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931.
Mara Quaglia Antonio Zazzerini 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,118(4):393-400
Diaporthe helianthi the causal agent of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) stem canker, causes significant reductions in yield and oil content in most sunflower-growing areas. With the aim of enhancing
host resistance, we selected in vitro sunflower calli against culture filtrates of two pathogen isolates (7/96 and 101/96).
This technique may be an effective and rapid tool to discriminate the most virulent D. helianthi isolate and to screen for host resistance in the early stage of a breeding programme. Further investigation on the mechanisms
involved in defence pathways showed no induction of salicylic acid and pathogenesis-related proteins in calli, indicating
that the host resistance is not associated with Systemic Acquired Resistance but probably other biochemical mechanisms. 相似文献
932.
以小麦白粉病菌Blumer graminis、黄瓜霜霉病菌Pseudoperonispora cubensis、杨树溃疡病菌Dothiorella gregaria、棉花枯萎病菌Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum、白菜黑斑病菌Alternaria oleracea和稻瘟病菌Pyricularia grisea 6种病原菌为指示菌种,对孜然种子中的杀菌活性成分进行了跟踪分离及活性测定。采用柱层析分离技术,从孜然种子乙醇浸膏石油醚萃取液中分离得到两个具有杀菌活性的化合物,其结构经质谱、核磁共振氢谱及碳谱等分析确定其分别为枯茗酸(对异丙基苯甲酸,p-isopropyl benzoic acid)和枯茗醛(对异丙基苯甲醛,p-isopropyl benzaldehyde)。采用菌丝生长速率法测定了两化合物对油菜菌核病菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum和辣椒疫霉Phytophthora capsici的毒力,其中枯茗醛对两种病原菌的EC50值分别为2.093和 15.40 mg/L,枯茗酸的EC50值分别为7.298和19.66 mg/L。 相似文献
933.
P. Letousey A. de Zélicourt C. Vieira Dos Santos S. Thoiron F. Monteau P. Simier P. Thalouarn P. Delavault 《Plant pathology》2007,56(3):536-546
Resistance to the dicotyledenous parasite Orobanche cumana in sunflower is characterized by a low number of parasitic attachments and a confinement of the parasite in host tissues leading to its necrosis. To help understand what determines such resistance mechanisms, molecular, biochemical and histological approaches were employed before (early response) and after (late response) attachment of the broomrape parasite to susceptible (2603) and resistant (LR1) sunflower genotypes. The expression patterns of 11 defence-related genes known to be involved in different metabolic pathways (phenylpropanoids, jasmonate, ethylene) and/or in resistance mechanisms against microorganisms were investigated. RT-PCR and cDNA blot experiments revealed that the resistant genotype exhibited a stronger overall defence response against O. cumana than the susceptible one, involving marker genes of the jasmonate (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) pathways. Among them, the SA-responsive gene, def. (defensin), appeared to be characteristic of LR1 sunflower resistance. However, no JA accumulation and similar SA contents (250–300 ng g−1 FW) were measured by GC/MS in both genotypes, parasitized or not. In addition, three cDNAs, isolated by a suppression-subtractive hybridization, were shown to be strongly induced only in the resistant genotype 8 days post-inoculation, when the first O. cumana attachments occurred. These genes, putatively encoding a methionine synthase, a glutathione S-transferase and a quinone oxidoreductase, might be involved in detoxification of reactive oxygen species, suggesting the occurrence of an oxidative burst during the incompatible interaction. Finally, host cell-wall modifications leading to parasite-confinement were correlated with more intense callose depositions in the resistant genotype, concomitant with over-expression of the callose synthase cDNA HaGSL1 . 相似文献
934.
935.
原木灵芝孢子研究:(Ⅲ)与木屑袋栽灵芝孢子的鉴别 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
原木灵芝孢子与木屑袋栽灵芝孢子可以鉴别如下:1.在扫描电镜下,前者形态饱满,后者大多数孢壁内陷;2.X-射线能谱面扫描分析结果表明,两者Mg、Al、Si、P、S、Cl、K、Ca、Fe、Ni等无机元素相对含量差异显著,前者Si、Ca含量较高;3.高效液相色谱分析结果表明,前者灵芝酸(Ganoderic acid)A、B等灵芝三萜酸含量较高,而后者未检出Ganoderic acid C;4.孢子粉经乙醚脱脂后用乙醇回流提取、浓缩成浸膏,前者提取率(固形物含量)达4.2%~4.8%,而后者仅为1.9%~2.1%。 相似文献
936.
937.
Gregor Kozlowski Jean-Pierre Métraux 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(3):225-234
We have studied the reaction of Picea abies seedlings to infection with Pythium. The highly virulent species Pythium ultimum and the less virulent species Pythium irregulare germinated on the root and hypocotyl surface, formed appressoria and penetrated through the stomata as well as through the epidermis. No major differences in the growth of both fungal species were observed during the early events of colonization. The less virulent species formed about 25% more appressoria suggesting that the fungus experienced difficulties with penetration. Differences were observed in the response of the host plant to infection. Autofluorescence, possibly related to deposition of lignin or lignin-like materials increased more in cortical and endodermal tissue colonized with the highly virulent P. ultimum than with the less virulent P. irregulare. Chitinase activity was highest in the tissues most extensively colonized by the fungus. In addition, a systemic increase of chitinase activity was also detected. Interestingly, chitinase activity increased systemically in cotyledons which were never in contact with the pathogen, indicating the translocation of a systemic signal. Salicylic acid was also detected in spruce seedlings; its level increased in roots during infection with the less virulent P. irregulare. 相似文献
938.
鸡实验性尿酸盐沉积症的肾脏病理学研究 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
将120只35日龄迪卡商品代蛋用雏鸡随机分为高钙组、高蛋白组和对照组,分别饲喂高钙(含钙3.9%)、高蛋白(含粗蛋白44.0%)和全价(含钙0.8%,粗蛋白18.2%)饲料。试验第25天,各组剖检5只鸡,作肾脏的光镜和电镜观察。结果表明,高钙、高蛋白饲料均能引发尿酸盐沉积。高钙组鸡肾脏肿大,表面及切面有大量尿酸盐结晶;输尿管扩张,管内充满白色尿酸盐沉积物。光镜观察,肾小球肿胀,近曲及远曲小管上皮细胞肿胀、变性。电镜观察,近曲小管上皮绒毛短缩、肿胀、断裂、脱落,线粒体肿胀、嵴断裂;远曲小管线粒体肿胀,呈现空泡,核呈锯齿型。高蛋白组眼观病变不明显,肾脏的光镜、电镜病变与高钙组相似,但损伤程度较轻。作者认为,高钙、高蛋白所致肾脏损害是鸡尿酸盐沉积症的重要原因。 相似文献
939.
新疆野生油菜芥酸含量的遗传分析 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
通过新疆野生油菜高、低芥校组合正反交F1、F2,回交一代及相应的杂交亲本种子中芥权的测定,分析了新疆野生油菜芥酸的遗传。结果表明,新疆野生油菜芥权酸含量受两对加性基因控制,每个芥权基因控制的芥量为5%左右。 相似文献
940.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1-2):345-369
Abstract Oil quality in vegetable oils is determined by both nutritional and functional aspects, which are, in turn, primarily determined by the fatty acid profile (i.e., fatty acid composition) of the oil. The naturally occurring fatty acid composition of Brassica oils has been extensively modified using conventional plant breeding and biotechnology-based techniques to create unique and improved quality vegetable oils. New Brassica cultivars displaying a wide range of edible oil qualities have been developed, and commercialized in recent years. Improved Brassica cultivars which produce an industrial oil have also been developed and commercialized in the last two decades. World vegetable oil markets are highly competitive, so the steady improvement in oil quality of the Brassica oilseeds is essential to maintain or increase market share, and/or to create new niche markets. The main challenges facing Brassica oilseed breeders are (1) to determine the desirable fatty acid profiles of the oil for each end-use market application to create improved oils and (2) to quickly develop improved Brassica cultivars which can produce the new fatty acid profile oils at competitive prices. 相似文献