三叶草根际溶磷菌溶磷及分泌IAA能力测定

为了获得优良的菌株资源,采用溶磷圈法、钼锑抗比色法和Spot、S2比色法,定性、定量测定了分离自三叶草根际10株溶磷细菌的溶磷和分泌植物生长激素(IAA)的能力,结果表明:各菌株在PKO无机磷培养液中的有效磷增量在106.63～666.01mg/L(P<0.05),菌株ls1-3有效磷增量最大;各菌株在蒙金娜有机磷培养液中的有效磷增量在0.32～58.42mg/L(P<0.05),菌株lhs11有效磷增量最大;有些菌株既能溶解无机磷,又能溶解有机磷,如菌株lhs4和lhs11;有些菌株能溶解无机磷,但无溶解有机磷的能力,如菌株ls1-3和ls1-5。除3个菌株(ls2-11、ls2-16和ls3-2)外,其他菌株都能分泌IAA,分泌量在0.36～20.39mg/L(P<0.05),菌株ls3-5分泌能力最强(20.39μg/mL)。菌株ls1-3、ls2-3、ls3-5、lhs4和lhs11有望作为研制微生物肥料的优良菌株。     

红假单胞菌属光合细菌的一种规模化培养方法

为了研究红假单胞菌属光合细菌的规模化培养方法,2015年1月5日至2016年4月26日,将淡水鱼配合饲料与自来水混合后放置在玻璃温室,于有机玻璃柱中腐烂、发酵培养,培养期间不添加其他物质,也不添加菌种种源。实验过程中,随着饲料的腐烂,容器内壁上逐渐出现了暗红色物质附着,并且附着面积逐渐扩散到整个内壁,然后水体也逐渐转变为暗红色。结果显示,饲料腐烂过程中,水体TN、TP和TOC最高可分别达近1 200 mg/L、700 mg/L和2 700 mg/L,随后水体TN、TP和TOC出现降低趋势。微生物高通量测序分析结果显示,当水体呈现暗红色时,附着态微生物样品和浮游态微生物样品均以红假单胞菌属为最大的优势属,红假单胞菌属在附着态样品和浮游态样品中的相对丰度分别达到73.19%和54.31%,即实现了浮游态和附着态红假单胞菌属光合细菌的高密度培养。推断本实验中红假单胞菌规模化培养方法的机理:首先,异养菌降解饲料原料为小分子物质,随后在适当的水温、光照等物理因素的影响下,其中高浓度的氮、磷、碳以及金属离子、维生素、微量元素等小分子物质满足了红假单胞菌的高密度生长需求而大量生长成为优势种类。这提供了一种利用水产配合饲料与水一起发酵进行红假单胞菌属光合细菌规模化培养的方法,可为其他降解大分子有机物的异养菌的规模化培养提供参考。     

Influence of soil and host plant crop on the genetic diversity of Azospirillum amazonense isolates

The genetic structure of Azospirillum amazonense populations isolated from the rhizosphere soil and washed and surface-sterilised roots of rice, maize and sorghum plants, cropped simultaneously in two different soils (clay loam and sandy loam) was characterised. Genetic diversity was measured by restriction fragment length polymorphism of the amplified 16S–23S rDNA intergenic spacer region (RISA-RFLP) and cluster analysis. Four genetically distinct clusters of isolates were observed with 78% similarity, suggesting that the A. amazonense population was heterogeneous at the strain level regardless of the soil type or host plant. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) demonstrated that the host plant had a highly significant selective effect on the genetic structure of this species, especially on those isolates intimately associated with them, but also to a lesser extent on isolates from the rhizosphere and washed roots. The soil type also had a highly significant selective effect on A. amazonense genetic diversity, especially for those isolates from the rhizosphere soil. The selective effect of the soil type combined with that of the host plant suggests that environmental factors, such as soil texture and composition of exudates provided by C₃ or C₄ plants, play major roles in the overall genetic structure of A. amazonense populations associated with these cereals.     

昆虫病原线虫共生菌胞内外蛋白的提取及杀虫活性比较

通过超声波破碎、硫酸铵盐析等方法从10株昆虫病原线虫共生菌的发酵液中分离出各菌株的胞内和胞外蛋白,测定各蛋白样品含量及其对棉铃虫初孵幼虫的生长抑制毒性,并用Native-PAGE和SDS-PAGE对各粗蛋白组分进行初步分析。结果表明有7个菌株的胞内和胞外蛋白对棉铃虫初孵幼虫生长均显示出不同程度的抑制生长活性。其中以嗜线虫致病杆菌3个菌株CB6、All和Bw活性最强,其胞内蛋白的活性分别达97.1%、97.9%、97.2%,胞外蛋白分别达95.8%9、6.3%、88.6%。不同菌株胞内胞外蛋白产量各不相同。电泳图谱表明,不同菌株间及同一菌株胞内胞外蛋白有差异,但近缘菌株相似。     

挥发性物质对植物致病菌的熏蒸作用研究进展

挥发性物质分子量小,化合物种类复杂,具有的熏蒸抑菌作用是其特殊的生物学功能之一,受到世界各国学者的关注。本文对挥发性物质的种类、抑菌活性及检测鉴定方法进行了概述,着重评述了植物（精油）和微生物产生的挥发性物质的抑菌作用及其研究进展,从挥发性物质中筛选出具有抑菌作用的单体化合物是新的研究方向。     

硅烷化表面海洋细菌对厚壳贻贝稚贝附着的影响

为探讨厚壳贻贝稚贝对自然微生物膜中海洋细菌的附着行为反应,本论文研究了厚壳贻贝（Mytilus coruscus）稚贝附着与硅烷基化附着基表面、微生物膜密度以及细菌种属系统发育之间的相互关系。研究表明所测海洋细菌均能显著促进厚壳贻贝稚贝的附着;其中Staphylococcus sp. 1和Cobetia sp. 1表现出较低诱导活性,且这两株细菌形成的微生物膜密度与稚贝附着率之间无显著相关性;其他7株海洋细菌均表现出中等程度诱导活性,且所形成的微生物膜密度与稚贝附着率之间呈显著相关性。系统发育分析表明所测海洋细菌对厚壳贻贝稚贝附着的诱导活性与细菌种属无关。因而,硅烷基化表面的海洋附着细菌对厚壳贻贝附着有着显著性促进作用,本研究将为后续开展厚壳贻贝稚贝附着机制奠定了基础。     

Epithelial response to experimentally introduced intraluminal bacteria in the avian epididymal ducts

The response of the epithelial cells of the various ducts of the avian epididymis, whose function is poorly understood, to intraluminal bacteria was evaluated by the injection of an avirulent strain of Salmonella gallinarium into the RT for 24 h. Ultrastructurally, bacteria and invading mononuclear cells were present in the lumina of the RT, proximal efferent ducts (PED) and distal efferent ducts. However, only the non-ciliated (Type I) cells of the PED epithelium ingested bacteria from the lumen. Fragments of bacteria also occurred in several intercellular spaces in the epithelium of the PED. Some mononuclear cells also contained fragments of bacteria. Neither cell death in the various epithelia nor mononuclear infiltration of the periductal tissue occurred. Therefore, in addition to the established function of absorbing most of the testicular fluid entering the epididymis, the Type I cells also appear capable of recognising and removing foreign particulate matter from the epididymal through-flow in the proximal part of the epididymis.     

茶多酚的抑菌作用研究

对茶多酚对常见致病菌的抑制作用进行了研究,测定了茶多酚对这些致病菌的最低抑制浓度,结果表明,茶多酚对金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌、枯草杆菌的抑制作用特别强,其抑菌圈范围明显,抑制作用强;对变形杆菌和沙门氏菌的抑制作用次之,其抑菌圈较为模糊;对大肠杆菌的抑制作用则欠佳.探讨了茶多酚在鲜肉和鲜牛奶中的防腐效果.     

基于高通量测序技术分析石蝉草内生细菌多样性

以石蝉草根、茎、叶为材料,采用Illumina Mi Seq高通量测序技术研究石蝉草内生细菌多样性。结果表明,根、茎、叶样品共测得167个OTUs,归属于11个门,分别为变形菌门、Ignavibacteriae、芽单胞菌门、梭杆菌门、厚壁菌门、异常球菌-栖热菌门、绿弯菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门和酸杆菌门,各样品的菌群组成和多样性虽有差异,但以变形菌门为优势菌群,约占62.48%~93.24%。在各样品菌群丰度最高的10个OTUs中,叶部优势群落芽孢杆菌属、根部特有群落粘球菌目与石蝉草中具有抗炎、抗肿瘤活性的物质存在潜在相关性。     

竹鼠肠道中厌氧纤维素降解菌的分离与鉴定

本试验旨在从竹鼠肠道中分离厌氧纤维素降解菌并鉴定。取中华竹鼠盲肠内容物稀释,采用含2种不同纤维素[微晶纤维素(MCC)和羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)]的培养基在厌氧条件下对纤维素降解菌进行初筛,后又经以纤维二糖为唯一碳源的培养基的多次复筛,选出的菌株进行经形态学和分子生物学的鉴定。结果表明:经过初筛和复筛,筛选出了2株厌氧纤维素降解菌。初筛培养基采用MCC和CMC-Na最终筛选出的2株纤维素降解菌的纤维素酶活力分别为6.599和5.268U/m L。菌株经PCR鉴定、测序,用所得序列构建系统发育树,得出这2株菌与酪酸梭状芽孢杆菌(Clostridium butyricum)具有很高的同源性,达99%,二者均属于梭菌属(Clostridium)。本试验从竹鼠盲肠中成功筛选出2株纤维素降解菌,经鉴定确定属于梭菌属。