鸭坦布苏病毒病的研究进展

鸭坦布苏病毒（Duck Tembusu Virus,DTMUV）病自2010年开始在我国流行,该病能引起蛋鸭产蛋率骤降、肉鸭发育迟缓甚至死亡,给我国养鸭业造成了巨大的经济损失。自该病暴发以来,DTMUV迅速蔓延至我国大部分鸭养殖地区以及临近的东南亚地区。DTMUV宿主范围广泛,除了感染鸭、鹅等水禽和鸡、麻雀等其他禽类外,也可以感染哺乳动物,具有潜在的公共卫生安全风险。近年来研究人员在DTMUV相关的流行病学、与宿主的相互作用机理以及疫苗研制等方面取得了一些进展。综述了DTMUV病原学、流行特点、病毒感染引起的天然免疫反应以及疫苗研制等方面的研究进展,以期为未来DTMUV的深入研究及该病的综合防控提供借鉴。     

动物源性食品中泰乐菌素残留ELISA试剂盒的研制

采用杂交瘤技术,筛选并克隆出能够稳定分泌抗泰乐菌素（TYL）单抗的杂交瘤细胞株,免疫BALB／c小白鼠制备抗泰乐菌素单克隆抗体,建立泰乐菌素竞争ELISA检测试剂盒。结果表明,logit／log拟合标准曲线为y=-1．84x＋2．02,相关系数r=0．9944,线性检测范围为1．5～121．5ug／L,半数抑制浓度（IC50）为10.3ug／L,灵敏度为1．5ug／L,检测限为1．5～3．0ug／L;肌肉、肝脏、蜂蜜的添加回收率分别为64％～99％、61％～102％、60．5％～95％;平均批内和批间变异系数均小于10％;泰乐菌素与替米卡星（TIL）的交叉反应为40％,与其他类抗生素无交叉反应;此泰乐菌素试剂盒在4℃可保存6个月以上。本文建立的竞争ELISA检测方法可用于动物源性食品中泰乐菌素残留的定量检测。     

Effects of fish meal replacement with low-gossypol cottonseed meal on the intestinal barrier of juvenile golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus)

The effects of replacing fish meal (FM) with low-gossypol cottonseed meal (LCSM) on the intestinal barrier in different segments (PI, proximal intestine; MI, middle intestine; DI, distal intestine) were studied in juvenile golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) using 6-week feeding trials. FM of 0% (diet_1), 20% (diet_2), 40% (diet_3) and 60% (diet_4) was replaced by LCSM. The FM-based diet (diet_1) containing 25% FM was used as control group. The intestinal morphology, mRNA expression of tight junction-related genes (ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-12), antioxidant enzyme-related genes (CAT, GPx, GR, CuZnSOD) and non-specific immune response-related genes (IL-8, TNF-α, C4) and microbiota of different intestine segments were detected. The results showed that the number and length of microvilli and intestinal wall thickness decreased significantly in PI of diet_3 and diet_4 groups. Meanwhile, mRNA expression of Occludin, Clauding-12 and C4 was up-regulated in PI and DI of diet_3 group; the expression of GR and CuZnSOD was up-regulated in PI and MI with increasing LCSM replacement; the expression of TNF-α was up-regulated in the three segments of diet_3 group. Further, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed a significant reduction in the richness and diversity of intestinal microbial in diet_3 and diet_4 groups. At the family level and genera level, the abundance of Nocardiaceae and Rhodococcus was up-regulated in the three segments of diet_3 and diet_4 groups respectively. These results suggested that the replacement of LCSM by more than 20% causes the intestinal barrier function of juvenile golden pompano to be affected. These provide a reference for sustainable aquaculture.     

miRNA 对水稻非生物胁迫的应答

MicroRNA(miRNA)是一类小的非编码RNA,它主要通过对转录后水平靶mRNA的切割以及抑制mRNA的翻译调控基因表达,参与植物的生长发育和胁迫应答等多种生物学过程.综述了miRNA的发生和调控机制,重点介绍了miRNA对水稻非生物胁迫应答的研究进展,并对研究过程中存在的问题进行讨论,为更好地了解miRNA及其靶基因在提高水稻产量和抗逆方面的作用,进一步解析miRNA在水稻中的调控机制提供参考.     

渡槽结构抗震计算时程分析方法

为了找出一种更加简便的渡槽结构抗震计算的时程分析方法，应用解析方法分析渡槽中流体对结构的作用，应用有限元法分析结构的振动，基于流体-结构的耦合，建立起耦联系统总的运动方程，由Newmark直接积分法可得到系统的地震反应历程。     

A six year study of earthworm (Lumbricidae) populations in pasture woodland in southern England shows their responses to soil temperature and soil moisture

There are very few studies on the effects of temporal changes in soil properties on ecosystem engineers in UK soils. This study addresses this lack by presenting earthworm diversity data from a six-year seasonality study comprising 72 monthly samples from the litter and soil of pasture woodland in the New Forest, southern England. These data were analysed in the context of soil moisture and soil temperature, key factors affecting earthworm abundance, and factors likely to be strongly affected by future climate change. The data for the whole period were analysed using non-parametric regression and an additive model used to separate within-year and between-year effects. Seasonal patterns are present for all the common species, generally with a maximum in March and a minimum in September. A majority of the five commonest species show a strong decline in abundance during the two extremely dry periods (2002–2003 and 2006). In sharp contrast, the same species showed a relative increase during the very wet summer and autumn of 2007. There was, however, no significant overall trend in either the climate data or the earthworm species data. The epigeic species, Dendrobaena octaedra, showed the largest decline in the driest months which caused a crash to the point where there were no adults sampled during the four dry summer months of 2003. A second congeneric species, Dendrobaena attemsi, also epigeic, appears to have invaded the woodland during the six year period and is increasing rapidly in abundance. This may indicate the start of a shift in the distribution of the two species, as D. octaedra generally has a northern European distribution and is frost-tolerant, while D. attemsi has a southern European distribution and is more drought-tolerant. In contrast, the very wet summer of 2007 seems to have damped the usual periodic seasonal oscillations in earthworm numbers. Endogeic worm species do not show the D. octaedra seasonal pattern as obviously, probably because these species are able to move more freely through the soil and because they are able to aestivate. These changes are likely to be due to a combination of human movement of earthworms (e.g. D. attemsi) and variations in local climate.     

Effects of Dietary Brown Rice on the Growth Performance,Systemic Oxidative Status,and Splenic Inflammatory Responses of Broiler Chickens under Chronic Heat Stress

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary brown rice on the growth performance, systemic oxidative status, and splenic inflammatory responses of broiler chickens under both thermo-neutral and chronic heat stress conditions. Forty 12-day-old male broiler chickens (ROSS 308) were randomly assigned to two groups and fed either a control diet (corn-based) or a brown rice-based diet. After seven days (19 days old), both groups were randomly divided into two sub-groups (n=10), one of which was exposed to heat stress (33°C for 14 days), while the other was maintained at 24°C. Heat exposure reduced the body weight gain and feed intake (p<0.01) of both groups. In terms of oxidative plasma states, heat exposure reduced the glutathione peroxidase activity and increased the ceruloplasmin content, while the 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and reduced glutathione levels were not affected adversely. Heat exposure activated the immune responses, as evidenced by increased plasma immunoglobin levels, and altered splenic immune-related gene expressions including heat shock proteins, toll-like receptor 4, and interleukin-12. Under both thermo-neutral and heat stress conditions, dietary brown rice improved the growth performance, decreased the immunoglobulin levels, and down-regulated the expression of splenic immune-related genes of broilers, although their systemic oxidative status was not affected. Dietary brown rice should be considered as a valuable component of broiler chicken feeds subjected to both thermo-neutral and heat stress conditions. The positive effects of brown rice on bird performance may be associated with the modulation of the immune responses, as reflected by the decreased production of immunoglobulins and altered splenic immune-related gene expression.     

高氯土壤条件下烤烟对 Cl– 通道抑制剂的生理响应

【目的】在我国部分烟区,土壤氯离子含量高是造成烟叶氯离子含量高的一个主要因素,困扰着当地优质烟草的生产。研究氯离子通道抑制剂对烤烟成熟期叶片生理指标的影响,可为生产中合理降氯提供一定的参考。 【方法】2015 年在河南科技大学采用盆栽土培试验,设置四个处理,分别为 200 μmol/L NFA、200 μmol/L 9-AC、200 μmol/L Zn2+ 和蒸馏水,土壤含氯量为 50 mg/kg。于移栽后 30、45、60、75 d 灌根,每个处理每次每盆灌 1 L,连灌 3 天。测定了成熟期烤烟中部功能叶片中的CLC-Nt2 基因表达强度、光合色素含量、叶绿素荧光参数、相关元素积累量以及烟株生物量。 【结果】1) 与对照相比,施用抑制剂 Zn2+、NFA、9-AC 的烟株叶片中CLC-Nt2 的表达量显著降低,分别为对照的 82.22%、75.39%、72.19%,但 3 组抑制剂处理之间无显著差异。2) Zn2+、NFA、9-AC 处理的叶片叶绿素总含量较对照分别增加 20.15%、29.10%、45.52%,差异达到显著水平。同时,经不同抑制剂处理的叶片叶绿素荧光特性也表现出不同程度的增加,表明抑制剂可以减缓氯含量对烤烟 PSⅡ光合机构的伤害。3) 抑制剂对烤烟叶片中 Cl–、K+、NO₃– 的积累有明显影响。与对照相比,抑制剂处理的 3 组叶片中 Cl– 含量显著降低,降幅在 18.17%～33.48%;K+ 含量和 NO₃– 含量明显提高,增幅分别为 5.28%～10.20% 和 12.19%～25.24%,其中以 9-AC 处理的效果最佳。4) 抑制剂对烤烟生物量的合成有促进作用。与对照相比,施用抑制剂后烟株叶、茎、总干重显著提高,增幅分别为 17.02%～32.45%、10.54%～20.66% 和 13.21%～25.50%;而根干重增加幅度较小,仅为 5.94%～11.43%,根冠比显著降低。抑制剂的作用效果表现为 9-AC > NFA > Zn2+ > CK。 【结论】当植烟土壤中氯离子含量较高时,外施氯离子通道抑制剂能够对烤烟植株生长及体内一系列生理活动产生积极作用,在一定程度上缓解了氯害对烟草的不利影响。在本试验条件下,施用 200 μmol/L 9-AC 的烟株整体表现最优,而施用 200 μmol/L Zn2+ 的处理在基本满足降低叶片氯离子含量的同时降低了生产成本,这为生产中合理降氯提供了一定的参考。     

柠檬薄荷对干旱胁迫的形态和生理响应

以1a生柠檬薄荷盆栽苗为材料,采用盆栽控水法人工模拟水分条件,设土壤相对含水量分别为75%~85%(CK)、60%~65%(轻度胁迫)、40%~50%(中度胁迫)、25%~35%(重度胁迫)4个水分梯度进行干旱胁迫试验,胁迫处理时间为21d,研究干旱胁迫对柠檬薄荷幼苗不同部位生理生化指标的影响,以期揭示柠檬薄荷对干旱胁迫的适应机制。结果表明:随着水分胁迫程度的增加及胁迫时间的延长,柠檬薄荷的单叶面积、株高增量和叶片相对含水量均呈下降趋势;根冠比和丙二醛(MDA)质量摩尔浓度随胁迫程度的加剧而增大;叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量、类胡萝卜素、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸质量分数以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性随胁迫程度的增加和时间的延长均呈相似的变化规律,表现为先上升或下降的趋势,在胁迫第14天时均达到最大值。且地下部分对干旱胁迫的生理响应较地上部分敏感。     

基于专利分析的玫瑰产业发展研究

玫瑰作为一种农作物,其花朵主要用于食品及提炼香精玫瑰油,玫瑰油应用于化妆品、食品、精细化工等工业,可以为一个国家和地区带来巨大的经济收益。中国具有悠久的玫瑰栽培历史,种植地域广泛,主要种植地区包括甘肃、山东以及云南等地。近年来我国玫瑰产业不断发展,逐渐成为我国特色农业产业之一,本文通过专利分析的手段系统全面的比较我国三大玫瑰主产区玫瑰产业专利的竞争态势,以期了解我国玫瑰产业的发展和技术创新现状,从而为我国玫瑰产业的未来发展提供借鉴和建议,助力我国玫瑰产业健康高质量发展。