北京市空气污染物对过敏性鼻炎的影响研究

 以2009年3月19日至2010年3月18日间北京医院耳鼻喉—头颈外科的过敏性鼻炎（AR）门诊就诊病人观测为基础,结合北京市空气质量,探讨空气质量与AR的关系。结果表明, AR患者的人数均随年龄的增长呈现先增加后减少的趋势,以中青年龄段（21～50岁）人数最多。春、秋季是过敏性鼻炎的易发时期,夏、冬季发病率相对较低。AR日就诊人数的时间变化趋势与空气中PM10,SO2,NO2的浓度变化具有一定的时间对应性,在观测的上半期内尤为明显,表明在短期内空气中PM10,SO2,NO2浓度的增加会直接影响AR的发生与症状加重,并导致就诊人数增加     

厦门市2001-2002年PM10浓度时间序列变化分析

在厦门市环境大气污染物中，PM10是其首要的大气污染物。厦门市大气中的日PM10浓度受天气和气候以及土地利用类型、地表植被覆盖度等诸多因素的共同影响而呈现出一定的周期性，应用时间序列方法对厦门市2001～2002年的PM10浓度进行周期性和趋势性的分析，揭示了厦门市大气环境中PM10浓随时间变化的周期性规律。同时讨论了部分气候因素对PM10浓度年内变化的影响。     

中成药六味地黄丸粉辐照杀菌工艺研究

采用静态堆码方式对中药六味地黄丸粉进行辐照杀菌研究。结果表明,在垂直于辐照源轴线方向不同距离处的药品堆积厚度与辐照剂量率之间呈显著负相关（ ｐ＜ ００１） ,相关系数 ｒ ＝ － ０９９４７ 。辐照工艺技术的改变会不同程度地影响杀菌效果,提高产品总体吸收剂量均匀度,是保证杀菌效果的主要因素。六味地黄丸粉中杂菌的 Ｄ１０ 值为２１７ｋ Ｇｙ 。经１００ ｋ Ｇｙ 剂量辐照后的六味地黄丸粉,没有发生质量改变,其主要药效成分含量没有变化。     

植物提取物辐照杀菌工艺研究

检测了几种植物提取物中污染微生物的种类和数量 ,研究了当归提取物中污染微生物的D10 值 ,得出植物提取物辐照杀菌工艺的最低有效剂量为 4 0kGy,最高耐受剂量为 8 0kGy。     

Fungal growth on a common wood substrate across a tropical elevation gradient: Temperature sensitivity, community composition, and potential for above-ground decomposition

Fungal breakdown of plant material rich in lignin and cellulose (i.e. lignocellulose) is of central importance to terrestrial carbon (C) cycling due to the abundance of lignocellulose above and below-ground. Fungal growth on lignocellulose is particularly influential in tropical forests, as woody debris and plant litter contain between 50% and 75% lignocellulose by weight, and can account for 20% of the C stored in these ecosystems. In this study, we evaluated factors affecting fungal growth on a common wood substrate along a wet tropical elevation gradient in the Peruvian Andes. We had three objectives: 1) to determine the temperature sensitivity of fungal growth - i.e. Q₁₀, the factor by which fungal biomass increases given a 10 °C temperature increase; 2) to assess the potential for above-ground fungal colonization and growth on lignocellulose in a wet tropical forest; and 3) to characterize the community composition of fungal wood decomposers across the elevation gradient. We found that fungal growth had a Q₁₀ of 3.93 (95% CI of 2.76-5.61), indicating that fungal biomass accumulation on the wood substrate nearly quadrupled with a 10 °C increase in temperature. The Q₁₀ for fungal growth on wood at our site is higher than Q₁₀ values reported for litter decomposition in other tropical forests. Moreover, we found that above-ground fungal growth on the wood substrate ranged between 37% and 50% of that measured in the soil, suggesting above-ground breakdown of lignocellulose represents an unexplored component of the C cycle in wet tropical forests. Fungal community composition also changed significantly along the elevation gradient, and Ascomycota were the dominant wood decomposers at all elevations. Fungal richness did not change significantly with elevation, directly contrasting with diversity patterns observed for plant and animal taxa across this gradient. Significant variation in fungal community composition across the gradient suggests that the characteristics of fungal decomposer communities are, directly or indirectly, influenced by temperature.     

锡林河流域积雪时空特征及其对径流的影响

寒旱区草原流域地表水资源极为匮乏,融雪径流是寒旱区草原流域重要的水源,冰雪融化对河川径流有着十分显著的影响。利用锡林河流域水文站2000—2013年逐日径流数据、锡林浩特气象站2000—2015年逐日平均气温、降雨、雪深数据及MOD10A2积雪产品数据,分析了锡林河流域积雪面积、雪深年际变化特征,气象因子与积雪面积、雪深之间的相关性,以及径流的影响因素。结果表明:研究区积雪面积、雪深年内变化呈单峰型,冬季积雪面积、雪深均达到最大值,春秋次之,夏季最小。在年际变化上,积雪面积、雪深总体呈现增加趋势,其中冬季的积雪面积呈显著性增加。通过研究区气象因子与积雪的相关性表明,在积雪期,气温、风速和日照时数是影响雪深和积雪面积的主要因素,而在融雪期,气温与降水是影响雪深和积雪面积的主要因素。对径流影响因素的分析可得,气温对径流的影响最大,并且积雪面积、雪深与径流之间也存在很强的相关性,说明积雪的变化也会对径流产生影响。研究积雪动态变化及其对径流的影响对寒旱区草原流域水资源管理、农牧业发展和灾害防御具有重要的现实意义。     

Effects of warming, wetting and nitrogen addition on substrate-induced respiration and temperature sensitivity of heterotrophic respiration in a temperate forest soil

Soil heterotrophic respiration and its temperature sensitivity are affected by various climatic and environmental factors.However,little is known about the combined effects of concurrent climatic and environmental changes,such as climatic warming,changing precipitation regimes,and increasing nitrogen(N)deposition.Therefore,in this study,we investigated the individual and combined effects of warming,wetting,and N addition on soil heterotrophic respiration and temperature sensitivity.We incubated soils collected from a temperate forest in South Korea for 60 d at two temperature levels(15 and 20℃,representing the annual mean temperature of the study site and 5℃warming,respectively),three moisture levels(10%,28%,and 50%water-filled pore space(WFPS),representing dry,moist,and wet conditions,respectively),and two N levels(without N and with N addition equivalent to 50 kg N ha^-1year^-1).On day 30,soils were distributed across five different temperatures(10,15,20,25,and 30℃)for 24 h to determine short-term changes in temperature sensitivity(Q₁₀,change in respiration with 10℃increase in temperature)of soil heterotrophic respiration.After completing the incubation on day 60,we measured substrate-induced respiration(SIR)by adding six labile substrates to the three types of treatments.Wetting treatment(increase from 28%to 50%WFPS)reduced SIR by 40.8%(3.77 to 2.23μg CO₂-C g^-1h^-1),but warming(increase from 15 to 20℃)and N addition increased SIR by 47.7%(3.77 to 5.57μg CO₂-C g^-1h^-1)and 42.0%(3.77 to 5.35μg CO₂-C g^-1h^-1),respectively.A combination of any two treatments did not affect SIR,but the combination of three treatments reduced SIR by 42.4%(3.70 to 2.20μg CO₂-C g^-1h^-1).Wetting treatment increased Q₁₀by 25.0%(2.4 to 3.0).However,warming and N addition reduced Q₁₀by 37.5%(2.4 to 1.5)and 16.7%(2.4 to 2.0),respectively.Warming coupled with wetting did not significantly change Q₁₀,while warming coupled with N addition reduced Q₁₀by 33.3%(2.4 to 1.6).The combination of three treatments increased Q₁₀by 12.5%(2.4 to 2.7).Our results demonstrated that among the three factors,soil moisture is the most important one controlling SIR and Q₁₀.The results suggest that the effect of warming on SIR and Q₁₀can be modified significantly by rainfall variability and elevated N availability.Therefore,this study emphasizes that concurrent climatic and environmental changes,such as increasing rainfall variability and N deposition,should be considered when predicting changes induced by warming in soil respiration and its temperature sensitivity.     

几种有机物对烟草细胞辅酶Q10形成的影响

采用细胞悬浮培养的方法,以烟草红花大金元细胞为材料,研究了几种有机营养物质辅酶Ｑ１０（Ｃｏ１０）合成前体物质及Ｃｏ＾６０－γ射线对烟草悬浮培养细胞生长和辅酶Ｑ１０形成的影响。实验证明,肌醇,酵母膏,盐酸硫胺素对烟草悬浮培养生长和ＣｏＱ１０含量都有一定的影响。     

基于TM数据的MODIS雪盖产品精度分析

采用玛纳斯河流域2003年1月1日EOS/MODIS八日合成的雪盖数据和2003年1月4日TM雪盖图进行对比分析,通过TM数据的验证,MOD10A2的精度为95%,精度较高,MOD10A2对积雪进行监测可有效降低云层对遥感影像的影响,在一段时间内可有效对地面实施监测。     

Hmgn3和Hoxa10对小鼠子宫基质细胞蜕膜化过程中Foxo1表达的调控

利用小鼠子宫基质细胞体外诱导蜕膜化模型转染Hmgn3或Hoxa10过表达载体及siRNA片段,通过荧光定量PCR方法检测Hmgn3和Hoxa10对Foxo1表达的调控。结果显示:转染Hmgn3或Hoxa10过表达载体可促进Foxo1在子宫基质细胞蜕膜化过程中的表达,而转染Hmgn3或Hoxa10siRNA则可抑制Foxo1的表达。在小鼠子宫基质细胞中转染Hmgn3或Hoxa10siRNA后再添加孕酮,Foxo1的表达显著下降。同样,干扰Hmgn3或Hoxa10也可减低cAMP对Foxo1表达的调控。结果表明:Hmgn3和Hoxa10可通过Foxo1来影响小鼠子宫基质细胞的蜕膜化,孕酮和cAMP可通过Hmgn3和Hoxa10来调控Foxo1在子宫基质细胞中的表达。