金属注射成形技术在喷雾机零件制造中的应用

概述了金属注射成形技术的工艺过程和特点，给出了在喷雾机喷雾头组件这一典型农机零件上的应用实例，并对喷雾头组件用注射成形工艺制造中粘结剂成分的选择、混炼工艺、脱脂方法和烧结过程等进行了探索。通过研究制造出了尺寸精度和力学性能均满足要求的产品，产品致密度达到98．5％。生产工艺得到明显简化。     

TILLING and Ecotilling the Plant Kingdom

The modem crop scientist has a large amount of available nucleotide sequence information to identify genes of potential agronomic importance. Using reverse genetic approaches, specific genes can be disrupted, and hypotheses regarding gene function directly tested in vivo. Although a number of reverse genetic methods have been introduced, many are limited in application because they are organism-specific, expensive, transgenic, or only transiently disrupt gene function. However, traditional mutagenesis using chemical mutagens has been widely used as a forward genetics strategy to create many new crop plant varieties at relatively low cost. Mutagens such as ethyl methanesulphonate （EMS） cause stable point mutations and thus produce an allelic series of truncation and missense changes that can provide a range of phenotypes （Greene et al., 2003）. TILLING （targeting induced local lesions IN genomes） is a high-throughput reverse genetic strategy that combines traditional mutagenesis and SNP discovery methods （Colbert et al., 2001; McCallum et al., 2000）. To identify mutations, target regions of-l.5 kb are amplified with fluorescently labeled gene specific primers. Heteroduplexes are then formed between wild-type and mutant strands, mismatches are cleaved by incubation with a single-strand specific nuclease,     

化学药剂诱导植物抗病性研究进展

诱导抗病性（Induced resistance）是指利用生物或物理、化学因子处理植物,改变植物对病原的反应,从而使其获得局部或系统的抗性。本文综述了近年来水杨酸、寡糖、聚糖及BTH等几种主要化学诱导剂在诱导植物抗病性中的应用。     

不同添加剂对香蕉假茎青贮的影响

以经过干制的假茎(干物质含量约为25%)为原料,分别添加甲酸、EM、青宝Ⅱ号、EM+青宝Ⅱ号进行青贮以探讨香蕉假茎通过青贮转化作为饲料的效果。结果表明：加入添加剂处理可以提高青贮品质,与对照相比各处理组在pH值、氨态氮、ADF测定中均显著降低(p<0.05);EM+青宝Ⅱ号组效果最好pH值为3.9,ADF含量下降了7.86%;EM效果次之,但这两者之间的差异不显著。     

过饱和持水时间和温度对固形基质浸液成分的影响

将木屑、砻糠、草屑、泥炭、风化煤和鸡粪6种不同物料置于不同温度下浸水后取其滤液,分析其铵态氮、硝态氮、速效磷以及可溶性的5种金属元素(钾、钙、镁、钠、铁)的含量,为调整营养液配方提供依据。几种物料浸液中的矿质元素在108 h以后基本趋于稳定。高温利于氮素释放,使有效氮含量峰值出现提早;在氮素形态上,木屑等5种物料主要以铵态氮的形式释放,而泥炭则主要以硝态氮的形式释放。浸液中有效磷含量的相对稳定值有所不同,在不同物料上表现为:鸡粪>木屑>砻糠>草屑>泥炭>风化煤;浸液中不同温度、不同时间下的有效金属元素含量基本保持稳定,只有K 含量随温度的升高变化较为明显。根据研究结果,在忽略复合后基质间影响的情况下,建议复合基质浸水7 d后待浸液中各矿质养分含量稳定,初步按下列公式调整营养液,C调=C理-C浸液使基质内各成分含量稳定在理想状态,以后营养液管理仍按原配方添加营养液。     

作物水分利用率的影响因素及其提高途径探讨

综述了作物水分利用率的研究进展。在探讨水分利用率内涵的基础上，阐述了作物水分利用率的影响因素如作物，环境因素，化学制剂，栽培措施和耕作制度等人类活动等影响因素，重点分析了土壤因素和化学制剂对作物水分利用率的影响，探讨了作物水分利用率的提高途径，包括优化种植结构；选用节水高产型品种；农田覆盖保水技术；水肥耦合技术；化学调控节水技术和节水灌溉技术等     

腐殖酸对烤烟土壤性状及烟叶品质的影响

2006-2007年在河南郏县进行田间试验,研究腐殖酸对土壤微生物数量、酶活性和烟叶品质的影响.结果表明,使用腐殖酸肥料后,耕层土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌、磷细菌、钾细菌和氨化细菌的数量,土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、磷酸酶的活性及烟叶品质均比对照有不同程度提高.腐殖酸与放线菌和氨化细菌呈极显著正相关关系,与烟碱、淀粉含量呈极显著负相关关系.其中以750 kg/hm~2腐殖酸用量处理的效果最好.     

Environmental impacts from herbicide tolerant canola production in Western Canada

The commercial production of herbicide tolerant (HT) canola began in Western Canada in 1997. With more than a decade of use, the actual farm-level environmental impact of HT canola can be evaluated. This article reports on a spring 2007 survey of nearly 600 canola farmers in the three prairie provinces of Western Canada. Producers were asked about their crop production experiences for 2005 and 2006 and expected crop planting for 2007. A reduction in the total number of chemical applications over the 3-year period was reported, resulting in a decrease of herbicide active ingredient being applied to farmland in Western Canada of nearly 1.3 million kg annually. Fewer tillage passes over the survey period were reported, improving moisture conservation, decreasing soil erosion and contributing to carbon sequestration in annual cropland. An estimated 1 million tonnes of carbon is either sequestered or no longer released under land management facilitated by HT canola production, as compared to 1995. The value of this carbon off-set is estimated to be C$5 million. Comparisons with similar studies and against non-adoption of HT canola can guide future decisions about HT canola adoption.     

山西南部日光节能温室土壤化学特征及其相关性的研究

为了明确山西南部碳酸盐褐土日光节能温室土壤肥力变化特征和指导菜农科学地进行日光节能温室养分资源管理,系统地研究了栽培0 ～ 10年日光节能温室土壤的pH、EC值、OM、全N、有效P、硝态N、速效K、交换性Ca和交换性Mg的变化趋势.结果表明,栽培年限与土壤EC值、OM、全N、有效P、硝态N、交换性Mg呈显著正相关,其中...     

4种蛋白质饲料对幼龄獭兔饲用价值的比较研究

为了评定豆粕、玉米蛋白粉、棉粕、菜粕等4种蛋白质饲料在獭兔幼龄阶段的营养价值,试验以3月龄獭兔为研究对象,通过化学测定、消化试验与饲养试验,比较分析了4种蛋白质饲料的化学组成及其营养价值。结果显示:粗蛋白表观可吸收量以棉粕最高,为383.22 g/kg,分别比豆粕、玉米蛋白粉、菜粕多3.4,137.9,20.85 g/kg;必需氨基酸化学值指数(EAAI)与可吸收量指数均以菜粕最高,分别为1.18,0.047 5;干物质表观消化能以豆粕最高,为9.99 MJ/kg,分别比玉米蛋白粉、棉粕、菜粕高2.94,3.20,2.68 MJ/kg;豆粕的钙消化吸收最佳,消化率与表观吸收量分别为79.32%,18.59 g/kg,极显著高于棉粕,显著高于菜粕;玉米蛋白粉的磷消化吸收最佳,消化率与表观吸收量分别为63.82%,6.14 g/kg,极显著高于棉粕,显著高于菜粕;4个处理的日均增重、日均采食量、料重比均无显著差异,以棉粕组日均增重最大,为26.64 g。棉粕可用作3月龄獭兔的蛋白质饲料。