迷迭香水提液对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后SOD和·OH的影响

[目的]研究迷迭香水提液对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和羟自由基(.OH)抑制能力的影响。[方法]取健康SD雌性大鼠50只,采用4-血管阻断(4-VO)方法建立全脑缺血再灌注动物模型,造模前灌胃给药7 d,造模后3 h取材,利用分光光度法检测大鼠肝、脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和羟自由基(.OH)抑制能力。[结果]与模型组比较,迷迭香水提液各剂量组均能显著提高大鼠各组织中SOD活力(P0.01)和.OH抑制能力(P0.05或P0.01),并存在一定的量效关系,以高剂量组(50 g/kg)效果最佳。[结论]迷迭香水提液对脑缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用,其机制可能与改善氧化应激状态有关。     

线栓法制备大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型的研究

人类脑血管病的发病率随着社会环境因素和饮食结构的改变正在日益增加，其中缺血性脑血管病占80％以上，大脑中动脉闭塞（Middle cercbral artery occlusion，MCAO）占血管闭塞的43％。针对这一情况对MCAO的研宄显得尤为重要．时缺血性脑血管的研究，首先需要建立简便有效的动物模型。而制备模型的方法很多．目前，线栓法制备的大鼠局灶性脑缺血模型被公认的较为理想的局灶性脑缺血模型．它具有不开颅，损伤小。重复性好的优点，并可准确控制缺血和再灌注的时间，因此应用范围广泛．但目前仍有很多因素制约着模型的成功复制。现就模型的制备、影响因素夏其现状进行研究．     

电针对山羊皮层诱发电位和骨髓表面诱发电位的影响

本文报道了15头山羊电刺激胫神经引起的大脑皮层诱发电位(CEP)和脊髓表面诱发电位(SSP)被电针抑制的情况。其结果是:CEP和SSP被电针抑制的程度不同,当CEP被完全抑制时,SSP(负电位)仅受到轻度抑制。提示电针对伤害性刺激传入冲动引起的诱发电位的抑制作用,在大脑皮层比在脊髓强。至于其中痛成分的抑制情况如何有待进一步探讨。     

Effect of ligustrazine on cerebral injury in LPS-induced septic shock rats

AIM: To investigate the effect of ligustrazine (Lig) on cerebral injury in LPS-induced septic shock rats and to explore the underlying mechanism.METHODS: Wistar rats (n=48) were randomly divided into control group, LPS group and LPS+Lig treatment group. The rats in LPS group were randomly divided into 2 subgroups at time points of 6 h and 12 h. After ligustrazine treatment, the venous blood was collected by removal of eyeballs to detect the concentration of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) using ELISA. The nitric oxide (NO) concentration in the homogenate of brain tissues was examined. The apoptosis in the hippocampus was analyzed by TUNEL staining. The protein expression of Bax and Bcl-2 was determined by Western blot.RESULTS: Ligustrazine inhibited the elevation of NSE and NO concentrations in LPS-induced septic shock rats. Furthermore, ligustrazine administration also attenuated LPS-induced increase in Bax expression and decrease in Bcl-2 expression. CONCLUSION: Ligustrazine decreases the concentration of NSE and NO, and attenuates cerebral injury in LPS-induced septic shock rats. These effects may be related to the regulation of Bax and Bcl-2 expression.     

环尾狐猴和松鼠猴触达不同特征目标物的手偏好

以笼养环尾狐猴(Lemur catta)和松鼠猴(Saimiri sciureus)为研究对象,在国际上首次关注原猴亚目(Strepsirrhini)和新大陆猴(Platyrrhini)物种触达不同特征目标物(有生命目标物和无生命目标物)的手偏好表达特点。研究发现:(1)面对有生命和无生命目标物,环尾狐猴和松鼠猴均表现出个体水平上的手偏好,但无群组水平上的手偏好;(2)目标物特征和手偏好之间无显著交互作用。面对有生命目标物,环尾狐猴左手的使用频率高于右手,而松鼠猴则相反;面对无生命目标物,2物种左手的使用频率均高于右手;(3)面对各个类型目标物的手偏好方向和强度,物种间均无显著差异。关于环尾狐猴的研究结果在一定程度上支持任务复杂度假说、姿势起源理论和右脑半球假说,不支持工具使用理论;关于松鼠猴的研究结果在一定程度上支持任务复杂度假说和姿势起源理论,不支持右脑半球假说和工具使用理论。     

Recent advances in artrial elastin

The elastin has been investigated since the 1950s, and it has been found that elastin relates to the vascular diseases in recent years. In this review, the elastin gene structure, distribution and its role in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases and aging are summarized.     

螺旋CT对大脑中动脉供血区超急性期脑梗死的诊断价值

目的探讨螺旋CT对大脑中动脉供血区超急性期脑梗死的诊断价值.方法对62例大脑中动脉供血区超急性期脑梗死（发病6 h内）的CT征象进行分析.结果大脑中动脉供血区脑梗死超急性期CT表现为MCA高密度征、点状征及豆状核边缘模糊,密度减低;岛叶密度减低,相应侧裂池变窄;颞叶灰质密度减低,脑沟变窄或消失,灰白质界限不清.结论螺旋CT对大脑中动脉供血区超急性期脑梗死有很高的诊断价值.     

Coenurus cerebralis Infection in Ethiopian Highland Sheep: Incidence and Observations on Pathogenesis and Clinical Signs

An investigation was carried out at Debre Berhan, Ethiopia, between 1996 and 1997, into the epidemiology of coenurosis in Menz and Horro breeds of sheep. A total of 37 heads from clinically sick and 183 heads from apparently healthy sheep were examined post mortem for the presence of the cystic larvae of Taenia multiceps, of which 37 and 5 heads, respectively, contained 1 to 8 coenurus cysts (diameter 0.8 to 6.5 cm). The bladder worms were located in the cerebral hemisphere in 96% of the cases (43% and 57% for left and right, respectively), 4% being in the cerebellum. Prediction of cyst locations based on the direction of circling and head deviation had a 62% success rate. A retrospective study generated from the health record book at the ILRI Debre Berhan Station in 1992–1996 (199 Horro and 174 Menz) revealed that the incidence of coenurosis ranged from 2.3% to 4.5%. There was no significant breed difference in the incidence. The age of the affected sheep ranged from 4 to 96 months, with a mean of 19.3 months, and 72% of the cases were within the range of 6 to 24 months. In a complementary survey on necropsied stray dogs, 8 out of 17 were positive for Taenia spp. Both studies confirm the endemicity of coenurosis at the ILRI Debre Berhan Research Station. Appropriate strategies for the control of coenurosis are suggested.     

The expression of NF-κB and ICAM-1 in rat brain of experimental intracerebral hemorrhage and cerebral microvascular endothelial cells injured by hydrogen peroxide

AIM: To discuss the possible mechanism of the inflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and the relationship of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). METHODS: The expression of NF-κB and ICAM-1 were detected by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, immunocytochemistry and Western blotting techniques in rat brain of experimental ICH and cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (RCMECs) injured by hydrogen peroxide. RESULTS: The expression of NF-κB p65 and ICAM-1 were up-regulated in rat brain after ICH. The ICAM-1 reached the peak at 1 day while the NF-κB at 4th day. NF-κB p65 expressed remarkably in cultured RCMECs immediately after injured by hydrogen peroxide, while ICAM-1 expressed remarkably　2 hours later. PDTC, an inhibitor of NF-κB, down-regulated the expression of NF-κB and ICAM-1. CONCLUSION: NF-κB induces the expression of ICAM-1 in RCMECs injured by reactive oxygen species (ROS).     

Dogs mean arterial pressure and heart rate responses during high propofol plasma concentrations estimated by a pharmacokinetic model

Propofol total intravenous anesthesia should provide stability of the cardiovascular system. In this study, mean arterial pressure and heart rate were evaluated in eight healthy dogs anesthetized with increasing rates of propofol. The cerebral state index (CSI) was studied as an additional parameter. Although the estimated propofol plasma concentration reached a maximal value of 15.3 μg ml⁻¹, no hypotension or bradycardia were observed. Exploration of each animal’s data revealed high inter-individual variability regarding mean arterial pressure and heart rate. Considering the logarithmic of the concentration, a moderate depressant effect of propofol on mean arterial pressure was revealed in five dogs but the effect was not followed on heart rate.