产气荚膜梭菌多重PCR定型方法的建立及其应用

建立了多重PCR检测产气荚膜梭菌α、β、ε和ι毒素基因的方法。该方法具有良好的特异性和敏感性,只有产气荚膜梭菌呈现阳性,被检验的其他梭菌以及大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌均为阴性;将肉汤菌液样品10倍系列稀释后进行检测,检测灵敏度达到1.2×104CFU/mL。收集40份牛粪便样品,进行PCR检测,32份样品中成功扩增出589 bp的α毒素基因片段,阳性率为80%。结果显示,建立的多重PCR检测方法可取代血清中和试验,用于产气荚膜梭菌分型,同时表明A型产气荚膜梭菌在当地奶牛场中较为普遍。     

Effect of Vaccination Against Coccidiosis in Combination with an Antibacterial Oregano (Origanum vulgare) Compound in Organic Broiler Production

Effects on production and health in broilers vaccinated against coccidiosis (Paracox®, Schering-Plough Animal Health) in combination with an antibacterial organic compound (Orego-Stim®, Meriden Animal Health Ltd.) were investigated. To obtain an environment and infection level similar to practical conditions, experimental floor pens were set up in a commercial broiler chicken house. Orego-Stim® supplement increased live weight and feed intake up to 48 days of age, whilst feed conversion ratio was not significantly affected. Vaccinated birds had a significantly higher live weight between 34 and 48 days, compared to non-vaccinated, but vaccination did not significantly affect feed intake or feed conversion ratio. Coccidial numbers in the litter were low, and only minor intestinal lesions were found. There were no significant differences in lesion scores between the different treatments. Orego-Stim® supplement decreased caecal numbers of Clostridium perfringens at 31 days, but not at 52 days, and numbers were not affected at all by anticoccidial vaccination. Bird health was overall good. The results indicate that vaccination against coccidiosis in combination with an in-feed antibacterial compound may be an alternative control method for intestinal health in organically produced chickens.     

Clostridium difficile in faeces from healthy dogs and dogs with diarrhea

Background

This study was conducted to evaluate the faecal occurrence and characterization of Clostridium difficile in clinically healthy dogs (N = 50) and in dogs with diarrhea (N = 20) in the Stockholm-Uppsala region of Sweden.

Findings

Clostridium difficile was isolated from 2/50 healthy dogs and from 2/20 diarrheic dogs. Isolates from healthy dogs were negative for toxin A and B and for the tcdA and tcdB genes. Both isolates from diarrheic dogs were positive for toxin B and for the tcdA and tcdB genes. The C. difficile isolates from healthy dogs had PCR ribotype 009 (SE-type 6) and 010 (SE-type 3) whereas both isolates from dogs with diarrhoea had the toxigenic ribotype 014 (SE-type 21). One of the isolates from healthy dogs was initially resistant to metronidazole.

Conclusions

This study revealed presence of toxigenic C. difficile in faecal samples of diarrheic dogs and low number of non- toxigenic isolates in healthy dogs from Uppsala-Stockholm region in Sweden. However, more comprehensive studies are warranted to investigate the role of C. difficile in gastrointestinal disease in dogs.     

产气荚膜梭菌β毒素抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立

【目的】建立产气荚膜梭菌β毒素抗体间接ELISA检测方法。【方法】将原核表达重组质粒pET-28a-β转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,用IPTG进行诱导表达,表达产物经镍柱亲和层析纯化、尿素梯度透析复性后进行Western blot鉴定。用复性的β毒素重组蛋白作为包被抗原,通过优化间接ELISA试验条件,建立其抗体间接ELISA检测方法,对该方法的特异性、敏感性和重复性进行考察,并用其对521份临床样本进行检测。【结果】通过诱导、纯化和复性,获得了纯度较高且具有良好反应原性的β毒素重组蛋白。间接ELISA条件为:抗原最佳包被质量浓度为5.0μg/mL,阳/阴性血清最佳稀释度为1∶50,酶标二抗最佳稀释度为1∶2 500,以含50g/L脱脂奶粉的PBST作为封闭液,37℃封闭1h,抗原抗体作用1h,TMB显色30min。间接ELISA的判定标准为OD450≥0.313为阳性,OD4500.313为阴性;建立的间接ELISA方法的特异性为96%,敏感性为98%;批内变异系数在3%~4%,批间变异系数在9%以下。利用间接ELISA检测方法对521份临床山羊血清样本的检测结果表明,抗体阳性率为72.5%。【结论】对产气荚膜梭菌β毒素进行了原核表达,成功建立了其抗体间接ELISA检测方法,为产气荚膜梭菌β毒素抗体检测试剂盒的研制奠定了基础。     

荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测乳品中肉毒梭菌

通过实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应方法检测乳粉与乳清粉中的A、B、E、F四型肉毒梭菌,对肉毒梭菌荧光定量聚合酶链反应试剂盒中的阳性对照品及10、102、103、104倍梯度稀释的阳性对照品做出AB混合型和EF混合型的标准曲线,循环域值具有极好的特异性、重复性和准确性.对通过国标方法与中华人民共和国出入境检验检疫行业标准方法检测长出疑似菌落的82份乳粉与乳清粉采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应法检测,均检测不到样品中含A、B、E、F四型肉毒梭菌.     

兔产气荚膜梭菌SD12株的分离与血清型鉴定

从山东某兔场病死兔中分离到一株致病菌,经厌氧培养、菌落形态学观察、培养特性、生化反应、小白鼠毒力试验、动物回归试验、分子生物学试验,结果表明,该病原菌为厌氧菌,对小白鼠和家兔具有强致病力,为A型产气荚膜梭菌,并命名为SD12株。     

D型产气荚膜梭菌α毒素基因的克隆与高效表达

为建立产气荚膜梭菌(Clostridium perfringens)α毒素(cpa)克隆表达方法,应用PCR方法从羊源D型产气荚膜梭菌中扩增cpa成熟肽基因序列,将其插入pET-28b载体中,构建重组表达载体pET-28b-cpa;通过PCR扩增、双酶切和测序方法对重组载体进行鉴定及序列分析,然后转入BL21(DE3)pLysS中诱导表达;用SDS-PAGE检测目的蛋白大小及分布,Western blotting方法检测其反应原性。结果表明,所扩增的cpa基因大小为1110 bp,与GenBank参考序列同源性为99%以上;SDS-PAGE分析结果表明,目的蛋白大小为41.2 ku,与预期大小一致,在超声波裂解上清和包涵体中均有分布,但主要以包涵体为主,两者分布均具有和天然毒素相似的反应原性。     

延边黄牛气肿疽间接ELISA诊断方法的建立

[目的]检测延边黄牛气肿疽病原体,为牛气肿疽的检测提供科学方法和依据。[方法]采用气肿疽梭菌裂解菌体为抗原,建立检测该病原菌的酶联免疫吸附检测方法,确定其最适工作条件。[结果]气肿疽梭菌菌体裂解抗原最适包被浓度为50μg/m l;待检血清的最适稀释度为1∶200,酶标二抗的最适工作浓度为1∶2 000;对随机采集于延边地区的30份牛血清样品进行间接ELISA检测,阳性率为20%。[结论]建立的间接ELISA方法特异性和重复性好。     

Infectious agents associated with epizootic rabbit enteropathy: isolation and attempts to reproduce the syndrome

Epizootic rabbit enteropathy (ERE), a highly lethal (30-80% mortality) disease of broiler rabbits aged 6-14 weeks, first appeared in 1997 in French intensive enclosed rabbitries and is of unknown aetiology. Bacteriological, virological and parasitical examination of the intestinal contents of rabbits that had died either in spontaneous field cases or after experimental reproduction of ERE, were undertaken in an attempt to identify infectious agents that may play a role in the disease. Two bacterial strains, Clostridium perfringens and non-enteropathogenic Escherichia coli were repeatedly isolated at high faecal counts from naturally infected animals. In field cases, a correlation between typical gross lesions of epizootic enteropathy and the presence of the alpha toxin of Cl. perfringens was observed (P<0.0001; Chi-squared test). Although attempts to reproduce the disease by inoculation with different pools of cultivable bacterial strains failed, the disease was successfully reproduced by inoculation with one French and two Belgian samples of caecal contents.