Characterization of Lay Phase in Three Genetic Types of Heavy Broilers Breeder in Tropical Conditions

The objective of the present work is characterizing some parameters in the lay phase in the lines of heavy broilers breeder Cobb Avian 48, Arbor Acres Plus and Ross 208, reared under the same commercial conditions in the tropics. Monitored three batches of approximately 18,000 females each （one for each genetic type）, from weeks 24 to 64, according to the conditions of handling and power described by the generic lines distribution companies. Although no differences were found for feed intake, Cobb Avian was presented a lower rate of feed conversion, being also that presented the highest percentage of implementation and production of incubables eggs, which meant that it was in line with the highest cumulative production of chickens by bird and week for tropical conditions studied. To adjust the lay data to a Gorssman model, in order to predict the parameters that characterize the lay modeling, estimated the best behavior for Cobb Avian 48 females, because while it takes more time to reach the level of putting constant （5.30 weeks） and maintain it for less time （2.4 weeks）, they manage to put constant high （79.11%） level, considering that the largest number of eggs per bird （171.19 vs. 164.54 and 160.11 in Arbor Acres and Ross 208, respectively）.     

三品系西方蜜蜂基因组DNA多态性分析研究（二）

采用９种随机引物（Ｋ,５’－ＣＧＧＣＣＣＣＴＧＴ－３’;５’－ＣＡＧＣＧＧＴＡＣＣ－３’;５’－ＡＣＣＡＧＧＴＴＧＧ－３’,５’－ＧＴＣＧＧＡＡＴＴＣ－３’;５’－ＣＧＧＣＣＣＣＧＧＴ－３’;Ｘ,５’－ＧＴＡＧＴＣＡＣＡＣ－３’;Ｙ,５’－ＣＴＧＣＡＧＧＡＣＡ－３’;Ｚ,５’－ＣＧＧＣＣＣＧＧＴＡ－３’）和ＰＣＲ技术扩增不同产蜜量的三品系西峰（喀尼阿兰、平湖、美意的ＤＮＡ基因组。结果Ｋ引物在高产蜜     

中国四省( 区) 葡萄根围剑线虫种类的调查

 从中国4 个省( 区) 采集的36 个品种( 株系) 230 份葡萄根围土样中查见了4种剑线虫, 经鉴定分别为Xip hinema americanum、X . insigne、X. hunaniese 和X . elongatum, 其中X . elongatum 在葡萄上为首次发现。对4 种剑线虫的地理分布和寄主品种进行了记述与讨论。     

PB-700微机在三项作业设计中的应用

本文说明了PB-700微机在三项作业设计中的处理基础、输出结果及其应用,分析了其处理效果:其速度是珠算的1536倍;是计算器的1029倍。     

大蒜线虫蔬菜寄主调查

通过对５种大蒜线虫即洋葱茎线虫、甘薯茎线虫、马铃铃薯线虫、根腐线虫、肾形线虫在多种蔬菜上的接种试验，弄清了其蔬菜寄主范围。从而得出结论：在大蒜栽培中通过大蒜与其它蔬菜之间轮作或不同蔬菜轮作防治大蒜线虫是不可行的，只能药剂和生物防治。     

大围山微型鸡与科宝肉鸡免疫球蛋白含量及CATH-2基因表达差异研究

试验以相同条件下饲养的4、8、12周龄的大围山微型鸡和科宝肉鸡为研究对象,分别测定其免疫球蛋白含量(IgA、IgG、IgM)及胸肌、肝脏、小肠中的CATH-2 mRNA表达量,比较二者之间的差异。结果显示:大围山微型鸡血液中免疫球蛋白含量总体上低于科宝肉鸡,两个鸡种随着日龄的增加IgA、IgG含量均呈现先下降后上升趋势,IgM含量呈现下降趋势,且两个试验鸡种在4周龄时IgA、IgM、IgG含量均不同程度的高于8、12周龄。CATH-2 mRNA表达量在两个鸡种间存在差异,大围山微型鸡胸肌和肝脏中CATH-2 mRNA表达量均低于科宝肉鸡,而小肠中CATH-2 mRNA表达量显著高于科宝肉鸡。结果表明:在相同饲养条件下,大围山微型鸡免疫机能强于科宝肉鸡,具有潜在的较强的抗感染能力。     

Compound Cordyceps TCM-700C exhibits potent hepatoprotective capability in animal model

A herbal preparation “Compound Codyceps-TCM-700C (CC-700C)” was tested for hepatoprotective effect against the carbon tetrachloride induced liver damages in Sprague-Dawley rat model for a period of 6-weeks. Two dosage levels of CC-700C, respectively 286.2 mg/kg-bw (L-TCM) and 2862 mg/kg-bw (H-TCM), and a positive control Silymarin (Sigma) were used to compare their therapeutic effect. Both CC-700C's and Silymarin showed nontoxic in nature, as evidenced by body weight gain, organ weights and appearance including liver, spleen, and kidney. The activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine-aminotransferase (ALT) were more effectively suppressed by CC-700C than Silymarin. In addition, all levels of serum bilirubin, serum albumin, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), platelet count (PLT), and prothombin time (PT) except TG were shown effectively restored to normal values by CC-700C and Silymarin. Moreover, although levels of glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GSH-Rd), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were equally maintained by these three preparations, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) was suppressed only by H-TCM, and SOD only by Silymarin. In contrast, the activity of catalase efficiently recovered to control level on administration of CC-700C, being far better than Silymarin. Finally the liver collagen content, an indication of fibrosis, was also significantly suppressed by CC-700C, better effect was by L-TCM, but both levels were superior to Silymarin. Conclusively, the herbal preparation “Compound Cordyceps TCM-700C” is a potent hepatoprotective preparation. For therapeutic use, a dosage of 286.2 mg/kg-bw would be sufficiently effective.     

Performance and Haematological Characteristics of Broiler Finisher FedMoringa oleifera Leaf Meal Diets

To investigate the effects ofMoringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) on the performance and haematology of broiler finisher using 120 Cobb chicks of 4 weeks old broiler chicks. The birds were assigned randomly into four dietary treatments containing MOLM at 0, 6%, 8%, and 10% (treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4) inclusion levels, respectively, in a complete randomized design experiment. The effect of the dietary treatments on the growth performance and blood parameters of the broiler finisher was determined. MOLM at a rate of 6% (T2), 8% (T3), and 10% (T4) of the diets (as fed basis) to replace 3.2%, 5.6% and 8.6% of the crude protein (CP) of the control diet. The daily feed, dry matter and CP intake of the chicks fed MOLM diets were higher (p<0.05) than those fed the control diet. Average weight gain (AWG) of birds fed MOLM diets reduced as inclusion levels increases (p<0.05) than those fed the control diet. Chicks fed T2 showed higher (p<0.05) AWG than those on T3 and T4. Feed conversion ratios (FCR, weight gain/g and feed intake) were higher for chicks fed MOLM. MOLM showed minimal deleterious effects in birds. However, birds fed T2 (6%) diets recorded significantly (p<0.05) the highest body weight gain. There were significant differences (p<0.05) among groups in packed cell volume (PVC) of birds. The haemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) counts showed no significant difference (p>0.05) among treatments. The results indicated that at 10% in the diets of broiler finisher chick, MOLM could be substituted with expensive conventional protein sources without any deleterious effects on performance and blood parameters of broiler finisher chicken.     

不同品种和饲养环境下鸡肉的营养和风味比较

为研究地方土鸡和商品肉鸡的营养和风味品质差异,以平原散养的固始鸡、高原散养的红拉山鸡和商业笼养的科宝肉鸡为研究对象,对其腿肌的营养组分、氨基酸组成、脂肪酸组成、挥发性风味物质等指标进行系统比较分析。结果显示：不同品种鸡肉的营养品质和风味特征不尽相同。固始鸡肉的脂肪含量和单不饱和脂肪酸含量分别为16.13 g/100 g和55.59 mg/g,显著高于其他2个品种（P<0.05）;红拉山鸡肉的总糖含量为0.97 g/100 g(P<0.05),必需氨基酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量居中,分别为29.97 g/100 g和35.91 mg/g;科宝肉鸡含有83.91 g/100 g蛋白质、31.94 g/100 g必需氨基酸、42.76 mg/g多不饱和脂肪酸,显著高于其他2个品种（P<0.05）;固始鸡、红拉山鸡和科宝肉鸡中低阈值的醛类物质相对含量分别为40.08%、49.09%和36.46%。结果表明,固始鸡和红拉山鸡具有较好的风味特性,而科宝肉鸡的营养品质较好。