黄河流域棉花品种产量及其组分的长期预测及技术研究

黄河流域棉花品种区域试验参试品种的皮棉产量、单株铃数、单铃重及衣分等资料为原始数据,应用谐波分析技术建立模型进行了拟合及预测研究。经拟合及精度检验,拟合指数均在0．90以上,历史符合率达100％,模型为一级精度。可预测第20轮区试参试品种的皮棉产量为1209kg·hm     

半番鸭白羽性状AFLP标记的筛选与分离

采用EcoRⅠ/TaqⅠ系列的64对引物对半番鸭羽色性状进行AFLP标记筛查,结果表明：经重复试验,最终获得3个白羽性状特异片段,它们分别由引物组合E-AAG/T-AAC、E-AAG/T-AGT、E-AGC/T-AAT扩增得到。对这3个白羽性状特有的AFLP片段测序分析,其中引物组合E-AGC/T-AAT差异片段序列与鸡的WAG-9005基因全序列相似性为73%;引物组合E-AAG/T-AAC和引物组合E-AAG/T-AGT两个差异片段与数据库中相似性较低,推测可能是新的与半番鸭白羽性状相关的基因片段。     

北京鸭和樱桃谷鸭填饲条件下脂肪沉积性能比较

试验对相同方式填饲的北京鸭和樱桃谷鸭的脂肪沉积性能进行了比较,结果表明填饲北京鸭的腹脂重极显著大于填饲樱桃谷鸭(P<0.01),皮脂厚和皮脂重略大于樱桃谷鸭,差异不显著。填饲北京鸭的皮脂率、腹脂率均大于樱桃谷鸭达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。填饲条件下,北京鸭的胸肉粗脂肪、总脂肪酸百分含量均高于樱桃谷鸭,差异不显著;北京鸭的脂肪酸C22∶0的百分含量高于樱桃谷鸭达到极显著水平(P<0.01),不饱和脂肪酸C14∶1、C24∶1 C22∶6的百分含量北京鸭显著高于樱桃谷鸭(P<0.05);其余各类脂肪酸含量两品种间差异不显著。     

三穗鸭肌细胞增强因子基因多态性与屠宰性状的相关性分析

为了解三穗鸭肌细胞增强因子(myocyte enhancer factor 2A,MEF2A)SNPs与屠宰性状的相关性,本研究以60只三穗鸭为研究对象,采用PCR-SSCP方法结合PCR产物直接测序技术对三穗鸭MEF2A基因多态性进行检测,并进行SNPs与屠宰性状各指标的相关分析。结果表明,在MEF2A基因中共发现了2个SNPs:第11外显子的g.47915G>A位点和g.47918G>A位点,g.47915G>A位点发生的G/A突变使密码子由GAA变为AAA,翻译出的氨基酸由谷氨酸变成赖氨酸,g.47918G>A位点的G/A突变引起的密码子由GAT变成AAT,翻译出的氨基酸由天冬氨酸变成天冬酰胺。SNPs与屠宰性状的关联性分析表明,g.47915G>A和g.47918G>A位点影响全净膛率。这一结果揭示了MEF2A基因的多态性对三穗鸭屠体性状具有重要的影响。     

鸭传染性浆膜炎疾病模型方法的建立

鸭传染性浆膜炎是鸭最常见的急性、败血性传染病之一,死亡率高,严重影响到养鸭业的发展。本试验通过对鸭传染性浆膜炎疾病模型的建立进行条件筛选,确立对6周龄雏鸭采用腹腔注射0.5 mL 4.5×10⁹ CFU/mL细菌浓度的鸭疫里默氏杆菌,5 h后鸭开始发病,3~5 d死亡率达80%,临床症状、病理学检查及病原学鉴定均符合该疾病模型复制的要求。本试验结果可以为该病的病理学研究及新药筛选提供理论依据。     

建昌板鸭微生物发酵动力学研究

[目的]研究建昌板鸭传统制作工艺过程中主要发酵微生物的生长变化规律。[方法]以建昌板鸭为原料,每48 h对其主要发酵微生物（细菌、酵母菌、乳酸菌和葡萄球菌）的菌体浓度进行了测定,应用7次高阶多项式方程建立了板鸭发酵过程中各微生物生长的动力学模型,并对各动力学模型函数进行了验证试验。[结果]建昌板鸭发酵微生物细菌、酵母菌、乳酸菌和葡萄球菌生长的动力学模型与试验实测数据能够较好地拟合。[结论]为建昌板鸭加工行业的规模化生产提供了参考。     

鸭大肠杆菌超广谱β-内酰胺酶检测(ESBLs)及药物敏感性测定

对国内7个省份临床分离的32株鸭大肠杆菌进行超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)检测及药物敏感性研究。结果表明,32株分离的鸭大肠杆菌中产ESBLs菌株7株,阳性检出率为21.87%;产ESBLs菌株对常用头孢三代及半合成青霉素类药物的敏感率低于42.9%,耐药率则高于28.6%,对阿莫西林、氨苄西林、头孢噻呋的耐药率高达100%。产酶菌株和非产酶菌株对新型头孢四代产品头孢吡肟及碳青霉烯类药物亚胺培南、美罗培南的敏感率高于96%。加酶抑制剂的β-内酰胺类抗生素如阿莫西林/棒酸、氨苄西林/舒巴坦、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦等对产酶菌株和非产酶菌株的敏感率全部高于未加酶抑制剂的单方药物。产ESBLs菌株存在多重耐药现象,酶抑制剂能够部分解决此类耐药性问题。     

Bicavitary eosinophilic effusion in a dog with coccidioidomycosis

This is a case of coccidioidomycosis in a dog, examined for vomiting and labored breathing. Physical examination and thoracic and abdominal imaging revealed pleural and peritoneal effusions, both of which exhibited neutrophilic inflammation with a substantial eosinophilic component. The dog had positive IgM and IgG coccidioidomycosis titers at initial evaluation. The eosinophilic component of the inflammation was attributed to coccidioidomycosis. The dog underwent approximately 6 months of fluconazole treatment, with both effusions and clinical signs improving after 6 weeks. Three months after cessation of antifungal treatment, the dog developed a mid-diaphyseal lytic and proliferative lesion in the left radius caused by Coccidioides spp. This case illustrates the importance of consideration of coccidioidomycosis when an eosinophilic cavitary effusion is present in dogs that live in or have traveled to endemic regions.     

木屑复合基质在樱桃番茄上的栽培效果初报

利用来源广泛且成本低廉的木屑作为主要成分制成不同复合基质,研究其理化性质及其栽培樱 桃番茄的效果。结果表明,以木屑为主要成分制成的复合基质在总孔隙度、通气孔隙度、田间持水量及 pH等理化性质方面优于以泥炭为主要成分的复合基质(60％泥炭 20％细沙 20％珍珠岩),其中以复合 基质(60％木屑 40％煤炉渣)综合性状表现最优,另外其在栽培樱桃番茄过程中的保水保肥能力也最 强,产量表现也最佳,比对照增产30．3％,并且果实在VC、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、还原糖等品质指标 上与对照无显著差异,是栽培樱桃番茄较理想的复合基质。     

Analysis of the Genetic Diversity and Origin of Some Chinese Domestic Duck Breeds

Twelve fluorescence-labeled microsatellite markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 12 domestic duck breeds and 2 wild duck breeds to determine the relationship and origin of Chinese domestic duck breeds. Gene frequency, effective number of alleles （Ne）, expected heterozygosity （He）, polymorphism information contents （PIC）, inbreeding coefficient in population （Fis）, standard genetic distance （Ds）, and genetic distance （DA） were calculated by FSTAT and distance and phylogenetic analysis after the dates which were output from the Microsatellite-Toolkit software. Genetic distances between 12 domestic duck breeds and 2 wild duck breeds were analyzed by variance analysis. Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean （UPGMA） and phylogenetic trees used for cluster analysis were structured. The results indicated that 11 loci had medium- or high-level genetic diversity among the 12 loci, which could be efficiently used in the detection of the genetic parameters of each population. The values of He were 0.5414 to 0.7343, those of PIC proved similar, and those of Fis were 0.1101 to 0.3381 among all populations. All breeds were clustered into three groups by UPGMA phylogenetic trees. Banzui duck was clustered into a separate group. Differences of the DA were analysed by t-test. The results showed that difference in DA between the 12 domestic duck breeds and Lvtou duck and the Banzui duck were very significant （P〈0.01）, indicating that these 12 domestic duck breeds originated from Lvtou wild duck, but not Banzui duck.