Screening for periodontal disease in research dogs - a methodology study

Background

It has been shown that the prevalence of both clinical attachment loss (CAL) ≥1 mm and pocket probing depth (PPD) ≥4 mm is relatively high even in younger dogs, but also that only a minority of the dogs have such clinical signs of periodontal disease (PD) in more than a few teeth. Hence, a minority of dogs carry the major PD burden. These epidemiological features suggest that screening for PD in larger groups of dogs, allowing for rapid assessment of treatment planning, or for the selection of dogs with or without PD prior to be included in experimental trials, should be possible. CAL is the central variable in assessing PD extent and severity while PPD is the central variable used in treatment planning which make these two variables obvious in a screening protocol with the dual aim of disease identification and treatment planning. The main purpose of the present study in 98 laboratory Beagle dogs was to construct a fast, simple and accurate screening tool, which is highly sensitive for the identification of dogs with PD.

Results

Examination of the maxillary P4, P3, P2, I1 and C would, in this population, result in the identification of 85.5% of all dogs and 96% of all teeth positive for CAL ≥1 mm, and 58.9% of all dogs and 82.1% of all teeth positive for PD ≥4 mm.Examination of tooth pairs, all C’s, maxillary I2, M2 and the mandibular P4 would, in this population result in identification of 92.9% of all dogs and 97.3% of all teeth positive for PD ≥4 mm, and 65.5% of all dogs and 83.2% of all teeth positive for CAL ≥1 mm. The results presented here only pertain to the present study population.

Conclusions

This screening protocol is suitable for examination of larger groups of laboratory Beagle dogs for PD and our findings indicate that diseased dogs are identified with a high degree of sensitivity. Before this screening can be used in clinical practice, it has to be validated in breeds other than Beagle dogs and in populations with larger age variation.     

动物专用头孢喹诺的研究进展

头孢喹诺是动物专用的第4代头孢菌素类抗生素,具有广泛的抗菌和强大的杀菌作用。其抗菌活性极强,对临床分离的各种革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌的MIC50、MIC90值均较小;其药动学特点优良,吸收快,达峰时间短,生物利用度较高,药时曲线下面积较大,表现分布容积也很大;头孢喹诺毒性低,在动物的可食用组织中残留较少,安全性较高。国外已将该药应用于猪、牛的呼吸系统感染及牛乳房炎的治疗。为指导头孢喹诺在我国兽医临床上的合理应用,现对其抗菌活性、药动学、残留及毒性、临床应用等最新资料进行综述。     

Responses to Selection against Clinical Mastitis in the Norwegian Cattle Population

The genetic trend for clinical mastitis was estimated for Norwegian Cattle, a population in which mastitis resistance has been included in the breeding programme since 1978. More than 1.2 million first-lactation daughters, with clinical mastitis records registered from 1978 to 1995, bred by 2043 sires, were analysed with a linear sire model. For bulls born from 1974 to 1990 a flat genetic trend for clinical mastitis was found. However, bull sires born from 1983 onwards, selected on a breeding goal with increased weight on mastitis relative to milk production, showed consistently larger and favourable selection differentials for mastitis relative to bull sires born earlier, which had an average selection differential of approximately zero. This will influence genetic trend in the population through their sons, which were born from 1990 onwards.     

Effect of fasting duration on clinical pathology results in Wistar rats

Background: Fasting is an important preanalytical factor that may affect the interpretation of hematology and clinical biochemistry data in toxicology or pharmacology studies. Limited information is available on how the results may be affected by different durations of fasting. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of fasting duration on clinical pathology results in male and female rats and to determine an optimum fasting time for preclinical studies. Methods: Male and female Wistar rats (10 each per group) were fasted for 0, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 hours. Changes in body weight and in the results of routine CBC and clinical chemistry analysis were evaluated by 1‐way ANOVA. Results: Body weight was significantly decreased by 4 hours of fasting in all rats, and hemoglobin concentration was significantly increased at 16 hours in male rats. Serum glucose and triglyceride concentrations in both sexes and cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein‐C concentrations in female rats were also significantly decreased beginning at 16 hours. The creatinine concentration was increased in females after 16 hours of fasting. Serum alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase activities were significantly decreased after 8 hours in males and 16 hours in females. Conclusions: Fasting‐induced changes in clinical pathology results were consistent with hemoconcentration and altered nutrition and metabolic function. Most changes occurred at 16 hours, with minimal subsequent changes. Hence, a 16‐hour fasting duration may be recommended for preclinical studies involving clinical pathology measurements.     

免疫胶体金技术及其在临床诊断上的研究进展

综述了免疫胶体金技术的原理、特点以及斑点金免疫渗滤法、胶体金免疫层析法在临床诊断上的应用研究进展,并分析了该技术存在的问题及发展趋势。     

附红细胞体及附红细胞体病的研究现状和展望

根据笔者在上海首次在奶牛、仔猪和犬中发现附红细胞体病的病原体及参考其他文献,本文综述了该病的病原体、流行病学、临床症状、病理、诊断和防治等生物学特征。对该病的研究现状和发展趋势也作了一一论述。     

梓树药学研究概况

在广泛文献检索基础上,对梓树的成分、药理、临床应用、生态价值等进行了概述,为深入研究和开发利用提供科学资料.     

县级林业资源管理信息系统技术标准研究与应用

林业资源管理信息系统从纵向看有国家、省、地和区(县)等4级。由于各级管理的要求不同,条件也有较大差异,系统建设技术标准允许求同存异,达到实用性、科学性和经济性三者有机统一。依据信息技术的发展,着重分析县级林业资源监测和信息管理的需要和发展趋势,提出和分析了县级林业资源管理信息系统的网络平台、信息集成平台、数据采集与输出、数据存储与维护技术标准,提出了支撑软件、开发环境和需要解决的关键技术。认为数据的采集与输出要遵循国家及行业标准,同时考虑自身管理与决策需要进行扩充;支撑软件和开发环境要有利于维护和扩充,同时要考虑系统的运行成本。图6表1参13