus rhamnosus fermented herbal and Bacillus subtilis on White Feather broiler immunity performance and impact of Escherichia coli infection.360 one-day-old broiler chickens were randomly divided into 3 groups with 4 replicates in each group and 30 chickens per replicate.The pretrial period lasted for 7 d,and the experiment lasted for 35 d.The chickens in the group Ⅰ(positive control group) and group Ⅱ(negative control group)were all only fed a basal diet,group Ⅲ was test group,by additive 1% fermented herbal preparations,groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were intraperitoneal injection of 1 mL E.coli at 35 d,broiler mortality,immune organ index,cecalmicroflora content,immunoglobulin levels,IL-2 and IL-6 content were tested.The results showed that injection of E.coli caused massive death of chickens,group Ⅱtook up to 75.00%,it was significantly higher than groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ (P < 0.05),the mortality in group Ⅲ was significantly lower than group Ⅱ(P < 0.05),was only 23.33%.Injection of E.coli maked spleen index and thymus index of group Ⅱincreased significantly (P < 0.05),the spleen index and thymus index of groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ were no significant difference (P > 0.05).E.coli counts was significantly decreased after injectionin group Ⅲ (P < 0.05),but the number of intestinal Lactobacilli of group Ⅲ was significantly increased (P < 0.05),and inhibited the propagation of E.coli,the counts of E.coli in groups Ⅰ and Ⅲ were no significant difference (P > 0.05).At 42 d,the sIgA of the intestinal fluid in group Ⅲ were higher than that of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ with 11.99% and 36.56%,respectively(P < 0.05).The serum IgG concentrations of group Ⅲ was higher than that of groupsⅠand Ⅱwith 14.68% and 28.15%,respectively(P < 0.05).At 42 d,the IL-2 content of group Ⅱ was the lowest,it was significantly lower than group Ⅲ(P < 0.05),the IL-6 of group Ⅲ was significantly lower than group Ⅱ(P < 0.05).